Ukutyala kunye Anut nokukhula

Anut zikhula zibe yinxalenye enkulu kummandla Russia. Lingcwaba lomfo iintlobo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo umthi. Ngokutsho inani iimpawu ezintle nut phantse akukho ngokulinganayo phakathi namanye amalungu zobukumkani izityalo.

Tree likhula ngokukhawuleza, iziqhamo ngesisa yaye ixesha elide. Ukulinywa Anut ivumela ukuphucula impilo kwaye unike umzimba imveliso us arcade ophezulu. Kwane- ukutyala imithi 2-3 kwisiza, ukuze ufumane inani elifunekayo lokuvuna okumnandi, okunesondlo kunye nempilo. Ngenxa leziqhamo amandongomane nga kuphekwa izitya ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kunye condiments, ngokunjalo ukwenza amayeza ngempumelelo.

begadi abaninzi banomdla ukuba bakhule indlela Anut ukuyenza ixesha elide yaye kuzisa uvuyo zizukulwana ezininzi hlobo. Kweli nqaku siza kuthetha ngeendlela kufuywe nokulinywa kulo mthi.

Anut eMoscow: ekhula

Anut - phezulu imithi eluhlaza, nto leyo eye amagqabi amakhulu kakhulu, lisuke labuna amaxolo engwevu idumileyo ehlabathini lonke iziqhamo.

Namhlanje kunzima kakhulu ukufumana indawo ipoma, zazingathandanga kukhule walnuts. In namadlelo ukulinywa kulo mthi nobunzima ezithile. Apha ityalwa kakhulu ebusika-singapheli kunye nenkangeleko bokuqala ntlobo zeziqhamo. Le inkcubeko nabalulamileyo kwaye elide ekhula kakuhle kwanezithwala iziqhamo kwiintlobo zomhlaba ezahlukeneyo ezahlukeneyo sendawo. Noko ke, kwintlabathi enzulu nomhlaba kakubi umoya kubhetele ukuba kukhule Anut. Aphantsi komhlaba kufuneka ingabekwa kubunzulu ongekho ngaphantsi kwe-1,5 m. Kwiindawo eziyimiqwebedu kufuneka aqinisekise yamanzi.

walnuts Veliswa

Abaninzi banomdla umbuzo ukuba akhule ngayo walnuts. Kokuba ngokutyalwa ngeendlela ezimbini: imbewu kunye kwezityalo (yi yokumilisela).

andise imbewu

imbewu Ukulinywa Anut na indlela engundoqo yokuzala. Imbewu ivunwe kuphela kwezo fom yasekuhlaleni Anut. Wakhethwa okunempilo, ngaphandle umonakalo ebalulekileyo busika imithi-iba lityhalarha, eye ukukhula okulungileyo, kwaye unikezelo yonyaka ephezulu (ubuncinane 20-25 amandongomane kg eyomileyo). Iziqhamo zomthi kufuneka omkhulu. I kernel - kwenziwa kakuhle kwaye lula. ixesha lokuvuna imbewu emiselwe inkangeleko yabo, kanye nokukhula le pericarp (ese exolweni). Ukuba eluhlaza sele iqalile ukuqhekeza okanye lula ezahlulwe kwi liqatywe, kunokwenzeka ukuba kuvuna imbewu.

Ithekhinoloji ekhula imbewu Anut lumi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: okokuqala zonke nati eqokelelweyo nyulu ukusuka pericarp yaye ingaphelanga iveki elangeni ezomisiweyo, uze emva koko ngaphantsi isigubungelo ezishelfini umnatha. omiswe Final nokugcinwa oluqhutywa kwigumbi eyomileyo kwindawo lobushushu + 19-20 ^° C igqampe kuphela esikhethiweyo esempilweni, neenkozo imilo rhoqo.

Zihlwayeleleni, imbewu ekwindla. Indlela engundoqo Isilungiselelo ezithile ngokwezinga labo, ngaphandle apho engathi ngumfanekiswana amandongomane isiqhuma ixesha elide. Ngaphezu koko, akukho lula ukufumana udonga eziphathekayo ukuze ngeenyawo.

Ubude kunye indlela ezithile ngokwezinga zixhomekeke ikakhulu kwi nutshell ubukhulu:

• imbewu Tolstokorov - malunga 90-100 iintsuku lobushushu kokugquma 0-7 ° C;
• amandongomane, ukuba umlinganiselo kunye iqokobhe ebhityile, - iintsuku 35-45 kwi 16-18 ° C.

Noko ke, nkqu nabo amandongomane owayefumene ezithile ngokwezinga babe ixesha ekuntshuleni olungalinganiyo - naklevyvanie yabo kungathatha iintsuku ezingaphezu kwama-20. maluqhutywe ngolu hlobo ukuba nokukhawulezisa ngendlela.

Ngaphambi kokufika nut wambamba kangangexesha elithile kubushushu ka 15-18 ° C zapeskovannymi de naklyunutsya. Emva koko ezibekwe phezu ziyantshuliswa ikhule ngumfanekiswana ngokwahlukeneyo.

Ukuba isixa imbewu encinane, iziphumo ezingcono ziyaphunyezwa ngexesha ukuvunwa izithole. Ezithile ngokwezinga lwenziwa-10 ukuya kuMatshi 15 kubushushu ka 14-18 ° C.

nut Ukuntshula iqala ekupheleni kuka April. Isetyenziswa zokutyala izithole kunye namagqabi ezimbini. Dive lwenziwa ngokwemiqathango ezintathu. Phambi kokutyala, isityalo ngamnye aliqhawule ekupheleni taproot.

Ngokuba imbewu nezithole, naluviko lwenza kusetyenziswa umhlaba kakuhle otyebileyo, yothani ku-10 ° C. A Umgama kwimiqolo - malunga 10-15 cm.

amantongomane ezinkulu ezityalwe ukuya ubunzulu-10 cm, amancinci naphakathi - 7-9 amahlumelo cm ukusuka izithole ukufumana ngqo kwi nut emngxunyeni uzilungiselele saa emacaleni, emphethweni ..

Ebudeni beminyaka yokuqala emhlabeni evulekileyo izithole ukukhula ngokucothayo. Ukuze ukhule imfuyo, uthabathe ukuya kwiminyaka-3, kwaye ukulima izithole Anut ezifanelekileyo ekutyaleni egadini, nto leyo yenze kuthathe 5-7 Pet.

Ngoko ke, indlela esebenzayo ngakumbi kuthathwa ukuba izithole ezikhulayo zefilimu greenhouse effect. Kulo mzekelo, emva rootstocks eqhelekileyo ngonyaka imveliso efikelela 55-60%, kunye ne-2-ikhula ngonyaka-90% ye izithole ubulungeleyo ukwazisana egadini kwi a rhoqo.

izithole Iziqhamo ziqale kwiminyaka emalunga 8-12.

kulinywe Industrial of Anut yokumilisela

Enye yeendlela eziphambili andise kwezityalo of Anut nto yavelisa amagqabi endle. yavelisa amagqabi ixesha elimiselwe sum of amaqondo obushushu abangenagama ngemihla (kufuneka ibe ngaphezulu 10 ° C). Ixesha eliphezulu yavelisa amagqabi - iintsuku 12-16, izinga iphile 60-90% amehlo.

Anut imveliso enjalo indlela yokuzala kuyimfuneko ukuba kulondolozwe ezintle iimpawu kamama emthini iziqhamo.

Ekubeni Anut uye izintso kunokuba omkhulu, xa Ukuchumisa kuthatha i uqweqwe caba eyandisiweyo ukuba ngexesha prizhivaniya iliso liya kubonelela isixa zalo ezifunekayo amanzi kunye nezondlo. imigomo isithuba polyethylene ubhinqe okanye PVC ifilimu.

Noko ke, nkqu ubusika hayi kubanda kakhulu malunga ne-90% yabo amathupha esekwe ukuba kuwa ngenxa yokuswela kwabo hardiness uyafa. Ngoko okulirovannye kuwa izithole, emva kokuwa amagqabi, Embe nokulondoloza yasentwasahlobo kwesakhiwo okanye ezinye yokugcina kubushushu omalunga 0 ° C.

Entwasahlobo, umhlaba emva ubilisa ku-10 ° C, okulyanty watyala ngqo kwindawo yokuthengisa izithole. Ekupheleni konyaka wokuqala yobudala efanayo bakhule 102-168 cm. Ngoku ke ezifanelekileyo ukutyala egadini.

Izitofu yenziwe ebusika kwaye kwaMba. Ukuze wenze oku, rootstocks kukho wemba ekwindla yaye zigcinwe zero prikopalis lobushushu kwigumbi elingaphantsi okanye ayincule nayiphi na ivenkile.

Ngendlela efanayo, kwaye izithole agcinwa Anut zikhiwa ekwindla. Phakathi-Matshi, nje malunga 15 iintsuku phambi kogonyo, rootstocks otyalwe ngengxowa zezindlu zeplastiki (ububanzi 10-15 cm, 20-25 ukuphakama cm) ezele kumhlaba ochumileyo yaye yatshintshelwa ongcolileyo apho Amazinga 24-25 ° C.

Izithole iintsuku ezimbalwa phambi kokuba kogonyo yaye zigcinwe gases esisesweni omanzi iyabiliswa.

Xa ukukhula nanyana nanzalo iqala, izityalo lukhuni, ngokwenjenjalo accustoming ukuba umoya ngaphandle kuyabanda kwaye imbalela. Emva kuneqabaka spring Ukuvalwa watyala ngqo kwindawo yokuthengisa izithole.

Kuba igqampe kwi rhoqo izithole efanelekileyo kwiminyaka emi-2. izityalo, bomiliselwa ziqala ukuthwala isiqhamo sele kwi kunyaka 3-4th emva kokutyala.

Space emthini

Phambi kokuqala imveliso Anut, kufuneka wenze isigqibo sokuba indlela uya kunikwa indawo kwixesha elizayo. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba umthi uya kuvelisa izivuno eziphezulu kuphela ekukhanyeni elungileyo, ngoko usenokuba ukuba badele imithi kufuphi ezikhulayo. Anut oneminyaka eli-25-30 ubudala ububanzi of the m isithsaba 8-12 (ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo iinkuni kunye nokuchuma komhlaba).

Planting nokukhula

Ukuba ugqiba ekubeni izityalo kumyezo Anut amandongomane, ukutyala, ukulima kunye ukuyilwa imithi abatsha kufuneka lwenziwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Khetha indawo engcono efanelekileyo ukuze kutyalwe.
• Wemba umhadi malunga ne-1 m ubunzulu.
• Umhlaba eseleyo emva ukombiwa, ugalelwe wamatye mabethunana kwi-mali ka-8-10 kg nezichumisi ezithile. Oku kwenziwa kuba iinkuni sonikezelo ilungileyo.
• Imbewu babekwa kubunzulu-15 cm. Kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba isiqhamo akuthethi walala phantsi kwicala ezibukhali webhu up. Kungenjalo, umthi ixesha elide akayi kuthwala iziqhamo.

Lo mzi-mveliso kufuneka alinywe ukuze ingcambu njengomqala yambathiswa umhlaba ngaphezulu kungekho kwe 4-5 cm.

Njani nezihlahla

Eyamkelekileyo uhlobo umqhele 3:

• bezyarusny,
• Superior-tiered.
• luphahlwe.

Kubalulekile ukuba wenze inqaku lencwadi bamasebe skeletal kwi kwenqanaba lokuqala, yaye ekugqibeleni umthi uza kuba nako ukuyila ngokugqibeleleyo ngokwayo. Ngelixa kuphuculwa longline-uhlobo isithsaba emva kokutyala ngesihlahla asisifutshane kancinane nomphakamo 130-140 cm. Kwixa elizayo, ezi Namagatya abaselula kufuphi buti (nomphakamo 90-100 cm) kuyimfuneko ukuba uyeke. Igcinwe zone isithsaba 3 okanye 4 amasebe icala ezimila kumacala ahlukeneyo, kunye umqhubi esembindini (komnyaka ulenze lufutshane 70-100 cm yayo ukwenza ezintlu yesibini).

lokucheba Eminye ikhutshwa phandle kuphela ngokususa lukhula ngaphakathi isithsaba kunye namasebe ezonakeleyo. It idla ngokwenziwa entwasahlobo.

ukunkcenkceshela

Anut production ibandakanya okunkcenkceshela umfana umthi zentlako-hlaza nezasehlotyeni, xa imfuneko sisekhona omkhulu umthamo wamanzi. On umthi nganye baya kuthatha malunga 3 amabhakethi amanzi nganye 1 macala onke. imitha emhlabeni. Tree amanzi amaxesha 2 ngenyanga. Imithi ngaphezulu 4 m ubude zinkcenkceshelwa ngaphantsi okukhulu.

lweehagu ukuqhuba

Imithi kufuneka umgquba amaxesha 2 ngonyaka - entlakohlaza nasekwindla. Entwasahlobo, ukwenza nitrogen isichumiso, kwaye ukuwa - potash ezizodwa kunye phosphate. imithi abadala kufuneka 7-8 kg ze ammonium nitrate, 9.8 kg superphosphate 2 kg potassium yetyuwa.

Qokelela iziqhamo

Sele saxubusha oko ubandakanya Anut. Ukukhula nokunyamekela imithi kananjalo ezichazwe kuthi. Ngoku makhe sithethe lokuvuna.

Ithuba yokuqokelela weminoti kumiselwa phezu pericarp eluhlaza. Xa uqala ukuqhekeza, unako iqale ukwakha. Emva kokuba isityalo 'ukuvunwa, iziqhamo Kucetyiswa ukuba babathabathe babe ngeveki iwayini. Emva koko ke kuya kuba lula ukuba ukucoca saza satshintsha yi ese exolweni zazibomvu.

Ngoko ke, ebudeni ukucocwa weminoti hayi izandla zakho zimdaka, kufuneka banxibe iiglavu zerabha. Iziqhamo ibe omninzi ayodini, ngoko ke izandla abamnyama. Emva yokucoca nati kufuneka zihlanjwe ngamanzi yomile elangeni.