Ukuthumela izandla zakho. Ingcingo indlu: izixhobo, iintambo zombane yemizobo

Ukuba nokufakelwa wakho kufuneka kufakwe ixesha elide, ngoko ke lo mcimbi kufuneka lubanjwe ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Kunqweneleka ukuba ungqamane kwesi sifundo kuncendile ukulungisa la maziko. Sinokuthi awayezinxibile lakhe utshintsho ngezandla akulula kangako. Ngokuqhelekileyo, eli shishini kufuneka zithathwe kuphela xa kukho imali eyaneleyo kwi uncedo lobungcali. Amaxabiso Umyinge kwi Russian Federation ngekota 1. ilungiselelo imitha ingcingo indlu evela engange-800 nangaphezulu.

"Golden" umgaqo

Phambi kokuba uqale kufuneka ufunde imigaqo esisiseko umsebenzi wofakelo. Akukho okunzima apha, kodwa kufuneka ngokuthe ngqo yaze yazalisekiswa. Enye yezi mfuno - esikhundleni wire aluminiyam ngobhedu. Okwesibini - ukutshintsha inkqubo amandla. Apha oko kwakuthetha Ukufakela earthed cala kwi wokhuseleko lwabathengi nozinzo. Kwaye ke imfuneko lokugqibela - sebenzisa iintambo amasebe ezahlukeneyo endaweni ingcingo eyayizalwa.

Yona-aluminiyam, kuye ithandwa kakhulu kwi imi--1930-1970 ngenxa yezizathu eziliqela. Okokuqala, yena kugqalwa izinto nokusingqongileyo, yaye okwesibini - a kunokuba cheap yaye zifikeleleke kuluntu. Kodwa kungekudala kwacaca ukuba ukuze kulawulwe kubhetele ukuba ukuyisebenzisa. Oku kungenxa zinto zilandelayo:

• Kangangeminyaka engama-20, ukusetyenziswa-aluminiyam iintambo zombane, kuba ethe-ethe kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba iinkqubo imichiza. Ngenxa yoko, iintambo ayikho nje ezingakhuselekanga, kodwa elithile yingozi.
• Xa aluminium liba manzi, inkqubo nokumelana galvanic iqala. Oku kukhokelela ukutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo macingo likaxakeka.
• nabo aluminium zithathwa njengomnye bengenakuthenjwa. Okokuqala, izinto kunzima kakhulu solder, yaye okwesibini - luyingozi.

into enye

Njengoko kuba wesekethe umbane lisetyenziswa kumaxesha Soviet, TN-C akukho mgaqweni. Ngaphezu koko, ekupheleleni kwemihla Kwakudala wasebenzisa kuba kulungile, kodwa kuba inokubanceda umbane abantu ababehlala kakhulu ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imigca-elide umgama kunye nesinyithi imali eninzi. Uyakwazi ukuthetha ngaloo nto ngoku eRashiya kukho inani elikhulu izakhiwo ezinemigangatho ukuya iintambo umzobo TN-C, ukuba nje ungrounded. Ukusebenzisa kwisazobe ekukhuseleni yabemi TN-CS, ukhuseleko umsebenzisi kunokuzuzwa nokuba imeko iintambo. Amaxesha amaninzi le ngongoma uvikivwa abasemagunyeni kwiidolophu, ngoko ukuhlanganisa izandla zabo, walimisa.

Ke ukuba scheme razvetlitelnoy, kukwayinto entle umlinganiselo kuyimfuneko. Kakuhle eli nkqubo yonke yaba yokuba ziyatyeba (central) ucingo oludityaniswe yokuhlala. Le bifurcation yafakwa kwi kwiibhokisi lonikezelo. Inani elikhulu ilenze, ezinjengeetheminali kunye nezinye iindlela nisondelelane kukhokelele kwinto yokuba ezi sayithi asesichengeni ngenxa zibenze ukufuma kunye usambathisa. Ngoko ke, iintambo yenziweyo ngezandla zabo namhlanje noko ngolunye uhlobo. Ukusuka iqela ngalinye igalelo intambo omnye-sifuba, ngaphandle yokwambathisa ezinjengeetheminali.

Ingcingo kule ndlu izandla zakhe: amanyathelo umsebenzi

Ukuchitha ixesha umsebenzi wofakelo, kwakunye neendleko zemali lincipha kakhulu. Kodwa ke kuyafuneka ukuba zilandele ngqo le iteknoloji kwaye ulandele imiyalelo. Wonke umsebenzi lungahlulwa-hlulwa zibe ngamanqanaba amahlanu:

• circuit zophuhliso;
• umzobo up isicwangciso kunye nokwamkelwa kwalo, njengokuba kweentambo ezivunyiweyo kunye yesekethe;
• isixhobo wokulungisa zokwexeshana;
• imisebenzi ufakelo;
• iindlela ufakelo: itshintshela, neziseko, njl

Ngaphambi kokuba uqalise umsebenzi wofakelo Kucetyiswa ukwenza isiseko kunye shwaka. Iintambo zombane iingcingo zombane indlu lwenziwa kwinqanaba yokugqibela kunye nokuphelela ethile ayikho. Kodwa nayiphi na imeko singakwazi ukuthetha ngayo imali ebonakalayo. Ukuba ingcingo eflethini ngezandla zakhe uya kubulawa ngokupheleleyo, kufuneka uthenge kuphela umbandela, yaye le 65% yokonga. Ukuba nayiphi na inxalenye yalo msebenzi uya siphathiswe ukuba iingcali, ungenza ulindele 20-50% yokonga.

amandla Driving

Inani kwi candelo nje ngenjongo yokwazisa. Noko ke, icebo elinjalo inyanzelekile, yaye kunzima ukwenza ngaphandle. Ngokubhekisele ngokwemigaqo, into yokuqala ufuna ukuqonda oko kubo: KWA - ekhawuntaleni kunye RCD - isixhobo intsalela yangoku. Lo mzobo ubonisa ukuba-line olulodwa umzobo kweentambo kusetyenziswa. Amahobe ngodwi elibhalwe ngokumileyo kumgca ithi endaweni intambo omnye, kukho ezimbini: lesigaba kunye cala. Bona wabeka kunye. Ukuba usebenzisa ucingo ontlantlu-ntathu, oodwi ezintathu.

Naluphi na ulungiselelo nokufakelwa kwezo alungiselelwe kwiimfuno zakho. Umzekelo, ukuba isigqibo yokwabelana indlela iingcingo phezu amanqaku. Xa kunjalo, kububulumko ukuba ukuzoba ipateni yakho, nkqu ngokwesiseko zokugqibela. Xa Konke kungalungi, umsebenzi kungashiywa ukuba iingcali. Uya kudinga idatha yoqobo, ngoko ke isixa umsebenzi mkhulu ngokwaneleyo. Noko ke iintambo ngezandla zakhe akukho eyenziwa ngaphandle schema pre-phambili.

Indlela ukucinga ngayo umbane?

kweentambo olufanelekileyo usoloko isekelwe amandla ekhethiweyo. Umzekelo, kwi zokuhlala cottage ekhutshwe umda we 10-20 kW, kodwa ke amagumbi azikho ummangaliso onjalo ukuze ubone. Ukuba indlu endala, kwaye iintambo na apho kusekho eSoviet, amandla siphezulu uya kuma kwicingo - 1,3 2,5 kW. Ukuba akukho off oluzenzekelayo, izixhobo ezininzi kakhulu ngamandla kuya kukhokelela ekubeni iintambo liya kuzitshisa ngomlilo. Ukuba kukho umatshini efakwe kwi emnyango, uya kusoloko ndinkqonkqoza. Kodwa kukhuselekile bathi 2 kW odla mihla - nto incinane kakhulu, ngoko isiseko ukubala kuyimfuneko ukubeka umda ubuncinane 4.3 kW ngamandla. Kulo mzekelo, iingcingo kufuneka ubambe. Ngaphezu koko, akukho nto yemisebenzi randomness. It sikuko ukuba zonke izixhobo ekhaya ngexesha elifanayo omnye ayibandakanyi, oko kukuthi, ukuba uqale yokuhlanjwa, oko akuthethi akuthethi ukuba uza kuqhuba i vacuum cleaner, iketile, umoya, njalo-njalo

idatha Technical ngokuba izindlu ka 40-100 yezikwere ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Main circuit A kwi 25-32 (kuxhomekeke kubukhulu). Kule coil factor yokhuseleko kufuneka ibe ubuncinane 1.3 A hayi ngaphezulu kwe-1.5 A.
• izixhobo yangoku ntsalela (RCDs) - 50A.
• Ukuba uye ekhitshini kwamasebe amabini 4 mm ² icandelo kunye umpu 25 A no-50 A RCD ukuba isebe ngalinye.
• Moya (Ukuba lukhona) - icandelo wire 2.5 mm ^2, umatshini - 16A, 20A kwi-RCD.
• Indlela yokuphuma yesebe kunye nezibane neziphaluka ifuna ukusetyenziswa iingcingo 2.5 mm ^2. Kulo mzekelo, ungenza ntoni ngaphandle matshini. Enyanisweni, kunye nolwazi zonke ezi data enokwenziwa uqhagamshelo kweentambo.

nokulungiswa kwesicwangciso

Ingcingo kule ndlu izandla zakhe iqala ulungiselelo kwesicwangciso. Yonke lento iqala nesibakala sokuba Isibali kwigumbi elinye kwamasebe amabini. Omnye wabo - iintambo neziseko, kwaye eyesibini - ukukhanya. AC igalelo kwigumbi lokuhlambela - sukuba ezinzima kufuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo. Kodwa inyathelo lokuqala kukuchonga isibane kwindawo uguqulelo ekhuselekileyo (amanzi).

Isicwangciso wabo kuphela ngabo masebe apho ukuya ufakelo ezisisigxina, ezifana neziseko, itshintshela, uhlobo zombane zokubhala, njl Hi ndlela leyi, izakhiwo ezisisigxina kufuneka ibandakanye abo emibonweni ezizinzileyo okanye ikhuthazwa uxhulumaniso osisigxina. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka inikwe izinto ezongezelelweyo, leyo ngoku ungathanda kakhulu ukwenza isicwangciso. Apha sithetha izibane LED isilingi, ezahlukeneyo ithwele nezintya ulwandiso ibhalkhoni. Konke oku nzima kakhulu le nkqubo kunye clutters, kunye nokuhlolwa akamkeli intshayelelo enjalo. Khumbula umthetho esisiseko - iintambo endlwini ngezandla zakhe ayenzelwanga ukubamba amasebe ukuya balcony, loggia, njl Le ephule le æ.

Iingcingo zombane ikwenze nge amagumbi

Ngoko ke, ngoku lixesha lokuba kubonelela nqanawa egumbini ngalinye. Le ubunzima inkulu lokuhlambela. Kulula ukuba ndiyaqonda ukuba lo igumbi nokufuma phezulu, ngoko imiqathango yokhuseleko apho kufuneka ngokuthe ngqo. Ukongeza, ukuba kumgangatho iya batshize ngamanzi, yaye le ndoda ezikucaphukisa kakhulu, uxhathiso waso uba ezincinane. ukhatywa ngumbane kulo mzekelo kunokukhokelela ekufeni, kwaye nkqu RCD ayiyi kunceda apha.

Njengokuba sele sitshilo, umsebenzi uya kuba kakhulu. Kufuneka uqale nesibakala eguqula ngokupheleleyo Ukubiyelwa kumatshini ibhoyila kunye nokuhlamba, ishawari, njl ixesha elide. Emva koko, le iingcingo ngalo plinth kunye imingxuma eludongeni zenziwa ngaphandle ekhitshini. Kufuneka kubekho estrip na igunya "umphelo" imo inxulumanisa kumatshini wokuhlamba kunye isifudumezi-manzi. Le kwiindawo zokubeka eseleyo ukufaka nantoni na. La manyathelo alula nga ukunciphisa ingozi usiva ukuba zero, njengoko ingcingo kungafihlwa yaye noqhagamshelo ziya kuba kwelinye igumbi. Phambi kokuba ukufeza iintambo, khangela iintambo ecetywayo. Lo mba uphambili wasebenzisa ekhuselweyo wire ezintathu-USB.

Yona yangasese, kulula. Ukukhanyisa inikezelwa kwisebe elinye. Ukongeza, indlu yangasese kunye ngumnyhadala yangasese zingadityaniswa kwi series, akukho nto iphosakeleyo ngaloo nto.

Ikhitshi kunye namanye amagumbi

Le ikhitshi kuya kufuneka ukuba ukwaba amasebe amabini. Omnye uya ukusebenzisa indlu yangasese. Kunqweneleka ukuba ukukhetha ucingo kunye necandelo cross-4 mm ^2. izixhobo ezisetyenziswa iyafana nje kwigumbi lokuhlambela. Ezinye Umahluko kwi amanqaku udibaniso. Kitchen kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa ezimbini iplagi kathathu. Kubo ziya kusebenza kuzo zonke izixhobo zombane: njengesicocisi, oveni yombane, iketile yombane, microwave, njl Ukongezelela, kwenye neziseko zephetshana amandla liqhagamshelaniswe kwigumbi lokuhlambela. Njengokuba indawo zokuphuma, apha ukhululekile ukuba azikhethele ngokwakho. Uyacetyiswa ukuba ukuzihlela kude iqokobhe kunye neendawo apho kubakho ukuvuza kwamanzi.

Kwi nyoba kunye epasejini yile kwamasebe amabini: elinye - ngamashishini, wesibini - on zokukhanya. Ukuba amanqaku zokukhanyisa ezininzi (spotlight), ngoko ngamnye wabo baye ukhokelo lwakhe. Kwigumbi yabantwana zonke ngokufanayo, kodwa utshintsho olukhulu enye kuphela - lo walivala ithende kufuneka babe disc yokhuselo, ezitshixwayo kukhethwa kunye isitshixo. zikagesi kwelinye igumbi (igumbi lokuhlala, igumbi lokulala, njl) lwenziwa ngendlela efanayo. Ngokubanzi, 2,-3 enegumbi kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa malunga 15 amasebe.

Indlela ukujonga uhlobo le intambo?

Kakade ke, kufuneka ukhethe i wire elifanelekileyo nokufakelwa. Oogqirha abaninzi yaleza ukuba zincede zikhethe NYM. Le ngentambo yaseYurophu eninzi, leyo, enyanisweni, hayi kulungile. Inyaniso yokuba iimfuno zobugcisa ukuba ufakelo akavumeli ingcingo eziphathekayo emanzi. Uyavuma, akukho siqinisekiso sokuba ubume eziphathekayo ziza kugcinwa eyomileyo. Kulungile ke ukuba zincede zikhethe cable zasekhaya. Iinketho ziqhelekileyo - VVG kunye SPAP. I wokuqala ubushushu ethembekileyo kunye ixabiso eliphezulu. Okwesibini - ukhetho ngakumbi mali, nto leyo, xa ifakwe kakuhle akuyi kuba izikhalazo. Zonke iinketho single-core. Ngogesi bangathi kwangoko oko, bathi, ayikho naxhala. Noko ke, ingongoma apha kukuba intambo multi-core eludongeni, kakhulu, akadinwa naziphi na iziqinisekiso, kodwa intengo izihlandlo eziliqela ngaphezulu. Xa usebenzisa SPAP USB, usenokudibana ingxaki. Oku kubangelwa ngqongqo le wire. Kodwa a ngenyameko ethile unako ukukwenza oko. Ukuba uthumela ngezandla zakhe, ngoko, xa kunjalo, kubalulekile ukulungiselela imingeni uze banandiphe isiphumo.

isiphelo

Musa ukulibala ukuba phambi kokuba nawuphi na umsebenzi kuyimfuneko ukuba aqhawule ngokupheleleyo indlu. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, wajika emphethweni ngomhla okanye nangaphandle umatshini. Kodwa kulo mzekelo, kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba ucingo de-amandla ngalo naliphi na ixesha ukuze babe ubomi. Ngenxa yesi sizathu elula, kufanele nigcine imithetho engundoqo yokhuseleko: musa ukuchukumisa intambo ubuze amalungu omzimba, nempahla.

Yona shtrobleniya, oko kungatya ixesha elide, umsebenzi ezinothuli nomsindo. Stroebe, ngasendleleni, kufuneka ibe ngqongqo nkqo okanye nkqo. Yenza iindlela uthambekele bengengabo nezingakhuselekanga kuphela, kodwa ezingenamsebenzi. Ukongeza, khangela nabamelwane ukuthintela nabani na kubo.

Iingcingo - enye izifundo ezininzi ezingundoqo Inqanaba lokugqibela le-msebenzi. Complex akukho nto. Linganisa ngaphandle amaqhekeza cable corrugation, ngoko kubhaliwe kuyazanywa saa phantsi. Iziphelo iingcingo kwi neziseko emhlabeni kufakwa emngxunyeni. Onke amangenelo kufuneka ikhatshwe putty lelabhastile Stroebe (50 cm). Musa ukulibala ukuba kwiingcingo evulekileyo kwigumbi lokuhlambela ayamkelekanga. Ukugcina zonke ezi mfuno zilapha ngasentla, uyakwazi inxalenye okanye ngokwabo benze umsebenzi wofakelo kunye zikagesi. Ngoko ke nje kuphela ukugcina, kodwa kwakhona ukufumana amava abalulekileyo.