Kale: banga, inkcazelo, ukutyala kunye nokhathalelo

Kale - yenye izityalo emifuno ezinkulu ulinywa kwiindawo zokuhlala ezisezidolophini. Isityalo iluncedo kakhulu yaye kuyimfuneko, ngoko makhe sithethe malunga nendlela akhule kuyo.

A incinane

Kale fanele ukuba usapho lwemostade, ziphantsi lwemostade, theniphu, rutabaga, isithombo, isithombo. EYurophu, Asia and Central Asia, ummandla weMeditera esizigubungeleyo iintlobo-50 kule ntsapho.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ukutya ikhaba, lukhule ngamaYiputa amandulo, amaRoma kwanamaGrike. Kuye ube ukutya kutyiwa iminyaka engamawaka amane eyadlulayo. Kuthi kale esuka eNtshona Yurophu wabuyiswa kwi zebhola of Kievan Rus (XIII leminyaka). Kunika umdla ukuba inkcubeko ngenkulungwane XVIII ngokuqinileyo wangena endleleni Russian yobomi, nokuba ukuqala isiko elitsha kunye ukuvuna oko ngenxa ebusika emva Orthodox umthendeleko yokuphakanyiswa (Septemba 27).

ngxilimbela Modern namabakala best

Ukuba ucinga ngayo, kuba kucacile ukuba khaphetshu elula sisiseko abaninzi izidlo zethu. Thina baqhele kakhulu ukuba nkqu uqaphele ukuba zisetyenziswa njani.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba esoloko ukuzala ukufumana ibhastile nto leyo iintlobo ezintsha, athembisayo. Noko ke, ungalahli begadi zabo ukufaneleka kunye ntlobo elungileyo ubudala, sele kudala waphumelela uvavanyo.

Zonke iintlobo zekhaphetshu yahlulwe ekuqaleni-ivuthwa, phakathi-ngexesha nasemva kwexesha. Sifuna ukuba zazise le ilungileyo, ngokutsho iingcali, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku esiXhoseni.

Early-nokukhulisa:

1. NgoJuni - ezahlukeneyo ultra-fast. isifo Sredneustoychiva. ukucoca abandulelayo kunokukhokelela ngokuhlaziya yeentloko.
2. Transfer F1 - ekhulisa kwi iintsuku 120.
3. Copenhagen Market - ivuthwa emva kweentsuku 115.
4. Ditmarskaya ekuqaleni - ukukhula zobugcisa kuza emva kweentsuku 115-120.
5. Golden ha-1432. Ukusuka kokutyala ukuze isivuno udlula iintsuku 102-110.

Mid-grade

Fumana isivuno esihle ikhaphetshu zivuthwe liya kuba ekukhuliseni esixhoseni ezifana:

1. Gift. Ikota yokukhula - iintsuku 130.
2. Menza F1. Kuvuthwa iintsuku 115.
3. Uzuko-1305. Ukusuka kokutyala ukuze isivuno ukwenzeka iintsuku 137.
4. Uzuko Gribovskaya-231. Kuvuthwa iintsuku 125.
5. Caporali F1. Ikhula ukusuka kwiintsuku ezingama-90 ukuya 100.

iintlobo emva kwexesha

iintlobo lwamva ithandwa kakhulu ugcino lwexesha elide kunye workpiece, ulondolozo:

1. Amager.
2. Gingerbread Man F1.
3. Valentina F1.
4. Biryuchekutskaya-138.

nokutshala imbewu

Kucacile ukuba umgangatho khaphetshu ixhomekeke imbewu. Kufuneka uthathe uxanduva ekufunyanweni kwabo. Nakuba kunjalo, kufuneka isigqibo phambi kokuba uthenge, nini kwaye yintoni injongo xa unokuyifuna. Ke ungenza isigqibo sokuba luhlobo luni iisuti ngcono: kwexesha, ekuqaleni okanye phakathi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuba abantu bakhule ngokwakho inkcubeko, kugxininiswa wemveliso ebusika. Kwaye phakathi kwangoko kwaye ityalwe hi mpimo lowutsongo. Kufuneka baqonde ukuba iinkcubeko yokuqala ayifanelekanga ukuba isetyenziselwe okusilelayo, ukuba abakwazi ubuxoki elide. Mid-grade efanelekileyo ukuze zombini ukusetyenziswa IiReggaeton yityuwa. Kaloku, ngokuba ukugcina ebusika kufuneka usebenzise iintlobo ebusika.

ikhaphetshu Early ifakwa ekuqaleni Matshi, kodwa ungadlulanga umhla wamashumi amabini. iintlobo Medium ityalwa emva April 25. Ekupheleni kuka-ukutyalwa inkcubeko ukususela kwimihla yokuqala ka-Aprili. Ukususela mzuzu ukuba imbewu kuhlwayelwa phambi zokulala idlule, ngokuqhelekileyo 45-50 imihla.

Kale - lo inkcubeko, nto leyo ifuna kakhulu malunga nokuqulunqwa zomhlaba. Ngoko ke, kungcono ukuba silungiselele kusengaphambili. Kufuneka ezixutywe alinganayo umhlaba Turf kunye nomgquba. Lo mxube songezwa ash (1 tbsp. Spoon nganye 1 ikhilogram womhlaba) eziya kwenza njengoko magciwane kunye nomthombo lweziqalelo, azafunyanelwa ndawo. Oku kuya kunceda ukuba sixhathise ukubonakala sifo ezifana blackleg, kwizityalo abaselula.

Unako kwakhona ukulungiselela umxube kunye nokwakheka encinane eyahlukileyo, umzekelo, ngokusekelwe nja-. Alinako kusetyenziselwa utyala imbewu emhlabeni ukusuka egadini, apho kumila uhlobo kale okanye enye cruciferous amathuba abakhulu iintsholongwane, nto leyo kutshabalalisa izithole.

Phambi ngokuhlwayela imbewu kufuneka kufudunyezwe imizuzu engamashumi amabini emanzini. Emva koko eqhelekileyo bewuhlisele babo emanzini abandayo. Le ndlela elula kuphucula imbewu omzimba kwizifo ezinzwaneni. Inkqubo phambi kokutyala ikhaphetshu? Kungcono bathele iimbewu kwi stimulator ukukhula ( "Silk", "Appin", "Humate"). Phambi kokutyala, ilizwe kufuneka amanzi kakuhle kwaye akukho kuphinda humidify ukuya mzuzu ude ubone ikhaba. Imbewu ifakwa unzulu sentimitha ngaphantsi kwesinye. Ke iibhokisi eziphezulu begqubuthele ngefoyile ye ukuthintela komisa ngumphunga kakhulu. Izityalo kufuneka igcinwe kwiqondo lobushushu degrees mabini.

ukufumana thombo

Amahlumelo Okokuqala kufuneka avele ngeentsuku 4-5. Emva koko ke ifilimu zisuswe nokunciphisa iqondo lobushushu isiqulatho ukuya izinyuko ezilishumi. Phantsi kweemeko ezinjalo, izityalo kufuneka, kude kube lokuqala okwenyaniso amagqabi zekhaphetshu. Ke izithole zigcinwa kwiqondo lobushushu 18 degrees, kufuneka rhoqo lidlale. Ngeli xesha awukwazi kumthululela okanye kumhlaba overdry. Inkqubo sprout emva kokuhluma? Izityalo kufuneka kugalela ngenyameko isisombululo ezibuthathaka sulphate manganese okanye ubhedu.

Njengoko izithole emanzini?

Emva kweveki enesiqingatha emva ukuvela kwegqabi yemifuno ikhaphetshu emanzini, kuba izityalo kufuneka indawo enkulu kuphuhliso eqhelekileyo. Phambi kuhlwayelwe umhlaba ubunamanzi kakuhle. Ngaphezu koko, isithombo ngalinye kuthathwa kunye ngentlama lomhlaba kuthenwa yi ingcambu wesithathu. Zifakwe ntwenini na ukuvuleka ngendlela kwitoti kunye mxube. Unga kuhlwayela imbewu ekuqaleni xa imbiza ngamnye, ngoko akuyomfuneko ukuba ukuntywila izithole. Izityalo ezivela Izikhongozeli ngamnye lula ngoko zilinywe kuwo wona umhlaba evulekileyo, abaqiniseki ngokwasemphefumlweni.

Phambi kokutyala ikhaphetshu emhlabeni evulekileyo kuyimfuneko kwisithuba seeveki ezimbini umsindo wakhe. Ukuze wenze oku, pholisa le igumbi, uze uqale ukwenza izityalo kwi kwivaranda.

Ikhaphetshu: kokutyala, ukuchumisa

Izithole etyalwe kwindawo evulekileyo ngexesha xa sele amaphetshana ezintlanu okanye ezisixhenxe, ukuphakama ifikelela iisentimitha 12-20. Iimpawu ezinjalo iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ukufikelela ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, ekuqaleni ukulungele ekuqaleni kuka May, lo gama phakathi kwexesha - ekupheleni kwenyanga enye okanye phakathi ku-Juni.

Phambi zekhaphetshu etyalwe kwindawo evulekileyo, ndilungisele indawo elungileyo yona. Kufuneka ube enelanga. iintlobo Early abakhetha umhlaba oyisanti novunduvundu, nangenxa zomhlaba oludongwe emva kwexesha kwaye ophakathi efanelekileyo novunduvundu. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba izityalo ngokucacile hayi emhlabeni asidi ezifanelekileyo. Ukongeza, ukulinywa inkcubeko ayikwazi mayikhutshwe xa umhlaba bacteriosis zingcoliswe (iminyaka esibhozo). Kwakhona ikhaphetshu enqwenelekayo etyalwe kuloo mimandla apho wakhulela kumaxesha kutshanje kwezinye cruciferous (umnqathe, isithombo, umnqathe, isithombo).

Umhlaba sikulungele kwangaphambili, ukuqala ekwindla. Earth ukuba dig kwi umhlakulo onencula, washiya ukuchitha ubusika. kumphezulu wayo akuyomfuneko ukuba ukulungelelanisa, Izitenxo vuyelo lebyinene eka inkqubo nokugcinwa ukufuma. Kwentwasahlobo xa ikhephu linyibilike, umhlaba endaweni kunye iharika, kususwe ukhula kuqala.

iintlobo Early ezityalwe kumgama ngeesentimitha eziyi-50 ukuya 60, yaye emva kwexesha kunye ophakathi - kumgama 60 ukuya 70. zezityalo ashinyeneyo kakhulu akufuneki kubekwa, ngenxa yokuba kufuneka eninzi ukukhanya nendawo.

Amaqula kufuneka wenze ngaphezu neengcambu izityalo. umngxuma nganye kufuneka kwambatha neqaqobana umgquba, isanti, wamatye, ngamashumi omahlanu iigrem uthuthu ½ netispuni nitrophosphate. Konke oku ngokugqithiseleyo anele. Okulandelayo, izityalo zityalwa ngendlela yokuba amagqabi asezantsi ezibe kumgangatho omnye emhlabeni.

Kale: Care

Emva kokutyala zekhaphetshu kufuneka kuqala ukubukela, njengoko uya kwendelisela iingcambu. Kusenokufuneka ukuba pritenit okwethutyana nje kancinane. Ngexesha le veki, kungcono ukunkcenkceshela izityalo ngokuhlwa nganye. Ebino elizayo izithole akunjalo nzima. Yena uya nokuhlakula, bezikhulule kunye umhlaba, emikhumbini yamanzi, unyango kwizifo kunye nezinambuzane, yokuvundisa rhoqo.

Emva kweeveki ezintathu emva kokutyala kwizityalo ekhanyayo kufuneka endulini. kweentsuku ezilishumi emva koko, le nkqubo liphindwe.

ukunkcenkceshela

Ukuze ukhule isivuno esihle ikhaphetshu, kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba bagcine indlela yokunkcenkceshela. Yena ufuna amanzi amaninzi. Kungcono ukunkcenkceshela izityalo ngokuhlwa. Kubushushu obuphantsi ngokwaneleyo ukwenza kube kanye ngeveki, kodwa ashushu ukuxovwa imozulu kufuneka zonke iintsuku ezimbini okanye ezintathu wenziwe.

Ngokusesikweni, emva yamanzi ngamnye kufuneka athambise umhlaba. Iingcali ngokubanzi bacebisa ukuchitha mulching kunye umgquba (kweesentimitha ukuya ezintlanu ububanzi), nto leyo inceda ukugcina ukufuma komhlaba kwaye ngaxeshanye owondla izityalo.

Indlela yokuqhuba ukudla?

Le lokunxibela yokuqala ikhutshwa phandle kweentsuku ezilishumi emva kokuba izityalo emanzini. Kulo mxube itshitshisiwe emanzini, 2 grams isichumiso potash, superphosphate kunye 4 grams amabini iigrem ammonium nitrate. izixa ezinjalo kwezinto iqhawulwa ilitha enye yamanzi. Le ulwelo ngokwaneleyo ukondla izityalo 50-60.

Ezi izichumisi ezilandelayo isetyenziswe kwiiveki ezimbini. Oku isebenzisa kuqulunqo efanayo. Ukuba uphawula yellowing kwezityalo abaselula, kufuneka ukuba wayinkcenkcesha nesisombululo komgquba engamanzi (1:10). Enye lokunxibela lwenziwa phambi kokutyala ikhaphetshu emhlabeni. Kuba yayo nitrate ukusetyenziswa Ammonium (3 g), superphosphate (5 grams) kunye potassium isichumiso (8 grams). Awona macandelo iqhawulwa ilitha yamanzi. Umanyolo uncedo ahlale phantsi le khaphetshu emhlabeni evulekileyo. Ukuba silungise yokulungiselela isicombululo, unako ukuthenga isichumiso ebizwa ngokuba "Kemira Suite".

ukutyebisa izityalo kwisigaba isithombo, uza kubonelela ukukhula ngokukhawuleza ngakumbi kwixesha elizayo.

Uqwalaselo isiko

Emva undlala ikhaphetshu bazigalela uthuthu ogalelwe yecuba uthuli. Oku kuya kunceda ukukhusela izityalo ezincinci bhungane yintwala imigca. Zinambuzane ubambekile ukusebenzisa njengoko khaphetshu Kusekho kutya kutyiwa. Kukho iindlela ezilula ukuze sizikhusele izinambuzane ngaphandle kokusebenzisa "chemistry."

Kombungu kunye iintwala yatshabalala wokutshiza emva nokuhlanganiswa: tops itumata (2 kg) lalizele ngamanzi (iilitha ezi-5) yaye ufakwa iiyure ezine. Emva koko, lo ulwelo isiphumo wabiliswa iiyure ezintathu, emva koko kufuneka uphole. Phambi ukusetyenziswa, oko exutywe namanzi (ratio - 1: 2). Ukuze kuziphelisa sathathwa kwisityalo, hayi nje lisehla, oko Ungadibanisa ya tar isepha.

Kwidabi lokulwa imibungu kunye iintwala zingasetyenziswa riki Ixolo, ukusuka apho ukulungiselela tincture. Ngokuba lo nelitha Chuba kugalela iilitha ezi-2 zamanzi abilayo kwaye ugxininise iintsuku ezimbini. Ewiliko ke ecociweyo, kongezwa iilitha ezimbini zamanzi kunye isepha engamanzi.

Iingcali bacebisa njengendlela kumzabalazo wokulwa izinambuzane ibekwe kufuphi zekhaphetshu lokutyala silumko, marigold, yekoriyandire, irozmeri, nebheyizile. Ezi zityalo dudula iintakumba, kungonakalisi nundu, iintwala.