Ukulungiswa Neuropsychological ebuntwaneni: uqheliso, ubuchule, imigaqo, izimvo

sifo Neuropsychological nokulungiswa abantwana babe ngabantu abakwizihlalo ophambili phakathi iinkalo ezinxulumene kwicandelo lophuhliso eqhelekileyo etenxileyo (ontogeny). Umsebenzi isekelwe phezu ingqiqo inkqubo olutshintshayo eyendawo kwemisebenzi eziphezulu kwengqondo. Namhlanje uxilongo neuropsychological nokulungisa ziyasebenza kwinqanaba entsha practical.

Iinjongo Iinjongo

uxilongo Neuropsychological nokulungisa kwabantwana ijolise:

1. Ukulinganisa izinga imisebenzi ndiseyimbumba ephakamileyo, ukufumanisa amathuba zembuyekezo.
2. Formation kunye nokuphuhliswa kweenkqubo kwengqondo intsilelo. Oku kuphunyezwa ngokuthembela amakhonkco bokwenene zigcinwa nokuseka intsebenziswano phakathi kwemisebenzi.

Points key

Xa iingcali zisekelwe kwimigaqo ethile wokulungiswa neuropsychological. Okokuqala, kufuneka uqonde ukuba ezi ndlela musa kuvela noqeqesho. Bacebise ukuyilwa imisebenzi ephambili neenkqubo eziyimfuneko ukuze phambili uphuhliso. Ukulungiswa luqala sesichengeni iziqalelo yangasemva. Ngoko ke, kukho nefuthe ngqo kwimisebenzi ukubunjwa deficiental. Le program kufuneka ziyilwe kuxhomekeke kubungakanani zophuhliso kweenkqubo kobuchopho. Vector ngokwakha imisebenzi - ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu, ekhohlo ukuya ekunene, ukusuka ngaphakathi ngaphandle. Imithetho yenkqubo internalization - ngokwesiseko lwenkqubo, ibanjwa kwi ulungiso Neuropsychological ebuntwaneni. Uqheliso lomsebenzi kufuneka ngokuthe ngcembe entsonkothileyo kakhulu, kwaye uncedo ngaphandle ngokuzalisa kwizabelo - ukunciphisa. Ngenxa yoko, umntwana esuka joint venture lokuzimela-ekhokelwa, kuqala eziku uze siphindwe uqeqesho. Le program kufuneka kubonelela ngoqeqesho ngohlobo imidlalo. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ekupheliseni kwempixano, sizimisele, ukuphucula ukwanela nokusebenza kwengqondo ngaphandle yokwenzakala.

Iimpawu zophuhliso inkqubo

iindlela ukulungiswa neuropsychological mazikhethwe ngamnye kumntwana ngamnye. Ukuze wenze oku, siya kwenziwa uhlalutyo yenkqubo data. Ukususela iimpawu noshowo imisebenzi ephakamileyo iza kuxhomekeka indlela yomsebenzi wokufundisa kwi sigulo yophuhliso. sifo Neuropsychological nokulungiswa yobuntwana eyenziwa ngokusekelwe izimvo abathathu iibhloko ezisebenzayo ingqondo (ngokuhambelana ne ingqikelelo A. R. Lurii). ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ihlawulwa ukusekwa yentsebenziswano hemispheric. Kuyimfuneko ukuba kwikhosi olunempumelelo lwazo zonke iinkqubo zengqondo.

Development of Sphere cognitive

lasungulwa iqala ngemihla yokuqala yobomi. Umntu wokuqala encinane idityanisiwe usapho (ikhaya) ubomi. Apha ifumana isixa omkhulu iminqweno: yena ubona abantu ngeenxa zonke kubo, ke esidla, yena uziva kwebala ahlukeneyo emzimbeni, uva amazwi, ingxolo, njl Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba yobudala ahlukeneyo abantwana zophuhliso yengqondo akulingani .. Umzekelo, ukuyilwa imisebenzi mafutha kakhulu ngokuzimisela kwiminyaka 1.5-2. Umntwana kule minyaka ukufunda ukumelana izinto, kunye imizimba yazo. Emva kweminyaka 1.5, isebenze uphuhliso intetho. Umntwana uqala ukwakha isigama, kwenzeka uphuhliso intetho ibinzana, ixesha imibuzo kunye nokudalwa lizwi. umsebenzi ngamnye ingqinelana ngonaphakade ezibuthathaka apho yenzeka kakhulu ngokuzimisela. Emva nokubunjwa kwayo, uqala ukwenza njengesiseko sophuhliso kwezi zilandelayo kubunzima kweenkqubo kwengqondo.

Origin block yobuchopho

Yena uthathwa amandla. Le yunithi lokuqala ithoni wacela nervous system, kusinceda sihlale kwindawo ngokupheleleyo uphaphama. umsebenzi okuqhelekileyo ephilayo kunokwenzeka kuphela xa ukusebenza kwawo izinzile. Ezenzeka ukuphazamiseka kwi imisebenzi ibloko yokuqala yengqondo musa ukuvumela umntwana ukuphumeza imisebenzi, ukuba enze nawuphi na umsebenzi, ukudlala.

umsebenzi Ukwehla

Le yenye iimpawu eziphambili ukuphazamiseka komsebenzi unit amandla engqondo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, lo mntwana akafuni, ayenzi umdla ezingqongileyo. yokuqonda kunye lakhe motor umsebenzi yinto encinci. kubaluleke kakhulu kule meko kuba ukulungiswa Neuropsychological ebuntwaneni. Imithambo mayibhekiswe nokukhuthaza umsebenzi weentshukumo ngu, (nezihlwabisayo, ezikhalayo, izinto ezibonwayo) indawo ngokweemvakalelo kwebala. Imidlalo wanikela umntwana kufuneka iqulathe iintshukumo ezinesingqi. Kulo mzekelo, ngokuqinisekileyo unyanzeliso ngokweemvakalelo. Kuba uvuselelo nazo kusetyenziswa aromatherapy, yokuthanjiswa, unyango amanzi. Umsebenzi Ukwanda umntwana zingafundiswa iimvakalelo nje kuphela ngamnye, kunye neenkqubo zawo zokuthathela letiya. Iziqalelo eziphambili osekelwe phezu siba ukulungiswa Neuropsychological ebuntwaneni - imithambo ezifuna umntwana ukugcina isingqisho ethile. Ngokomzekelo, ukuze sibe sihamba zomculo kubushushu kunikwa, evunyelwe isingqi phezu imizila igubu njalo njalo. Xa umntwana sele bafunda ukugcina isingqisho, wanikwa umsebenzi kwi shift wabo. Ngenxa yoko, yena uzama befuna utshintsho uze wenze oko. Iphepha kufuneka asebenzise ubuchule equka ukulungiswa ebanzi neuropsychological (inkqubo AV Semenovich). Ezi ziquka, ingakumbi, iquka imisebenzi ejolise ukuyilwa kunokuphefumla efanelekileyo. Yokucebisa imvelaphi amandla therapy umntwana uyakholiswa art aphenjelelwe.

Ulwazi block yobuchopho

Unoxanduva kokufumana, processing kunye nokugcina ulwazi. Imisebenzi izakhiwo analyzer komzimba ivumela umntu ukuva, yabona, khumbula lukwavelisa ulwazi uze uthelekise kunye data ekhoyo. Ukutyeshelwa kwalo yunithi avezwa imifanekiso yokuchonga embi okanye izinto ngokwenene. Kwiimeko kakhulu, umntwana ngisho eziqhelekileyo kuye zokudlala okanye izinto zasekhaya. Ukuba ukunyhashwa ahlobene imbono emanyelwayo, oko kakuhle abemi emajukujukwini, ngeke sikwazi ukubona umthombo isandi utshatise kunye nesifundo, leyo ishicilela. Xa Izitenxo lafaka kwi umntwana kwasekwa imbono egqwethekileyo umzimba, ukucola phantsi uphuhliso lwezakhono ecikizekileyo gross motor. Kuyaqapheleka ukusilela kwi kuququzelelo kweentshukumo.

ongaboniyo

Njengoko kwiimeko ezinjalo eyenziwa ukulungiswa Neuropsychological ebuntwaneni? Uqheliso lomsebenzi kufuneka bajolise ukuqaphela:

1. izinto Real. Ukuba umntwana ubunzima eqaphela.
2. imifanekiso ngokoqobo. Umntwana ufunda ukufumanisa imbalelwano phakathi umfanekiso kunye nenjongosenzi.
3. imifanekiso enomsindo. Xa umntwana sele bafunda ukuseka ubudlelwane phakathi kwezinto kunye nemifanekiso yabo, loo ngxaki intsonkothile. Yena wanikela wesakhiwo, ulwandlalo, imifanekiso abamnyama nabamhlophe okanye enomsindo.
4. Construction Image. Kulo mzekelo umntwana ukuba bafunda ukuqaphela umfanekiso Isiqwenga yayo.

Ukuphazamiseka okuqonda eziviwayo

Kulo mzekelo, neuropsychological ulungiso abantwana ukukhubazeka engqondweni iquka imisebenzi umahluko:

1. izandi lenta ngayo indalo. Utitshala ngethuba umdlalo esazisa umntwana ingxolo yamanzi, ezize iingcango, hit nezinto eziwayo, njalo njalo. Zonke ezi izandi itakane ungakha ezakho uze ufake, ngoko ke uqhagamshelwano phakathi intshukumo kunye ingxolo. Emva kweli banga kufuneka kuphuculwa umbono ukuva. isaphulelo Child izixhobo zomculo okanye zokudlala njalo njalo.
2. Speech okungafani izandi. Umntwana, funda ukwahlula iingxolo ezahlukeneyo babe nomdla kunye nentetho. Wayesazimisele asikwazi ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo amagama namabinzana, kodwa sele kwisimo ukwahlula phakathi izandi ezingafani. Ngokomzekelo, kwintetho abadala - izikhamiso consonants. Umntwana unokuthekelela, esondeleyo kuyo inyoka (isandi "sh-sh-sh") okanye inqwelo-moya ( "oo-oo-oo"). Emva lo msebenzi inzima. Umntwana efunda ukwahlula phakathi eduze ezinye izandi. Kwandula eklasini wangena umdlalo, apho eqalisa ukuba awathethe iisilabhili ezilula ( "ay", "bi-bi", njalo njalo). Nzima lo msebenzi apho umntwana efunda waqonde amazwi zahluke ngesandi esinye. Ngokomzekelo, yena wacela ukuba i "isitya" yaye "Bear" njalo njalo.

intetho ukuqonda

ukulungiswa Neuropsychological ebuntwaneni yenziwa ukususela kokulula ukuya koko kuntsonkothileyo. Okokuqala, umntwana ufundiswa ukuqonda amagama alula ngamnye. Ngesicelo omdala, unika umfanekiso okanye into ethile. Umntwana ke ufunda wokubona ulandele imiyalelo (nazo - ukususela kokulula ukuya koko kuntsonkothileyo; emibini okanye emithathu-isigaba). Kule nkqubo, kufuneka ibandakanye umthambo kwimeko playful. Kulo mzekelo, umntwana enze nawuphi na umsebenzi, yaye wenza isenzo.

disorder lafaka

Cinga, kulo mzekelo, ukulungiswa neuropsychological. Le mithambo wayifumana kwindawo yokuqala, kufuneka kubekho umsebenzi ukuya kuphuhliso oluvo, apho umntwana uza kufumana i imvakalelo yahlukile emzimbeni wakhe. Isiphumo imbono epheleleyo kuyo. Umntwana kufuneka aqonde ngokucacileyo apho naliphi na ilungu lomzimba, oko wenza ntoni, nto leyo ukusuka ingqiqo wetatshi kuvuka.

uphuhliso memory

Neuropsychological ulungiso kobunzima ekufundeni ebantwaneni ijolise ngokunikela ingqalelo yomntwana kwi kwisifundo esithile. Kokuma kubonisa ukuba xa ukuwisa izinto inkumbulo efunyenwe ngokusebenzisa ijelo elinye okuqonda, kukho ukukwazi ngokutsha data ezifunyenwe yi enye indlela. Ngamafutshane, umntwana lowo ukhumbula ulwazi embi kwi zetyala, ngokulula ukuzoba ngentloko imifanekiso 5-6. Kodwa ke amaxesha amaninzi abantwana abakwazi ukusebenzisa ezi zakhono. ukulungiswa Neuropsychological wenziwa kuthathelwa ingqalelo maxesha wophuhliso memory. Ekuqaleni, kubonakala phezu kwabantu kunye neziganeko anentsingiselo yovakalelo umntwana. Ngoko ke, kuqala phakathi kwabantu asazise unina, ngoko abo nawe bebalisa amava (nomntu ethanda ukudlala, umntu kuba esoyika). Iiseshoni Game kufuneka ukubethelela ulwazi kwimemori - ezilula lokuqala, ngoko ezintsonkothileyo. Ungasebenzisa ezahlukeneyo zemibongo, athintithisayo ulwimi, iingoma kunye nezinye izinto.

ingqalelo othile

Oku kubonakala kuzo zonke iinkalo zezinto ezenziwa. Umntwana akanako ukunikela ingqalelo nkqu phezu imidlalo umdla, yena baphazanyiswa nayiphi na ingxolo (umoya ngaphandle window, into bawile, njalo njalo.). ukulungiswa Neuropsychological nayo kuqhutywa ngexesha umdlalo. Okokuqala, le ngcali uyaphawula umntwana imisela izinto kunye zokudlala umdla kuye. Bayakwazi kutsala umdla yosana. Emva koko, lo mntwana ufunda ukuba baqwalasele ethile ngokufutshane umdlalo umdla. Owona mngeni uphambili apha kukuba ukugcina ingqalelo imizuzu embalwa. Utitshala usebenzisa le yenkuthazo olongezelelweyo. ukulungiswa abantwana neuropsychological Eminye luquka iiklasi ekusasazweni ingqalelo. Umzekelo, umntwana akabi wolenza elinye, kunye zokudlala ezimbalwa. Efunda ukuba ukusebenzisana nabo ngaxeshanye. Ngenxa yoko, lo mdlalo uba umdla ngakumbi. Emva koko, lo msebenzi ukuba lukhuni: ukuba abeke zokudlala ezimbalwa phambi kwakhe, kodwa kumacala ahlukeneyo, ukwandisa oko isithuba yokudlala.

ukulungiswa Neuropsychological: ncomo

Umntwana ungalawula kwi bume, ukuqonda ulwazi olutsha, basebenzisane nabanye abantu, ufanele ukugqiba umahluko kunye nokufana phakathi nokuhlalisana izinto, ukuze abe nako mabazihlele, ukufumana uqhagamshelwano phakathi kweziganeko. Uphuhliso lwemiboniso-motor yokucinga - mngeni wokuqala ubeka ukulungiswa neuropsychological. iingcali Izimvo kunye nabazali sicebisa ukuba ngethuba uqeqesho lwenzeka kwi umntwana:

1. ukusebenza Awareness izinto ezahlukeneyo.
2. Ukwenziwa izimvo malunga umahluko kunye nokufana phakathi izinto kunye nobukhulu bazo.
3. Ukuqonda ubudlelwane unobangela kunye nesiphumo phakathi kweziganeko.

Xa isenza imisebenzi ekuphuhliseni ubuchule nokuthelekelela lwendawo, kokuma zibonisa ukuba umntwana kwakheka ingqiqo mfanekiso, intloko kunye namazwi, wabonisa. Kwinqanaba nobunzima kakhulu, bazinzisa ubudlelwane phakathi mzekeliso kunye siganeko. Abo bantwana benu nina musani ukuyisebenzisa ukuthetha, ukufunda ukuveza iminqweno kunye Ngoncedo lwemifanekiso. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umntwana ufuna ukusela ngenxa yeminyaka, ibonisa umfanekiso omdala lwendebe, ukuba uhamba - Fashion mzekeliso njalo njalo. Le indlela yokucwangcisa ubomi kunye nonxibelelwano kusetyenziswa xa Ngokusebenza kunye nabantwana autistic. Ukongeza, umntwana uqala ukuqonda intsingiselo imifanekiso ingozi kunye series.

ibloko wesithathu palsy

Unoxanduva zokuhlela, ulawulo kunye nolawulo lwemisebenzi ezintsonkothileyo. Ngenxa kule yunithi inikwa yintlangano yokuziphatha esebenzayo abazi engqondweni, ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo kunye namanyathelo isicwangciso, ngokunjalo esweni ukusebenza kwazo. Xa sisebenza kunye nabantwana, apho le misebenzi aphulwe, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba umsebenzi kufuneka wenziwe kuphela ngendlela umdlalo. Umntwana akuyi kubakho ixesha elide ukuba ahlale etafileni, ukumamela kwaye enze imisebenzi yokuba akazange afune ukuyenza.

intsebenziswano hemispheric

Kubalulekile umsebenzi engqondweni. Ukuba unxibelelwano uyasilela, kusenokubakho iingxaki okanye lube ulungelelwaniso ayifumaneki intshukumo (intsebenziswano iinyawo nezandla, ukuhamba, njalo njalo). Kwinqanaba olandelayo ayakhekanga phakathi unxibelelwano non-ngomlomo kunye nemisebenzi ngomlomo inkqubo nzima uhlalutyo data ezingenayo. Inyathelo lokuqala kukwazi ukuba kuqulunqwe ulungelelaniso motor eqhelekileyo. Ukulungiselela le njongo, iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo imithambo, imidlalo yaphandle. On nesiseko sayo yakha umsebenzi ngakumbi kuphuhliso yentsebenziswano phakathi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba. Ngaxeshanye kunye kwiiklasi umntwana ukusetyenziswa izinto ezithambileyo. Yena sculpts imifanekiso elula ngodongwe okanye yokudlala, uxovule intlama unezandla ezibini.

imithambo yeminwe

Ukuxhomekeka ye ukuyilwa yokuthetha lomntwana kwinqanaba motility iyonke yaba ngokomfuniselo. Uphando lubonisa ukuba xa uluhlu isindululo yobudala efanelekileyo, ukukwazi kwabantwana ukuvakalisa iingcinga zabo ngokuvakalayo uya kuba kuko kuluhlu yesiqhelo. Ngenxa kuphuhliso motor jikelele kunye ngomnwe-uhlobo kwandisa ukusebenza loo neuron. Utitshala Ungasebenzisa imithambo, kulandele intetho yabantwana kufakwa kwiprogram engundoqo iiseshoni unyango kwintetho njengoko fizkultminutok.

kuthanjiswa

imithambo Ukuphumla yenziwa kuzo zonke izigaba ukulungiswa. ukusebenza zabo ukhatshwa ngumculo. Abantwana endaweni yayo (kwidesika) wabeka izandla zakho phezu kwentloko yakho uze uvale amehlo akho. Baya Kwakhona ukuya ukhuko ngomqolo yakho, uwatwabulule iingalo zakho emacaleni enu, kuyo amasundu phantsi. Kulo mzekelo, ziyakhuthazwa ukuba bangenise naziphi na ibali inxaxheba yabo. Umzekelo, ukuba Undizela efini, uziva impepho efudumeleyo izidlele zakho. Imithambo sinokuzaliswa ngala mazwi: ". Ngoko, umoya opholileyo, yaye sasifuna kubuyela emhlabeni"

Occupation of logoritmike

Ekuhambeni komsebenzi osebenzayo, kwakhiwa isakhiwo esithile. Iquka:

1. Ukuhamba ngaphandle komculo, ukubonisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuhamba.
2. UMdaniso.
3. I-finger gymnastics, ebonisa ukugcinwa kwegama elithile.
4. Izenzo zokuphefumula ezigxininisa amandla okuphefumula, kunye nezinto zokuphumla.
5. Ingoma ehambelana nemiqondiso.
6. I-gticnastics ye-articulatory, equka izinto zokuzilolonga.
7. Iinqatyana zokufunda zisebenzisa ukuhamba.
8. Logopedic gymnastics.

Izixhobo

Zonke izinto zenziwa ngokulandelwa. Ngethuba leeseshoni zoqeqesho, utitshala makakhethe indawo ukuze ubuso bakhe bubonakale kumntwana ngamnye ukuze kwenzeke ukuphinda umxholo kunye nokulinganisa ukunyakaza. Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukuba wonke umntu ahlale kwisangqa okanye ahlale kwisigxina. Kule meko, abantwana baya kumbona kakuhle utitshala, bavumelanise naye kunye nokuphinda kwakhona.

Kubaluleka kwezifundo

Njengoko ubude obude bokubonwa bubonisa, abantwana abaneentetho ezingapheliyo ekukhulumeni kwimihla yokufunda esikolweni basenokuba nzima kwaye banokuzithemba ngexesha le midlalo edibeneyo. Bakhawuleza bafunde imithetho, ekugqibeleni idluliselwa kwimisebenzi emele. Umdlalo uvimbela ukongamela kwabantwana, usebenze njengendlela yokukhutshwa komzimba kwaye uvumele ukuba ufezekise umphumo ophezulu wokulungiswa kokufunda. Ngaloo ndlela, izifundo zezingane zasenkulisa kufuneka zihluke.

Isiphelo

Le nkqubo ingentla iqwalaselwa ngokubanzi. Isekelwe kwi-neuropsychological prophylaxis kunye nokulungiswa kweentlobo ezininzi zeengxaki: ukusuka kwintlangano enobungakanani beengxaki zokuthetha, ukuyeka ukukhubazeka kwengqondo kwiingxaki ezizimeleyo zenkqubo nganye. Izinto ezibandakanyiweyo kwinkqubo zisetyenziswa ngempumelelo ekusebenzeni nabantwana besikolo abanenkinga yokuqonda inkqubo yezemfundo.

Ngaphambi kokuqala kweseshoni yokuphucula isisimfuneko ukuseka isigaba sokuqala sokuphuhliswa kwemisebenzi yengqondo kumntwana. Ngokuhambelana nale nto, kubalulekile ukukhetha isigaba apho kufuneka khona ukuqhuba umsebenzi. Ngokomzekelo, phambi kokuphazamiseka okukhulu kwentetho, kucetyiswa ukuba uqale ngemisebenzi yomculo kunye neengqondo zokunyusa umsebenzi womntwana. Ngokuphazamiseka okukhulu, xa uphuhliso luphucotha, umsebenzi ungathatha iminyaka emininzi. Kule meko, ungayeki uqeqesho malunga nokusekwa kwemisebenzi eyintloko, kufuneka uqaphele ukusetyenziswa kwezakhono ezifumanekileyo ebomini.

Ukuba ukuphula umthetho akubi kakhulu, kuyimfuneko ukugqiba izigaba ezithathwe ngumntwana ngokwazo. Umsebenzi uqala ngokugqibela kwabo. Ukuba ulandela ukulandelelana kwenkqubo, unokufikelela kwiziphumo ezibonakalayo ezilungileyo.