Ukujikeleza Umhlaba ehlabathini ilanga nokubaluleka kwayo

Nkqu kumaxesha amandulo, ebukele nesibhakabhaka esimnyama, abantu baye baqaphela ukuba emini ilanga kunye nesibhakabhaka ebusuku - phantse zonke iinkwenkwezi - kumaxesha ngamaxesha aphinde indlela yakhe. Oku kubonisa ukuba kukho izizathu ezibini ngenxa yale meko. Okanye kukho ukujikeleza koMhlaba ujikeleza ilanga kwisiqalo zezulu nangoku ezikhanyayo okanye izulu kugxile uMhlaba. Klavdiy Ptolemey, owaziwayo zamandulo zamaGrike ngeenkwenkwezi, sesayensi ngokuma, njengoko isigqibo lo mba ngokwenza wonke ezigxile ilanga kunye nesibhakabhaka zokubhala Earth. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba inkqubo geocentric akwazi ukuchaza ngeziganeko ezininzi ngeenkwenkwezi, ukuba siphile nayo.

inkqubo efanayo Heliocentric ngokusekelwe kwenye inguqulo, waphumelela ukuqondwa yayo kumzabalazo omde kunye sedrama. Wafa esibondeni Dzhordano Bruno, uGalileo wabona "nokulunga 'endala Kwamacala, kodwa" ... kodwa akasuki! "

Namhlanje, ujikelezo koMhlaba ujikeleza ilanga uthathwa kunokuveliswa ubungqina ngokupheleleyo. Ngokukodwa, ukuhanjiswa ukujikeleza umhlaba wethu kufuphi ilanga kwaba aberration of kobeenkwenkwezi kunye shift parallax emva kwesithuba sonyaka omnye. Namhlanje bafumanisa ukuba icala ukujikeleza koMhlaba, ngakumbi ngqo, barycenter yayo, ngenxa orbit ingqamana kwicala ukujikeleza malunga axis, ngamanye esiya ukusuka empuma kuye entshona.

Kukho izinto ezininzi ezibonisa ukuba Earth enambuzelayo indawo emzileni entsonkothileyo kakhulu. Ukujikeleza Umhlaba ujikeleza ilanga kunye nentshukumo yayo kumacala onke ezimanyeneyo precession kunye nutation oscillations moya okukhawulezayo kunye nelanga uwele phakathi Galaxy, nayo leyo ayikho indawo.

Ujikelezo Umhlaba ujikeleza ilanga, kwakunye nezinye iiplanethi, efikelela kwi nokujikeleza okweqanda. Ngoko ke, kanye ngonyaka, ngoJanuwari 3, uMhlaba kufutshane nje ilanga, yaye kanye, nge-5 Julayi, isuswa kulo ngomgama omkhulu. Umahluko phakathi perihelion (km million 147.) Yaye aphelion (152 yezigidi. Km), xa kuthelekiswa ne umgama ukusuka elangeni emhlabeni mncinane kakhulu.

Ukuhambisa ecaleni komzila kufuphi ilanga, umhlaba wethu wenza 30 km yesibini nganye, kwaye revolution koMhlaba ujikeleza ilanga lugqityiwe kwisithuba 365 d 6 h It - .. I ekuthiwa-sidereal okanye kunyaka sidereal. Kuba lula practical ithathwa iintsuku ezingama-365 ngonyaka. "Plus," 6:00 4 iminyaka dibanisa ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-24, kukho umhla omnye nangoku. Le, ngoko (ebaleka, extra) imini wongezelela ukuya kuFebruwari qho kwiminyaka 4. Ngoko ke, kwikhalenda yethu kwiminyaka 3 iquka iintsuku ezingama-365 kunye nonyaka omnqakathi - kunyaka wesine iqulethe iintsuku 366.

axis Umhlaba abajonga ngayo ujikelezo ityekele kwi-moya Orbital kwi 66,5 °. Kulo mba, kulo nyaka imitha yelanga awela ingongoma ngaphantsi komhlaba phantsi Institute angles ukuzibamba. Ngenxa yoko, ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo konyaka point ezahlukeneyo zifaka ezi kwenye kunye ngaxeshanye, izixa ezahlukeneyo ukukhanya nobushushu. Ngenxa yale nto ke, ezinezinga ziingcathu, namaxesha ezi kabukhali kugqame. Kwangaxeshanye, kulo unyaka imitha yelanga kwi-ikhweyitha ziwe emhlabeni ekujikeni enye, ngoko ke amaxesha onyaka apho yahluke kancinane omnye komnye.

Xa ihlobo ikhweyitha ezimanyeneyo Umhlaba ujongene ekupheleni kwayo kumntla kwi ilanga, kunye imitha zayo perpendicularly kububanzi 23,5 °. Ngoko ke, ukuqala ikhweyitha ukuya 66,5 °, imini iba elide ubusuku bonke. Kumntla we ngama ka-66.5 ° ezixabisa ngosuku polar.