Ukugonywa kwee-Measles: buninzi kangakanani kubadala?

Iimfucu zintsholongwane engozini, oko kuthatha amawaka ngamawaka abantu ubomi emhlabeni jikelele. Ukukhusela esi sifo esibi kakhulu kunokukunceda ukugonya isifo semasisi. Umsebenzi wokugonywa kube nini, ixesha elide ukuxhatshazwa kwemasisi kuqhubekeka emzimbeni, sisiphi isifo ngokubanzi? Masibhale ngokucacileyo.

Iimpawu

I-virus ene-RNA inokuthi ithathwa njenge-agent engabangela isifo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, isifo semasisi sichazwa ngakumbi kwizifo zobuntwana, kodwa ukuba umntu omdala ongamkelwayo unesifo sengculaza, isikolo sesifo sinzima kakhulu kuye, sishiya emva kweengxaki ezahlukeneyo. Intsholongwane isasazeka xa kukhwehlela, ukunyunyuza ngeengqungquthela zesigulane sesigulane, xa uthetha nge-saliva. Umntu osulelekileyo usulela unyango nangona yena ngokwakhe engabonakali iimpawu zesifo, oko kukuthi, ngexesha lokutshatyalaliswa. Ukukhusela kuphela isitofu sokugonya. Ingakanani esebenza emzimbeni, lo mbuzo uthanda abaninzi. Kuqinisekisiwe uza kukhuselwa iminyaka eyi-10-12, ngoko odokotela bathi.

Ukuba intsholongwane ingena emzimbeni ongakhuselekanga, isigulane siqala ukuphawula iimpawu ezininzi zezifo zokuphefumula:

• Umkhuhlane (ubushushu ukuya kuma-40 degrees);
• Pershenie, umqala emqaleni;
• Ukukhwehlela ngokukhawuleza, impumlo ye-runny;
• Ubuthathaka, i-malaise;
• Intloko.

Izimpawu ezithile zemasisi ziquka ezi zilandelayo:

• I-Conjunctivitis ne-photophobia;
• Ukuvuvuka okukhulu kweentloko zeentloko;
• Iintlanzi kwiamahlama ezinamaqabunga zibonakala ngosuku lwesibini (zibala amabala amancinci njengamahlamvu e-mango apheka ngosuku);
• Ngomhla wesi-4-5-ukugqithisa kwesikhumba, okokuqala kubonakala ebusweni, kwangoko kusasazeka kuwo wonke umzimba.

Iingxaki ezinokubakho zeesisi

Gcina lesi sifo kumasisi. Kusebenza kangako, kakhulu kwaye umzimba uya kukhuselwa kwisifo. Ezinganeni ezingenasigxina, kwaye nangona kunjalo ngokuqhelekileyo kubantu abadala, imasisi ibangela iingxaki ezinzulu:

• Ukusuleleka kwemaselisi okanye ukusuleleka kwebhaktheriya kubangelwa ukuba i-pneumonia;
• Bronchitis;
• Sinusitis;
• I-Keratitis (isiguli ngasinye sesihlanu silahlekelwa umbono);
• I-Meningitis kunye ne-meningoencephalitis;
• U-Otitis kunye ne-eustachiitis (emva koko - ukulahleka kweendlebe);
• Pyelonephritis.

Kwiimasisi, akukho nonyango olululo olusebenzayo. Kuphela ukugonywa okwenziwa kwangaphambili kusindisa umntu! Kwi-0.6% yamatyala, isisisi sinzima ngengozi yengqondo (encephalitis), kanti i-25% yezigulane ziyafa.

Ixesha lokungcola

ERashiya, ukugonywa kwemasisi kuye kwangeniswa kwikhalenda yokugonywa rhoqo. Umntwana ugonywe ngeminyaka eyi-1-1.3. I-Revaccination yenziwa kwiminyaka engama-6.

Ngenxa yokuba ukukhula kwesi sifo ngo-2014 eRashiya kwakhokelela kwimiphumo emibi phakathi kwabantu abadala, kwagqitywa ukuba kugonywe abantu. Ngaphantsi kweprogram yesizwe, ukuya kwi-35 ubudala, ugonywa lwe-measle ezamahala. Umsebenzi wokulungiselela ungakanani? Ukukhuseleka komntu ogonyweyo, ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuxhathisa kwizifo ezifikelela kwiminyaka eyi-12 (ngamanye amaxesha).

Ungaba ngaphezu kwama-35? Ukugonywa kwenziwa ngabantu bonke, kodwa sele sele ihlawulwe. I-monovaccine ilawulwa kabini ngekhefu leenyanga ezintathu. Ukuba uye wafumana esinye isitofu sokugonya, kufuneka udlulise ugonyo olutsha. Ayikho i-revaccination eyenziwa ngabantu abadala.

Ukugonywa kwangxamisekileyo

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba ishedyuli yokugonywa kunye neshedyuli, ukugonywa ngxakeka kwimeko elandelayo kulandelayo:

• Kuphakathi kwentsholongwane, bonke abantu (ngaphandle kwentlawulo) abadibene nesigulane bayagonywa kwiintsuku ezintathu. Abantwana abangakhuselekanga abangaphezulu komnyaka omnye bafakiwe.
• Usana olutsha, ukuba unina akanalo amachiza omzimba angaphiliyo egazini lakhe. Umntwana uphinde agonywe kwiinyanga ezisibhozo, kwaye emva kwekhalenda.
• Xa uhamba phesheya, kufuneka uthabathe i-measles yokugonya inyanga ngaphambi kokuba uhambe. Ingqwalasela ngokukhethekileyo iya eGeorgia, eThailand, eUkraine, apho kwiminyaka emithathu edluleyo, amaninzi amanqaku omasisi kunye namatyala abulalayo aqoshiwe. Zingaphi iminyaka yokugonywa kwe-measles isebenza, bayazi kwiinkonzo zokutyelela. Ukugonywa kuya kuphawulwa kumaxwebhu akho, kwaye oku kuya kuvumela iminyaka emininzi ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuhamba phesheya.
• Abasetyhini abangahlambulukanga abacwangcisa ukukhulelwa, njengokuba ngexesha le-measest pregnancy kuyingozi kakhulu kumntwana.
• Abantu abaphakathi kweminyaka eyi-15 ne-35 abangenayo ubungqina bokugonywa kwaye ukuba basengozini (ootitshala, abasebenzi bezempilo, abafundi).

Kuphi ukugonywa

Xa ulawula isitofu sokugonya, kufuneka ulandele imigaqo ethile ukuba wonke umboneleli wezempilo kufuneka azi, kunye nexesha lokugonya kwe-measles.

Kubantwana, ukulungelelaniswa kwisixa se-0.5 ml injected kwingingqi ehlala phantsi okanye ngaphantsi kweyesithathu kwisithuba esingaphandle kwiphepha.

Ukugonya kwabantu abadala kujojowe kwisisipha okanye ngaphantsi kwesithathu kwisigxina. Isilwanyana asikhuthazwa ukuba singene kummandla onobuncwane ngenxa yokugqithisa kwamanqatha angaphantsi. Kwakucetyiswa ukuba ungene kwi-intradermally. Isingeniso kwisilonda sichazwe ngokucacileyo!

Ukugonywa komntwana kunye nomntu omdala kufuneka kuqhutywe rhoqo ngokuvunyelwana ngokubhaliweyo. Ukuba ukulandelwa kokugonywa kulandelwa, kubhalwe kwakhona. Ngonyaka kufuneka ukwenqaba ukubuyiswa kwakhona.

Zingaphi iminyaka yokugonywa kwe-measles

Ngoko, ixesha elingakanani emva kokugonywa kwemasisi kumzimba wethu okhuseleyo malunga nesi sifo esibi? Ukuba sithetha ngabantu abadala, ixesha elide lokuthatha isenzo lihlala iminyaka eyi-12-13. Kukho amaxesha apho ixesha leminyaka eli-10 liboniswa. Ukuba uhlalutya kule ngxaki ngokubhekisele ngakumbi, kuyafaneleka ukuthetha ukuba yonke into iyodwa. "I-post post immunction immunication" (kukho umxholo onjalo) ngamnye umntu unokungafani, umntu uya kuba neminyaka eli-10 ubudala, umntu uneminyaka engama-13 nangaphezulu. Kwakukho imeko xa isigulane sino-antibodies isifo semasisi emva kweminyaka engama-25 emva kokugonywa.

Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ukuba ugonywe, oku akuyi kunika isiqinisekiso soku-100% sokukhusela. Njengoko abaphuhlisi bokugonywa ngokwabo bathi, unokufumana ithuba elingcono lokungagula kunezo ezingagonywanga.

Ingozi yokugonywa kwemasetyuni isebenza kangakanani? Oku kwenzeka, ngokukhawuleza xa umzimba wakho udala izifo ezikhuselekileyo (izifo zamanzi) kwisifo. Ngokomyinge oku kwenzeka emva kweentsuku ezi-2-4 emva kokugonywa. Icandelo ngalinye lilodwa.

Ukuchasana nokugonywa kwemasisi

Zingaphi izitofu zokulwa nemasisi zilawulwa ngabantu abadala, sifunde, ngoku siya kuqonda ukuba yiyiphi into engqinelanayo yokugonya. Okubaluleke kakhulu oku kulandelayo:

• Akukhuthazwa ukulawula igonyamelo kubafazi abakhulelweyo. Ukuba kukho imfuno, kubalulekile ukubonisana neengcali.
• Ukugonywa okuchaseneyo kunye nabagulane be-AIDS, i-HIV kunye nabo banezifo ezichaphazela umongo weethambo okanye inkqubo ye-lymphatic.
• Musa ukugonywa xa okwangoku uye wagula naluphi na uhlobo lwesifo sakho esingapheliyo.
• Ngenxa yezifo eziqhelekileyo, izifo, kwakhona ziyeka ukugonywa.
• Isitofu sigxininisekile kwisiganeko xa senze ukuba kubekho iingxaki kuwe.
• Qiniseka ukubonisana nogqirha, nokuba ngaba iziyobisi ozithathayo kunye nale gonti zihambelana.
• Ukuguqulwa kwamanzi kwiqanda elimhlophe.
• Izifo ezingekho embi.
• Ukunyamezela kwiiyobisi.

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zokugonywa kwabasemagunjini kubantu abadala

Abantu abadala baqala ukuva nemiphumo yokugonya ngosuku lokuqala. Kukho intlungu kwiindawo zokujola, ubomvu besikhumba, ukuhlengahlengiswa. Izimpawu ezifanayo ziqhelekileyo kwezinye iindidi zokugonya, umzekelo, kwi-hepatitis B.

Ukongezelela, kuxhomekeke ekukhuselweni kwakho, ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwesihlanu, kwaye ngomnye ngosuku lweshumi, kukho ukunyaniseka, ukukhathala, ukushisa komzimba. Oku kuqwalaselwa ngokuqhelekileyo, kuba umzimba wakho uqala ukuvelisa izifo zamachiza. Ngokumalunga nesimo sakho kufuneka uxelele ugqirha, uya kuchaza ngokuchanekileyo imbangela yokugula kwaye akuxelele kwikhosi, ingaba iminyaka emininzi yokugonya isifo semasel isebenza. Le yimiphumo ephambili yokugonywa kwemasisi, apho bonke abantu abaqhelekileyo, abanempilo bafumana.

Imiphumo emibi yokugonywa

Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, kukho ukuphazamiseka okubangelwa kwisitofu sokugonya, ezinye zibangelwa ukuba zinzima. Apha, ngaphandle koluncedo oogqirha abanako ukwenza. Ba no:

• Ukusabela okunobuthi kungenzeka ngomhla we-6-11 emva kokugonywa. Iqondo lokushisa liphakama, kukho intlungu emqaleni, ukuxiliswa kwenzeka, ukugqithisa kubonakala. Ixesha lingahlala iintsuku ezintlanu, kodwa kufuneka lihlukaniswe nakwiziphi na izifo ezithathelwanayo.
• Ukuphendula ngokuxhamla Ukushisa okuphezulu kunye nokubonakaliswa kokuthintela. Uninzi lwabazali bezilwanyana alubonakali ukuba ezi zimpawu ziba neengxaki ezinzima.
• Encephalitis ye-Post-vaccinal. Iimpawu zifana nemiphumo yezinye izifo: utywala, intloko, isisongela, ukudideka, ukuphazamiseka, ukuxinwa, iimpawu ze-neurologic.
• Ukuphendulwa kweengxaki kwizinto zokugonya. Ukuvuvuka kweQuincke. Iimbuzi. Ubuhlungu kumalungu.
• Ukugqithiswa kwezifo ezihlaselayo. I-asthma yeBronchial.
• Tshutshisa iAnaphylactic.
• Pneumonia.
• Myocarditis.
• Meningitis.

Emva koko konke oku ngasentla, baninzi abanokucinga ngengozi yokugonywa. Kodwa oku akunjalo. Impendulo emininzi yenzelwe i-theoretically. Ngokomzekelo, inkxalabo ngendlela ye-encephalitis ingenzeka kanye emva kwesigidi. Ukuba kukho isifo se-measle, umngcipheko wenkxalabo iya kukwandisa amawaka ngamaxesha.

Ingozi yokugonywa kwemasesisi ingena ngaphi? Kungekudala ama-antibodies efomini emzimbeni (ukusuka kwiiveki ezi-2 ukuya kwezine). Ukuba ngeli xesha ungaziva nemiphumo emibi emzimbeni, ukuya kudokotela kunokuzikhethela.

Unyango lweengxaki emva kokugonya

Ukugonywa kwe-measles kusebenza ixesha elingakanani? Ngexesha elide (iminyaka eli-10 ukuya kwe-13) uya kukhuselwa kwisifo. Kufuneka ukhunjulwe ukuba iimpendulo zomzimba, nokuba ngaba zenzekile, hamba ngokukhawuleza, emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa, kodwa iingxaki emva kokuba isifo ngokwawo sinokudakalisa, ukuya kwisiphumo esibulalayo.

• Ukuba kukho nayiphi na impendulo engalunganga, qhagamshelana nogqirha.
• Ukuhlangabezana nemiphumo yokulungiselela amalungiselelo kuya kunceda: antiallergic, antipyretic.
• Ukuba inkcenkceshe inzima, ngoko kungcono ukuyiphatha esibhedlele. Ugqirha uya kukunika i-horticone ye-corticosteroid.
• Ukuba kukho iingxaki zebhakteria, amayeza omzimba anokunyamezela.

Iindidi zeigonti

Isigulane se-measles senziwa kwizinto eziphilayo, kodwa iintsholongwane ze-measles ezibuthathaka kakhulu. Kwiyeza, zombini i-monovaccines (ukusuka kumasisi) kunye kunye (ukusuka kumasisi, epidarotite kunye nerubella) asetyenziswa. Igciwane lokugonya ngokwayo alikwazi ukubangela isifo emzimbeni, kubangele kuphela ekuphuhliseni ama-antibodies anticorrosive. Isici sokugonya okuphilayo:

• Isilwanyana asilahlekelwa amandla, kufuneka sigcinwe kwiqondo lokushisa elingekho ngaphezulu kwama-+4 degrees.
• Isitofu sokuchithwa esingasetshenziswanga sitshabalaliswa yimithetho ekhethekileyo
• Ukubunjwa kubandakanya amaqanda amhlophe kunye namayeza. Oku kunokubangela ukuba abantu basabele ngempembelelo.

I-polyclinics yaseRussia isebenzisa amalungiselelo okuveliswa kwemveliso yekhaya ukwenzela ukugonywa - isitofu sokugonywa kwamasimes kunye ne-measles monovaccine. I-Monovaccines ineempendulo ezimbi.

Sifumene ngokusetyenziswa kwegciwane lokugonya kwe-measles, yintoni imiphumo emibi engaba khona, ukuchasene. Ewe, ngoku malunga nendlela yokulungiselela ukugonya, ukwenzela ukuba ugonyo luphumelele ngokusemandleni.

Indlela engcono yokutshintshela isitofu

• Ukuza kugonywa kuyimfuneko enempilo ngokupheleleyo, ngaphandle kwempawu kunye nemiboniso ye-ARVI.
• Ngaphambi kokugonya, ngokufanelekileyo, kuya kubakho kutyelela ugqirha kunye nokuhanjiswa kwazo zonke iimvavanyo eziqhelekileyo.
• Emva kokuba isitofu sifakwe, zingakapheli iintsuku ezintathu, ukwenqabela ukutyelela indawo ezininzi, ukwenzela ukuba ungathathi naluphi na isifo esivela ngaphandle.
• Ngaba unako ukubhukuda? Ewe, kodwa ungagxothi indawo yesayiti. Kungcono ukuthatha isitya, kungekhona ukuhlamba.
• Emva kokugonywa, akufanele uqalise ekutyeni kwakho nayiphi na imveliso entsha, izitya, ukuze ungabhubhisi.

Ingozi yokugonywa kwemasetyuni isebenza kangakanani? Ingaphezulu kweminyaka elishumi ebomini bakho unokuhlaziya. Isifo esibi kakhulu asinakuphazamisa umzimba, kuba unombulelo wokugonywa, ukhulise umkhuhlane okhuselekileyo kumasisi.