UHF antenna. Eriyali for kumabonakude. eriyali UHF endlwini. UHF antenna ngezandla zakho

Imarike yanamhlanje inika uluhlu enkulu eriyali ngokufumana umabonwakude ezisentlabathini. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zezi mveliso, ivumela ukwamkelwa VHF kunye UHF radio losasazo band. Kananjalo zahlulwe kwindawo ukusetyenziswa ngaphandle kunye endlwini. Enyanisweni, ukuba kakhulu ezahlukene. Kwindawo yokuqala ugxininiso kubukhulu kunye nokulondolozwa iimeko efunekayo phantsi kwempembelelo iimeko zemozulu. Kweli nqaku, siza kuxubusha iintlobo ezikhoyo lwezinto data, cinga ngoko iinketho zabo, indlela yokuqhuba uvavanyo. Kwaye abathandi tinkering zichaza indlela UHF eriyali yenziweyo ngezandla zabo.

Yintoni umahluko?

Makhe ukuzama ukucacisa kumagama ambalwa, ukuze ubone indlela olunjani imveliso phambi kwakho. UHF antenna kufana ileli. Beka ukuba zifana kuya emhlabeni. Imitha eriyali TV ukuba uwelile aluminium ityhubhu. Imbonakalo kweentlobo zombini okuboniswe kwifoto ngezantsi. Kukho kwakhona kudityaniswe antenna xa elungelelaniswe kwaye "somthamo", kunye tube emnqamlezweni.

Ingxaki choice

Ibiya kuthetha ukuba yonke into elula. Noko ke, umthengi kuphakamisa umbuzo yendlela ukukhetha ifowuni ekunene apho parameters ukuhlawula ingqalelo. Kungcono ekuvavanyeni eriyali TV ngqo kwi iimeko ziya kusebenza phantsi kwazo. Sicatshulwa uphawu radio kaninzi nomuntu bendawo ethile. Ngenxa yoko, imveliso kwi-lab ibonisa ezinye iziphumo, kunye "endle" - zahlukile kakhulu. Kukho iqhinga ethile ikuvumela ukuba uvavanyo zombini kwimitha kunye decimeter TV eriyali. Nangona kunjalo, ukukhetha imveliso onjalo evenkileni, asikwazi ukuqhuba uvavanyo sigcwele. Nam othengisayo akavumelani ukuba asinike ukuba uvavanyo ezimbalwa izitya ezahlukeneyo. Kule meko kuyimfuneko uthembe ukusebenza kwezi mveliso. Kwaye ndiyathemba ukuba eriyali ekhethiweyo uya kwenza imisebenzi yayo ngokungqinelana data yokundwendwela, hayi iimeko eyiyo.

The main iparameters

UHF eriyali luphawulwa ikakhulu pattern radiation. Ipharamitha iphambili yale Uphawu umgangatho icala (oluncedisayo) nomhlehlo kunye nomhlehlo ububanzi engundoqo. Chaza beamwidth kwi iinqwelomoya tye kunye nkqo ixabiso elikhulu ka-0,707. Ngoko ke, lo parameter (nomhlehlo ububanzi engundoqo) lo mzobo nabanako ukwahlulelana ngayo omnidirectional kunye zemiyalelo. Kuthetha ntoni oku? Ukuba nomhlehlo iphambili bakwazi ukwakha emxinwa, kuthetha eriyali (UHF) uyalelwe. I Parameter ebalulekileyo elilandelayo nezifo ingxolo. Olu phawu ixhomekeke ikakhulu kwinqanaba ngasemva kunye kwicala isithinzi. Oku kumiselwa umlinganiselo amandla ezabelwe eriyali wasinika umthwalo efane ngexesha lokufumana umqondiso ovela kwicala engundoqo amandla (umthwalo efanayo) emva kokufumana kwicala nezalathiso angasemva. Ubukhulu becala ifomu Umzobo kuxhomekeke kwinani zabalawuli kunye nesakhiwo eriyali.

Ntoni igama elithi "volnovoykanal"?

TV antenna yale hlobo zisebenza kakhulu balwamkele radio ekujoliswe kuzo. ngokubanzi zisetyenziswa kwiindawo umabonakude kubonakala buthathaka. I-eriyali (UHF) kuhlobo "Yagi" kukho inzuzo enkulu kwaye directivity elungileyo. Ukongeza, ezi mveliso ubukhulu omncinane, leyo (kunye inzuzo ephezulu) yenza ithandwa kakhulu phakathi abahlali kwiilali holide kunye nezinye iindawo ezihlala abantu, kude ukusuka kwiziko. Le uthi unegama yesibini - Uda-Yagi (egameni abayili Japanese abaye eqinisekisiwe nale divayisi).

isimiso ukusebenza

Uthi UHF hlobo "Yagi" imele iseti elements: isixando (kugqame) kunye esebenzayo (vibrator) kwakunye abalawuli ezininzi ekhwele utolo eqhelekileyo. Umgaqo Its of operation ngolu hlobo. Le vibrator linobude ethile, oko ibekwe entsimini magnetic siyohlala kwi uphawu oonomathotholo wafumana rhoqo uphawu. Oku kubangelwa amandla electromotive (EMF). isiqalelo ngasinye asonge achaphazela magnetic field, nayo leyo ekhokelela EMF imbonakalo. Ngenxa yoko, kwakhona umsindo intsimi electromagnetic eziziisekondari. kwezi nkalo bacebisa ukuba vibrator EMF engaphezulu yena. Ngoko ke, imilinganiselo izinto olungenzi nto ngokunjalo umgama yabo vibrator eqhubayo zikhethwe ezinjalo ukuba EMF eyabangelwa ngenxa amasimi yabo yasesekondari waba kwisigaba kunye EMF lokuqala leyo uqhutyelwe kuyo endle yokuqala kagesi. Kulo mzekelo, bonke EMF ushwankathelwa olunika ukusebenza uyilo okwandileyo wafanisa vibrator enye. Ngoko ke, nokuba eqhelekileyo igumbi UHF eriyali Unokuqinisekisa ulwamkelo uphawu izinzile.

Le kugqame (isiqalelo passive) efakwe emva vibrator 0,15-0,2 λ _0. ubude bayo kufuneka igqithe ubude element abasisebenzisayo 5-15 ekhulwini. Xa enjalo iphethini directivity eriyali ifunyenwe emacaleni kwi iinqwelomoya nkqo nkqo. Isiphumo liyehla, kwaye echo amasimi yolwamkelo apho avela kwicala emva kwe-eriyali. Kwimeko yokuba ukuthatha uphawu umabonwakude kwi imigama ezinkulu phantsi kweemeko ezinzima, phambi isixa esikhulu uphazamiso, kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise eriyali ezintathu okanye elemental ngakumbi, nto leyo ibandakanya vibrator esebenzayo, abalawuli enye okanye ngaphezulu kwaye kugqame.

Le Imiqondiso ngqo kwaye kubonakala

Kwinqaku kwi kwisamkeli wave ( "Tele-zwi» № 11, 1998), ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba kwimeko xa isignali umthombo non-standard (kuthetha ukuba engathele-elebhu) Umvelisi kunye eriyali ibonakala kunye uphawu lisasazwa Tower kamabonwakude, obonakalayo indima eyadlalwa iimeko zemozulu, kwakunye indawo yokufaka yomfumani. Oku ikakhulu kuchaphazela imveliso yomsebenzi UHF band. Oku kuchazwe yi kukuba ngamaza kuluhlu decimetre ngaphantsi, ngokulandelelanayo, ukugoba imiqobo mbi kakhulu, yaye nayiphi na ngumfanekiso uphawu zidlala indima ebalulekileyo njengoko umfanekiso ifunyenwe. Ngokukodwa, nkqu eludongeni lwendlu ingaba amaza kugqame. Ngoko, xa lingekho umgca ecacileyo emehlweni, ungasebenzisa le propati - ukwenza uphawu kubonakala. Kodwa ke, umgangatho wayo uya kuba gangqa ngqo. Ukuba inqanaba losasazo uphawu liphezulu, kodwa akukho line ngqo emehlweni, ungasebenzisa igagasi kubonakala. Enyanisweni, i-eriyali igumbi UHF isebenza kulo mgaqo. Ngapha koko, le igumbi kunzima ukubamba iliza ngqo ukuba iifestile ibekwe icala. Ngoko ke, xa uzama, ungasoloko ufumana kwindawo apho uphawu unikwe ngaphezulu. Kodwa kwimeko komgca emehlweni, naziphi kubonakala uphazamiseko uya konakalisa umfanekiso ezifunyenweyo.

Le ndlela ivumela ukuba kuthelekiswe yoMgaqo-eriyali

Ukuze yenze uvavanyo balwamkele, kufuneka adale iimeko ezifanayo:

1. Khetha indawo yofakelo, nto leyo eza kuqhuba antenna sakho. Uyakwazi ukusebenzisa balcony, kuphahla okanye imasti. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba bobabini ubude kunye nendawo aba enye kuzo zonke iimveliso.

2. Le kwicala umthombo umqondiso losasazo kufanele ukuba zigcinwe kwisithuba degrees ezintathu. Ukuze wenze oku, ungenza wenze uphawu okhethekileyo attachment ityhubhu.

3. imilinganiselo kufuneka lwenziwe phantsi kweemeko zemozulu efanayo.

4. I intambo yokudibanisa i-eriyali kunye TV kufuneka babe ukuvimba enye ubude. Kungcono usebenzise ucingo olunye, ukutshintsha balwamkele kuphela.

Uvavanyo kufuneka lwenziwe kuphela iimveliso zohlobo olufanayo. Umzekelo, i ngenayo eriyali UHF-band akufuneki azinakulinganiswa balwamkele bangaphandle okanye imitha. Kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba uvavanyo endle anganika iziphumo kwahluka eziphathekayo kwilabhoretri.

UHF antenna yeTV yedijithali

Kutshanje, amajelo ubunzima Isenokusiqiqisa uthethe ngemfuneko sishintshe kumabonakude yedijithali. sele Abaninzi oko, yaye omnye umntu ucinga. Nangona uphawu yenziwa yokusasaza both sides. Kodwa ke, umgangatho we analog TV ulihlwempu. Kulo mba, abantu abanomdla, leyo enokusetyenziselwa UHF eriyali T2. Makhe ukujongana nalo mba. Enyanisweni, umabonakude wedijithali usasaza kwi UHF-band channel. Ngoko ke i-eriyali UHF umgangatho ukuze alungele ukwamkela wakhe. Ezivenkileni ungenza ukulibona kwisixhobo eso siwamkelayo umyalezo, nto leyo ibonisa ukuba zenzelwe umabonakude wedijithali. Nangona kunjalo, oku icebo zorhwebo evumela ukuba athengise eriyali UHF standard ibiza kakhulu kunokuba kufanelekile. Ukuthenga imveliso onjalo, uya kuba akukho siqinisekiso sokuba kuya kunika basamkele ngaphezu koko sele kwikhaya lakho kwaye asebenze ngaphezulu konyaka. Njengokuba besesitshilo ngaphambili, umgangatho kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwinqanaba umqondiso losasazo kunye nemiqathango ukubonakala ngqo. Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba uninzi imizi zisetyenziselwa ukudluliselwa TV lwedijithali kakhulu umbane enamandla ngaphezu analog. Oku kwenziwa ukuze ukukhawulezisa inguqu ngokomlinganiselo entsha. Ngapha koko, abaphulaphuli ufuna ukubona umfanekiso ocacileyo, hayi "njengekhephu" kwikhusi. Ngoko ke, ukuba ubeka umamkeli kwi window ethi "eriyali decimetric for DVB T2», yazini oku: oko akuthethi ukuba ufuna imveliso ethile. Nje umthengisi kakhulu onyanisekileyo ofuna ukuba imali kwi umthengi ningazi. Kwakhona qaphela ukuba inkqubo yenguqu ukuya umgangatho omtsha ubonelela ngokumiselwa kwamaziko ingcebiso. Kuzo, ungafumana ulwazi oluneenkcukacha nawuphi na umba onxulumene TV yedijithali. Lonke uthetha-thethwano bakhululekile. Kwezinye izixeko, le zixhobo kwindlela yovavanyo, ngoko ke umqondiso kunokuba obungazinzanga okanye babuthathaka. Musa Ungakhathazeki, abasebenzi iziko usoloko ekhawulezileyo, ukuba yokusombulula ingxaki kunye nomgangatho reception uphawu.

UHF antenna ngezandla zakho

ubude UHF-ngumtshangatshangiso lungena kwi lekhefu ukususela-10 cm ukuya kwi-1 m. Ukususela ethile eli gama yabo kwenzeke. oscillations umoya le ifrikwensi advantageously wandise kumgca othe ngqo. Bona nesele musa kugoba ngeenxa imiqobo, ke kancinci wawubonisa eziFihliweyo. Kulo mba, ukunxibelelana nabantu abakude kwi UHF ibhendi kunokuba alale. radius yayo ayikho ngaphezu kwekhulu kweekhilomitha. Cinga embalwa imizekelo yokwenza indlela eriyali UHF ekhaya.

Okokuqala ATHUNYIWEYO ngcono umabonwakude zosasazo uyithathayo uya kuba, ngoko ukuthetha, ibandla edolweni izinto ezindala. amajelo UHF zilungiswe kwi lekhefu ukusuka MHz 300 ukuya 3 GHz. Umsebenzi wethu - ukwenza eriyali, nto leyo eza kusebenza kula ezitsho. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka thina iinkonkxa ezimbini utywala yobuninzi seelitha 0.5. Ukuba usebenzisa ibhotile enkulu, kuya ukunciphisa iibhendi ezifunyenweyo. Kuba esi sifudumezi uya kufuneka sikhokelo ethile, ungasebenzisa ububanzi ibhodi ye-10 cm. Uyakwazi futhi ukusebenzisa zesiqhelo ngomthi idyasi kwendawo yokuhlala, apho ke kwimeko enjalo eriyali ngenxa uyakwazi sixhonywe isikhonkwane kuyo nayiphi na indawo elula kweli gumbi. Ukongeza kwisakhelo kunye neenkonkxa, kufuneka ulungiselele iperi ngezikhonkwane self-uthinte, izixhobo, intambo yafakwa, isinxibelelanisi, terminal, zokwambathisa tape. Kwenye Ekupheleni Isidibanisi cable kwaye ufake kumabonakude fluster kuye. Isiphelo mveliso yesibini terminal kwibhloko. Okulandelayo, qhoboshela izikrufu entanyeni Madikane ezinjengeetheminali. Iingcingo kufuneka uvumelane snugly ukuya metal. Ngoku sichubeka ukuya kwindibano-eriyali ngokwayo. Ukulungiselela le njongo, le esime tye okubambelela iinkonkxa ilukhuni kumkhawulela. Umgama phakathi kwabo ukuba yi-75 mm. Ukutshixa Madikane zingasetyenziswa enamathelayo. Yonke antenna ukulungele! Ngoku ukufumana indawo kuba yokwamkela oluzinzileyo uphawu zikamabonwakude ukuba uvala kule ndawo "kwendawo yokuhlala" wethu.

Izixhobo reception for umabonakude wedijithali

Eli candelo ilungiselelwe abantu abafuni ukusebenzisa eqhelekileyo (analog) imveliso, kwaye ufuna ngefomathi entsha wasebenzisa UHF eriyali okhethekileyo. Izandla zakhe isixhobo abafumana kwaye uza sabaqalayo. Kuba oku kufuneka sikwere somthi (zingenziwa plexiglass) ifreyimu idiagonal 200 mm kunye intambo RK-75 eziqhelekileyo. Thaca ingqalelo yakho eyongeziweyo lobeko lwe-eriyali le nale. Okwaba ngokugqibeleleyo ngokwayo emsebenzini kwi uluhlu ulwamkelo umabonakude wedijithali. Kwaye ingasetyenziswa kwiindawo apho kungekho line ngqo kokubona umthombo. Ukuba unayo kusasazo obuthathaka, kunokwenzeka ukudibanisa msindo. Ngoko ke, ukuba asebenze. Thina ekucoceni ekupheleni le ntambo 20 mm. wire arch ngakumbi ngokumila isikwere esine idiagonal 175 mm. Ukuphela egobile ngaphandle kwi-engile degrees 45 noko amadada yesibini obala ekupheleni. Aqine ukudibanisa izikrini. Atyabukile core central lanqunyanyiswa ngokukhululekileyo emoyeni. Kwikona icala square ukususa ngenyameko yokwambathisa ikhusi kummandla ka-200 mm. Oku kuya kuba phezulu eriyali yethu. Ngoku ukudibanisa i kubangela square kwiplanga. Kwinxalenye asezantsi, apho emancamini omabini ezihlanganiswe, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa ezityiwa ngobhedu eyenziwe wire zamafu. Oku kuya kuqinisekisa umfowunelwa engcono lombane. Kuko konke eriyali UHF edijithali ukulungele TV. Ukuba efakwe kwi ngaphandle, ungenza ntoni zezindlu yakhe yeplastiki ekhusela isixhobo emvuleni.