Ucaphuka - oku ... kabi kunye nokukhathazeka

Ucaphuka - ukukwazi emzimbeni okanye izicwili ngamnye ukuphendula kokusingqongileyo. Kubalulekile kwakhona ukukwazi izihlunu nesivumelwano ukuphendula ekusoluleni. Excitability kweeseli ebizwa ngokuba impahla ekuvumela ukuba uphendule le ukuphazamiseka okanye ukukhuthazwa, umzekelo, amandla ka-luvo kunye izihlunu iiseli baphendule stimulus yombane.

izakhiwo ezibalulekileyo eziphilayo

Ucaphuka - oku zobumnini biology yemeko, leyo ingahoywa ukuphazamiseka ngaphandle ngaphakathi okanye nokuba baphendule kuyo ngokutshintsha kwindawo yimincili. amalaphu enjalo ibizwa ngokuba abawonwabeleyo yaye inani elithile iimpawu isici. Ezi ziquka oku kulandelayo:

1. ucaphuka. Oku xa iiseli, ancedisana amalungu ayakwazi impendulo ngu kongenelelo zizinto ezithile - ngaphandle kunye nezo ziphuma ngaphakathi.

2. Le excitability. Yeyona umgangatho iiseli zezilwanyana okanye izityalo, apho kuba lula ukutshintsha imo yokuphumla karhulumente umsebenzi ukusebenza komzimba okanye ephilayo.

3. Le conductivity. Lo msebenzi ukusasaza iimpendulo excitatory. Kuxhomekeke isakhiwo inyama kunye neempawu zayo ezisebenzayo.

4. imemori unoxanduva ukulungisa utshintsho ezenzeka kwinqanaba beemolekyuli kunye olunge ngeenguqu ikhowudi yemfuza. Le mfanelo yenza kube lula phambili imo ephilayo ukuphendula ungenelelo ngoncedo ngokuphindaphindiweyo.

Ucaphuka: definition kunye nenkcazo

Yintoni kabi? Nokuba impahla womda umzimba, okanye kunoko, imeko ebuhlungu excitability nobuzaza kakhulu na ilungu okanye umzimba inxenye? susceptibility yendalo uphawu zonke izinto eziphilayo, ancedisana iiseli, nto leyo phantsi kweempembelelo zizinto ezithile ukuba asabele ngendlela ethile. I zomzimba of ucaphuka - yinto impahla luvo, eqatha okanye ezinye kwizihlunu ukuphendula ezintweni. Ukubanako ukuphendula utshintsho kwimeko ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ngokobugcisa na ipropati zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni. Imizekelo enjalo zezi zilandelayo: ukuhamba izityalo ekukhanyeni, lo constriction umfundi kunye nolwandiso ngenxa yotshintsho ukukhanya , njalo-njalo.

Le etymology kombono

Eli binzana sivela irritabilitas Latin. Ucaphuka - intsimi reaction kwizinto ezithile lwangaphandle. Eli gama lisetyenziswa ukuchaza iimpendulo komzimba kwizinto, kwakunye obubonakala zophendlo lwezifo ezinxulumene ubuntununtunu ngokugqithiseleyo. Lo mba kufuneka ube bedidekile nochuku. Le ipropati mazingaboniswa reactions indlela yokuziphatha kokusingqongileyo, imeko, zizinto yokuhlalisana kunye nasemoyeni kwaye ebonakaliswa ngomsindo ongalawulwayo, umsindo kunye nonxunguphalo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le phawu lokuba abantu. Ucaphuka - lo mhlaba wobomi, kuquka izityalo kunye nezilwanyana.

Ucaphuka nokwamkela

Zonke izinto eziphilayo esi impahla nochuku. Lo ukukwazi komzimba wokubona aphendule kwizinto ezithile, apho kungaba nemiphumela kuzo ebezintle nezo zingentle. Isityalo lidla ityekele ngendlela apho kukho ukukhanya kwelanga ngakumbi. Ukuziva imfudumalo, umntu asuse isandla sakhe neziko belenziwe lashushu.

Izalana ngokusondeleyo ingcamango "ucaphuka" na adaptation, nenoxanduva utshintsho emzimbeni njengempendulo ezenzeka ngaphandle. Ngokomzekelo, isikhumba yabantu mnyama xa zidibene nelanga obukhulu. Igama elithi "lohlengahlengiso" lidla lisetyenziswa ukuchaza utshintsho ezithile kwimiphakathi ukuba ngokuqhelekileyo ayinakusasazeka kwinzala yaye ngenxa yoko akukho evolutionarily ebalulekileyo. Ukongeza, ezi nguqu zidla ingathityazwa. Umzekelo, i-tan uya kubuna, ukuba loo mntu uyayeka ukuhlala elangeni. iimeko zokusingqongileyo nabo kunokubangela utshintsho ixesha elide ekwakhiweni yemfuza lwabemi oya kuba vuhlayiseki kwi eziphilayo ngamnye.

nezimaphambili ezingundoqo

Ucaphuka kuba nako eziphilayo ukuba asabele ngendlela ethile kwizinto ngaphandle ngokutshintsha imilo zabo kwaye imisebenzi ethile. Xa indima zizinto bakhonza ezo zinto zokusingqongileyo ezinokubangela yokusabela. Ekuhambeni esiqwini zazivelela kwasekwa, leyo babe kumgangatho ophezulu uvakalelo ngenxa yobukho receptors ezithile iiseli. Ezi kwinyama isengozini luvo, kwimisipha glandular kwithishyu.

Ukuzalana ucaphuka kunye excitability

Ucaphuka kunye nokukhathazeka ukuba kuhlangene. Excitability ibizwa ipropati ehlelekile zomzimba, njengoko iziphumo kwizinto ngaphandle ngokutshintsha iimpawu nokomzimba. Indawo yokuqala iya kuba kwi excitability e-nervous system, ilandelwe yi-izihlunu kunye namadlala.

iintlobo nokushukunyiswa

Ukwahlula phakathi kweendlela zangaphakathi nangaphandle ngoncedo. I yangaphandle ziquka:

1. Physical (mechanical, thermal, imitha kunye nesandi). Imizekelo iquka isandi, ukukhanya, umbane.
2. Chemical (asidi, kwealkali, iityhefu, iziyobisi).
3. ZeBhayoloji (iibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, nezinye izinto ezifana). Esahlala nako kunganikwa ingqwalasela ukutya kunye besini ngamnye esahlukileyo.
4. Social (kuba abantu oko kuba amagama aqhelekileyo).

Ke bona ekhaya, kukho umbuzo kwezinto ukuba ziveliswa umzimba ngokwawo. Kusenokuba iihomoni kunye namanye amacandelo eziphilayo esebenzayo. Xa amandla nempembelelo amaqela amathathu: subthreshold - ezo esinokunyangwa kwaye musa eyenza impendulo, zisembundwini - ukuphazamisana eliphakathi - kwaye suprathreshold ebangela indlela elinamandla.