Paramecium caudatum: isakhiwo kunye neendlela lweenkomo

Paramecium caudatum - iintlobo eliqhelekileyo ezivela kwiqela eziphilayo ezilula. It uhlala imizimba emanzini aphilileyo ukuma isixa ezaneleyo eziphilayo izinto, nayo leyo uyawondla. Hi ndlela leyi, isakhiwo ciliate-izihlangu uthathwa yeyona nto inzima eli qela eziphilayo.

iimpawu ngokubanzi

Paramecium caudatum - kokuphilayo kwiseli enye egama imilo eneneni kufana kweentende izihlangu igcinwe ngenxa umaleko ashinyeneyo olungaphandle kukho icytoplasm. Onke amabhunga isilwanyana ezihlawulelwayo eziliqela isiliya, leyo zimiswe ngokwemigca longitudinal. Owona msebenzi wabo - intshukumo.

Ihamba Paramecium caudatum isiphelo luhlaza kuqala. Isiliya ukuhambahamba kolibaziseko nesalamane kancinane omnye komnye. Xa uhambisa umzimba kwakhona lijikeleza kufutshane esqwini.

Ifunyanwa phakathi ekuthiwa-trichocysts isiliya - organelles ezincinane yokuluka-ezimilise, nto leyo enze umsebenzi wokhuseleko. trichocysts nganye iqulathe umzimba kunye incam apho phambi stimulus (yokungqubana, ukufudumeza, ukupholisa) adubula kabukhali.

Paramecium caudatum: isakhiwo

Ubuninzi umzimba - it endoplasma, okanye inxalenye ulwelo lwe kukho icytoplasm. Ectoplasm ikufutshane inwebu cytoplasmic unalo texture exineneyo yakha pellicle.

Ekugayeni. Paramecium caudatum utya iintsholongwane kwaye zeselula kunokuba yinqobo inkqubo yokwetyisa. Sondela ekupheleni phambi umzimba ifanele perioral, umphezulu wayo engaphakathi ligutyungelwe nenkqubo esimbaxa isiliya. Movement of isiliya kudala flow, kunye ezo owawanyayo kunye ezincane. amasuntswana Eminye zokondla eyele umqala, nayo leyo ukudubulana isiliya, uze kuphela - emlonyeni. Ngu endocytosis izondlo ukungena vacuole yokwetyisa. Eseleyo imveliso ngokusebenzisa organelle ethile - poroshitsu.

Le zofuzo. Paramecium caudatum uye umphakathi ezimbini - ezinkulu (macronucleus) kunye ezincinci (micronucleus). Micronucleus iqulethe iseti epheleleyo yolwazi yemfuza kwaye uthabathe inxaxheba ukuzala yento ephilayo. Macronucleus onoxanduva Yindibanisela iikhompawundi protein.

Yodwa nokuphefumla. Paramecium caudatum lunokubakho nokuba sezantsi kakhulu boxinzelelo ioksijini emanzini. oksijini etsalwe kwipemanganethi bonke ubuso.

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, eziphilayo elula ehlala emanzini aphilileyo nangenxa umahluko yoxinaniso alisweleyo osmoregulation nkqubo. Ciliate contractile vacuole ezimbini - ngaphambili nangasemva, nganye branched inkqubo tubules. fluid abangaphezu kwemfuneko kunye neemveliso pathways zasesekondari ziqokelelwe neboniswe tubules of vacuoles kokusingqongileyo. Zombini organelles kuyehla khosi, kanye imizuzwana 15-20.

Veliswa ciliate-izihlangu

Ngokuba lo ephilayo luphawulwa njengoko ukuzala kunye maqanda.

ukuzala maqanda ikhutshwa phandle division cross iseli ibe ngamaqela amabini alinganayo. Kulo mzekelo, umzimba ligcina kwindawo esebenzayo. Oku kulandelwa inkqubo ngokutsha kunokuba ezintsonkothileyo, apho ilungu ngalinye lomzimba ikwagqibezela organelles eziyimfuneko.

umsebenzi zesini phakathi kwabantu ababini lingaluncedo xa conjugation. Ciliates okwethutyana ukunamathelana, yaye ibhulorho lokuqala kukho icytoplasm amiliswe phakathi imiphezulu zabo. Macronuclear zombini eziphilayo zitshabalale, kwaye umphakathi ezincinane singahlukaniswa meiosis.

Field ongundoqo usenziwa kunye iseti ezine haploid zofuzo. Ngaphezu koko, abathathu kubo babulawa, kwakunye nesabelo eseleyo yi mitosis, ngokwakha protonukleusa ezimbini - inkunzi nemazi. Izinto exchange "njengendoda" protonukleusami. Emva koko fusion kwenzeka nganye nuclei amabini, kwaye ukuyilwa sinkariaona. Ke sidlula mitosis, emva koko omnye eziba kwakhiwa lube macronucleus, kwaye eyesibini - micronucleus.