Ubume unyawo njengophawu kungafezeki yendaleko komzimba womntu.

bipedalism yokuzivelela enze iindawo ezizodwa ngamathambo omntu, ayinazo analogue phakathi ziingceba efanayo uphahlalamathambo nabanye abameli zehlabathi isilwanyana. Okokuqala, litshintsha imilo yomqolo, okwenza ukuba umntu kuhlala kwindawo nkqo ngokumalunga kumphezulu ukuhamba kwakhe. Okwesibini, uhlobo, anikwe umthwalo rhoqo kwi elunyaweni, amathambo unyawo utshintshile, kangangokuba yena, naye, waziva fatigue xa behamba okanye bemi. Daily angenzi nasiphi na isenzo motor kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba nemilenze, le ndoda ithile kubeka uxinzelelo bonke ubunzima bayo kule komzimba ebonakala ethe amancinci. Ubume unyawo nzima kakhulu kwindalo, njengoko kwiyunithi noshowo uqulathe inani elikhulu amathambo, nemisipha, amalunga, ebhityileyo kakhulu, kwakunye ezahlukileyo iimpawu zayo esebenzayo kwezihlunu. Amathambo apha, njengokuba okunene kuyo nayiphi na inxalenye yomzimba zezona amathambo eyenza inkangeleko ezikhethekileyo yonyawo. Njengoko ezandleni imilenze eliphezulu, yaye unyawo, kukho isebe ezintathu ezibalulekileyo.

1. ETarso. Ngoko ke, inxalenye lebhokisi elikhulu amathambo tubular le esiphelweni elisezantsi kunye entle. Ngokutsho ahlelwe histological iinkuni tarsal nga sibenokubizwa njengendawo imfunxa ngobukhulu mfutshane kakhulu. Xa zizonke, kukho amathambo ezisixhenxe ezincinane eTarso, apho ezinkulu zithathwa yokungqubana kunye calcaneus. Abanye, oko kukuthi, i-amathathu nesinqumka ezimilise, cuboid kunye namathambo navicular zobukhulu zabo ngaphantsi kakhulu ukuya ezimbini zokuqala. Ubume unyawo ngakumbi ukuba sele kukho inani elikhulu amalungu articular kwindawo encinci. Astragalus namathambo lesiquluba zakha i joint neqatha. Amathambo eziseleyo unyawo lomntu ahlobene omnye komnye nge amanye amalungu.
2. Imisipha. Kuyinto indawo ephakathi phakathi amathambo predplyusnievymi kunye phalanges zeenyawo. Metatarsals zilungiswe ngandlel distal abathathu nesinqumka-okwe kunye ithambo cuboid. Emathanjeni plyusnievyh ezintathu nal: intloko, edityaniswe kubo kunye phalanxes, umzimba kunye nesiseko odibanisa ezi zakhiwo yokwakheka kunye namathambo ezincinane tarsal namalungu.
3. Phalanges. Zisoloko abathathu, hayi kuquka ngomnwe yokuqala, apho kukho ezimbini kuphela phalanges. Le yinxalenye kuphela ale mfumba, leyo ungagotywa kwaye unbent, ngaphandle kokuthatha ingqalelo joint iqatha, nto leyo isiqingatha amathambo umlenze.

Ubume unyawo inomnye umsebenzi ngqo, kwaye zonke imibulelo kwisikhundla nkqo umzimba uphela. Isibakala sokuba esqwini longitudinal yonyawo kubekwe phantse kwi engile ekunene ukuya iasi eme nkqo wesahlulo proximal le nemilenze, Noko ke, ithambo kummandla azikho-moya enye abanye babo enza longitudinal, kwaye enye inxalenye Arch ezinqamlezayo. Isiqingatha phakathi onyawo ejongene yonyawo, kwaye khaxa - kumphezulu ngasemva, ngokulandelelana. Esi sakhiwo unyawo inika Springiness, luthambe kunye olugudileyo iqinelwa. Nokuphumla, umntu okunempilo ukuze phantsi sivalisisekile uchukumise ithambo isithende (nenduli yayo) kunye nentloko amathambo amadeo. Yonke enye into ezikufutshane yomhlaba izicwili elithambileyo unyawo. Kweli nqanaba, ie, ngexesha lokuphumla, Arch axhasayo, nto leyo limelwe kumphezulu olungaphandle yonyawo, nayo yarweca emhlabeni, yaye udini malunga engaphakathi sivuswe kancinane phantsi kwaye isebenza spring leaf (spring iqela iseti). Ebudeni bohambo Arch ekuweni iqela spring, ibuyisela endaweni yaso yesiqhelo, ngaloo ndlela aqale nyathelo kwaye sinciphise umthwalo ubunzima bomzimba kwi unyawo ngokwayo.