Tyumen region labemi: inkcazelo, inombolo, umsebenzi kunye nokwakheka yobuhlanga

ummandla Tyumen - enye kwimimandla inkulu eRashiya. imbali yayo, ezoqoqosho kunye iimpawu ezikhethekileyo. Isizathu soku, kuqala kwiinto zonke, abemi kulo mmandla Tyumen. Abahlali bommandla ezingafaniyo iimpawu kwawo ngokwedemografi nezentlalo. Thina ukuchaza iimpawu eziphambili kummandla kunye nabantu bayo.

indawo okuyo

Lo mmandla esemva izixeko phambene kwi West Siberian Plain, ummandla wayo Wasolula ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi kuyo yonke nobubanzi Russia. Lo mmandla yindawo ekuzalelwe ndawo kummandla yesithathu kweli lizwe, singene ezikwere zeekhilomitha 1.435.000 ummandla Tyumen erhangqwe Arkhangelsk, Sverdlovsk, eOmsk, Tomsk kunye neendawo Kurgan Komi Republic kunye kummandla Krasnoyarsk.

Inani labantu kummandla Tyumen likhaya la mazwe atyebileyo abohlukeneyo emdeni wayo ungabona ummandla arctic entlango, eyetundra ihlathi kumathafa, hlathi, amahlathi engumxube, ehlathini-emathafeni kunye emathafeni. Uncedo kwakhona ezimbini; ukusuka emathafeni ezintabeni amancinci.

Le ndawo igcwele kakhulu kwezibonelelo ezahlukeneyo. Kukho oovimba amaninzi amanzi kule ndawo namachibi ngaphezulu kwe 70,000 kwaye ngaphezu kwama-580 amawaka km yemilambo ezahlukeneyo. Eyona inkulu ke Irtysh kunye OB. Uninzi ezweni ngingqi ehlanganiswa amahlathi, amaplanga oovimba kummandla Tyumen ohlala kwindawo yesi-3 kweli lizwe. Kulo mmandla bebekelwa koovimba eziphambili igesi kunye neoli Russia, naye iidipozithi emikhulu umgquba zifunyanwa, nezokukhupha amatye anqabileyo, ilothe, chromite nangobhedu.

Hlola History

Vaaki yokuqala kummandla Tyumen wabonakala kwiminyaka engamawaka-40 eyadlulayo, sinokungqinelwa data yokwemba zakudala. Abemi wokuqala kummandla Tyumen baba ephila. abemi yalungisa kuvela emva kwexesha ngokwaneleyo kwiinkulungwane 13-16, oko wagcinwa Tyumen Khanate, equka nangezinto Kerayit. Ngenkulungwane ye-16, urhulumente Russian baqalisa ukwakha apha Tyumen entolongweni, yaye kamva endaweni yayo kwavela isixeko Tobolsk. Ngenkulungwane ye-18 saba likomkhulu kweli phondo enkulu yaseSiberia. Amaxesha amaninzi umhlaba wanyikima kumaphondo ahlukeneyo udlame, kodwa abasemagunyeni ziye zaphumelela nabo.

Emva Revolution, oku kwaku ngamatutu Jikelele Alexander Kolchak, yaye kuphela ngo-1919 apho yade yamiswa ekugqibeleni amandla yiSoviet, elikomkhulu mmandla uba Tyumen. Ukususela ngo-1944, lo mmandla ikhona imida yayo ngoku.

Climate and nendawo

Lo mmandla ibekwe nokunikezelwa ezininzi imimandla zemozulu: arctic, Arctic apha ngasentla kunye ziingcathu-elizwekazi kakhulu - embindini kunye nomzantsi. Uninzi ummandla bobabo kwindawo sezulu, kunye, ebusika elide ukubanda, ehlotyeni ezimfutshane cool. Ebusika, iqondo lobushushu ngasentla embindini amanani igcinwe thabatha degrees 29 ehlotyeni - plus malunga 7. Ukuze ezantsi ngoJanuwari, ithemometha kubonisa umlinganiselo thabatha degrees 18 Julayi - dibanisa 20. ngasemntla, ehlotyeni emhlabeni nomkhe- ngaphandle hayi ngaphezulu kwe-1 imitha.

Le ngingqi iwela kakhulu eninzi imvula - 600 mm ngonyaka, ngenyanga ezinemvula yi Julayi, xa ukuwa kwabo ukuya kutsho kuma-20% azo zonke iidipozithi. Uqweqwe ikhephu emantla ithatha ukususela kwiinyanga ezisi-8 ukuya kowe-10, apha ngasezantsi - 6.

Imeko zokusingqongileyo ayikho kakhulu kakuhle kule ngingqi. iinkampani Industrial kunye nezimbiwa ababakhathalele malunga nokusingqongileyo, liyanda inani lezithuthi nalo nefuthe elibi umoya ococekileyo, kukho kwakhona ingxaki yokulahlwa zasekhaya kunye nenkunkuma mveliso. Region Administration wenza imigudu ezahlukeneyo zokusombulula ezi ngxaki, kodwa okoko nje kungcoliseko lomoya namanzi, ingakumbi Tyumen, kuphakamisa iinkxalabo.

Icandelo lolawulo-lwengingqi ndawo nabemi nokwabiwa

Ngokutsho ukwahlulwa yakutshanje lwengingqi mmandla ukusuka-1993, le nto ndiyibhalayo izithili 38 kunye nemizi-26. Esi sixeko sikhulu likomkhulu kummandla, apho abantu 720.000 kuphila. Zokuhlala inkulu mmandla nayo Surgut (350 amawaka abantu), Nizhnevartovsk (270 amawaka abantu), Nefteyugansk (125 amawaka abantu), Mbovy Urengoy (111 amawaka abantu) noNovemba (110 amawaka abantu).

Malunga ne-77% yabantu uhlala ezidolophini, kukho inkqubo yokwandisa inani labemi ngenxa nencindi abahlali kwiilali. Ukuxinana kwezi Tyumen kummandla labantu ungabantu 2.4 square kilometre nganye, uphakathi kwimimandla Russian 75. inxalenye phantse hlali esemantla mmandla.

amandla kwabantu

kuyajongwa ngendlela inani yabemi kwingingqi ekuqaleni ngo-1959, xa kwakukho malunga ngabantu kwesigidi. Kumaxesha Soviet, abemi Tyumen mmandla ikhule ngokuthe chu. ukwanda kwenzeka kwixesha ukususela 1979 ukuya 1987, xa babehlala apha kubantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-3.

Emva koko kukho ukuhla elibukhali kwenani labemi. Kodwa ke uphuhliso oluzinzileyo yommandla kunye noshishino lokomba liye kukhokelele kwinto yokuba nkqu kule minyaka perestroika, xa kweli lizwe kwakukho ombi inani yabemi, waziqonda ukuba okwahlukileyo. Namhlanje million 3.6 zabantu abahlala kuloo mmandla.

iimpawu labantu

Ukususela kwimimandla ezininzi Russia ndawo umahluko isakhiwo yayo. Tyumen mmandla labemi 83% iqulathe Russian, nangezinto ukwenza i-8%, kwaye likhaya amaqela amancinane abantu bezizwe lwemveli: i Nenets, Mansi, Khanty, chuma, Evenk. Noko ke, 95% yabantu ingqalelo ulwimi Russian lolona lwimi zonxibelelwano.

Kodwa kule ndawo umba isini akukho eyahlukileyo kakhulu nabanye imimandla yeli lizwe. enabantu besilisa sifunda iqela elincinci ngaphezu ababhinqileyo. Kuba elowo umfazi uyawa 1.1.

indawo izibalo

Region yohlukile kwezinye iingingqi ezininzi Russian kulutsha abemi balo. Iminyaka yobudala-avareji apha engama-37 ubudala. Oku kukhokelela ekubeni kwicandelo amazinga aphezulu wenzala - lokuzalwa 17.2 nganye bonke abantu amawaka. Izinga lokufa kwingingqi lifinyele ngokucothayo isantya neqondo lokuzalwa kwabantu ngabantu 8.9 ngamnye abemi amawaka.

Kodwa bempilo kummandla usezantsi thile kune-avareji kazwelonke, oko kukuthi iminyaka engama-71 ubudala, kodwa notyekelo ukwandisa. Le ndawo Kuyaqapheleka kakhulu izinga lokukhula yokufuduka. Rhoqo ngonyaka kukho iindwendwe malunga 4 amawaka. Uxhomekeko Ngokubanzi ratio kwingingqi lingaphantsi avareji kazwelonke, kwaye kufuneka notyekelo ukunciphisa ngakumbi. Namhlanje inani ngu 662.

indawo economy

Ummandla ibalasele kwezinye izifundo ezininzi Russian kuqoqosho oluzinzileyo zithembisa. Imimandla ephambili yengqesho abemi, njengoko Employment Centre of the Tyumen kummandla labemi, kukho imigodi kunye noshishino amafutha. Ikhupha kakhulu yeoli Russian kunye negesi. Nawasezincotsheni ebalulekileyo kwimveliso kwakhona sphere iinkuni-processing. Xa imisebenzi amashishini amane amakhulu kwimizi: isityalo ibhetri, isityalo injini, "Neftemash" zalapho. Le ndawo sele ephuhliswe kakuhle sphere zothutho, urhwebo kunye nenkonzo.

umsebenzi

uphuhliso loqoqosho uqinise kuvumela endle ukuba sibe nethemba ngekamva, kodwa, nangona oku, kukho ingxaki yentswela-ngqesho. Namhlanje, ingqesho Tyumen labantu mmandla exhalabisa lolawulo lweengingqi. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba izinga lentswela liye kutshanje lehla kancinane, xesha ngaphezu amanani zonke-Russian yaye 5.1.

Ingxaki enkulu ekufumaneni umsebenzi ezehlela abantu abane kwimfundo ephakamileyo, ingakumbi abasetyhini, njengoko izithuba ziphambili ezinxulumene ngemisebenzi efuna.