TU 22m3: iinkcukacha-moya (iifoto)

bomber Supersonic Tu-22M3 kungoku nje imodeli uthotho entsha ehlala ihleli ekuhlaseleni kwanokubhalwa «nomkhwezeli». Ukuguqulwa iphiko bume-geometry yenziwe endaweni lixesha TU-16. I entsha "M3" bayakwazi ukwenza izixhobo ezinamandla, ukusombulula iingxaki qhinga, enze iinqwelo-elide kude. In the International Classification of Tu-22M3 ekuhlaseleni kwakucingwa ukuba ezontathu nabakumgangatho ophakathi.

Iinjongo kunye nenjongo

Enomjukujelwa "M3" ukulungisa ezilungele ngokuqhushumba kweebhombu kulwakhiwo ulwandle nomhlaba ukuze impi. Ibetha ziveliswa kwaye ilawulwa imijukujelwa moya. Tu-22M3 ekuhlaseleni ukuba hit iithagethi kwiqela moya kwaye zibangele nangaliphi na ixesha, nkqu iimeko zemozulu zimaxongo.

Ukhuseleko ekuhlaseleni kwenziwa kanomathotholo-elektroniki ingcinezelo ngokukhethekileyo kweziphazamiso kunye ukhuseleko nomoya mihla. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akukho bomber engcono, nenokuthi wabetha iithagethi optically ezingabonakaliyo ngesantya liwuphakamele Tu-22M3. Iimpawu ze-moya kwenza kube buyafuneka xa ngokuhlasela isithuba encinane nomphakamo ophezulu. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le ukulungiswa uyakwazi ukwenza le misebenzi ilandelayo:

1. Hlula ebalulekileyo ukusuka kwindawo yomkhosi ngembono kwamaziko-mveliso ngasemva utshaba.

2. Ukutshatyalaliswa iinjongo ngexesha imfazwe imikhosi qhinga kunye mboni.

3. Amaqela Attack inqanawa ngexesha elinye kunye nenkcaso anti-moya umlilo.

4. Ukuba kude kulothuse imikhosi utshaba koovimba yokusebenza ezayo.

5. Ingxelo uphazamiso kwaye moya ehlasela ingxolo kunye imijukujelwa ekhokelwa.

6. Intelligence Management ngezidumbu ubuninzi kunye avareji.

7. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo imikhosi air zokhuselo, navies kunye izimpi.

History of indalo

Imveliso Wide lokuguquka TU-22m kwaqhwalelisa uphuhliso lobuchwepheshe zexabiso kunye ezintsonkothileyo. Nangona kunjalo, uyilo yenziwe indlela entsha ekudalweni usengxakini bomber iphela. Okokuqala, iinjineli bamshiya ingcamango enye imo mbono. Emva kokuhlolisisa zonke iinkcukacha, bagqiba ukwakha moya multi-mode eyayiza kuba uyakwazi ukwenza undizela ezahlukeneyo kunye ngezantya ngexesha elifanayo atshabalalise amandla utshaba ngobuciko esiphezulu. Isisombululo yaba ukuqaliswa ingqikelelo amaphiko geometry bume. Ngokungafaniyo imifuziselo odlulileyo, i-Tu-22M3 elide-uluhlu iimpawu likuvumela ukuba wenze utyeshelo ukususela gumbi kakhulu ntli ukuba ezase. Isigqibo ukuvelisa i bomber ebanzi yenziwa ngo-1974 iBhunga labaPhathiswa USSR. Sisiseko oomatshini abatsha wahamba ngcono Kuznetsov NK-25 injini. Noko ke, kukho iprojekthi replacement akukho malini. langoku nawo kunye noyilo enomjukujelwa kunye yokubhabha. Ngenxa yoko, uphuculo zancitshiswa kakhulu ubunzima-moya.

Ekupheleni kuka-1970 oko yasungulwa imveliso amaqela amakhulu "M3", nto leyo ngoko nangoko emva kovavanyo wadlula intsalela yiSoviet Air Force. Omnye umahluko ophambili ukusuka model ezidlulileyo kungandisa kuphambuka engile iphiko ukuya ° 65. Oku kwanika ukufihla amabandla fairing yesekethe unit ujikelezo hydraulic. Kwakhona ke elide fuselage nokuphucuka ukulwa nezixhobo. Ukongeza, okokuqala kuye isicelo ezivelisa licwecwe kunye zombane ofumaneka kule kwinkqubo yonikezelo amandla ka-Tu-22M3.

iimpawu technical

Ulwakhiwo bomber i monoplane metal cantilever. Indawo iphiko - i-avareji, variable, itshayelwe. unit umsila - single-fin. Chassis - Cyber, ezinamavili. Eyona e Tu-22M3 iinkcukacha ikhabhathi. Oku uyakwazi ukuhlalisa ukuya kubantu-4. Kulo mzekelo, yalila ibekwe ngababini: phambi - yabaqhubi ezimbini, emva - Umlawuli kunye Umatiloshe. Le fuselage kukwabonisa isakhiwo yesinyithi. Isakhelo luqiniswe longitudinal imiqadi. Wings - coffered, dvuhlonzheronnoe equka iphiko centre, iiyunithi rotary kunye SCHK. Onke malungu ezihambelanayo integrally. Njengoko kwamatanki wamafutha osetyenzisiweyo caissons. uphume Rapid luya kufikelelwa ngokusebenzisa beziya zidlala kunye namacandelo amathathu unit ujikelezo. Nkqo umsila iphini kunye isiqu thaca.

Imoto eyodwa moya Tu-22M3 iimpawu kuvumela ukuphumeza ukuwutyhalela kulo kwimo afterburner, ukuya ku-20 amawaka Kum. Ngaloo kwesona santya siphezulu yi 2300 km / h, kwimo ingami - 930 km / h.

Iimpawu zolawulo

I TU-enomjukujelwa carrier 22m3 moya simelwe somfanekiso longitudinal and ezinqamlezayo, abalithimbayo kunye nenkqubo yolawulo amaphini okugwedla. Controllability kuphunyezwa ngokulandela caba kunye nelungu ujingi. Kwimeko ezinxaxhileyo ngengozi eseleyo ibanjelwe somfanekiso.

Kukubonelela lokomeleza inkqubo yolawulo Tu-22M3. Iimpawu kwamaphiko kube lula ukufezekisa uzinzo ngokupheleleyo amacandelo hydromechanics rotary kunye avionics zombane. Ngale bomber onokusinika nitrogen kwi engile ukusuka degrees-20 ukuya kuma-65. Console moya caba ubambe kakuhle ngenxa ivuse. Iimpawu zezi izixhobo yokukhangela ekwinqwelo apho isakhiwo NK-45, i-PNA radar kanye phambi woqondo OPB-015T, kunye nenkqubo ukhokelo enomjukujelwa kunye isikhululo oluzenzekelayo AFCS-145m. Unxibelelwano phakathi enqanaweni yi SDA-7.

Arsenal nokhuseleko

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, enye yezona ndlela woyika nonamandla yokuhlasela umoya nje bomber Tu-22M3. Iinkcukacha shock- inxalenye moya ubungqina. Axhobe supersonic moya - ekhokelwa enomjukujelwa Kh-22. Ngaphezu koko, bomber abe gumbi elizinikeleyo yezixhobo zomkhosi iindawo ubumfazwe.

Ukufakwa vnutrifyuzelyazhnyh kunye consoles ejection yangaphandle entabeni ukuya ku-10 X 15 uhlobo imijukujelwa. Xa gruzootseke kukho imiqadi ezikhethekileyo ulenga zibhombu nasemigodini ukuya ku-3000 kg. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba umthwalo siphezulu ezinengxaki moya malunga nama-24 neetoni. Kuba zokuzikhusela enomjukujelwa ukuhlasela utshaba mayixhotyiswe inkqubo umpu GS-23 kwiyunithi computing eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi kunye radar. Ukuxhathisa uphazamiso kwaye ubhaqo TU-ebizwa 22m3 complex "phambene-M".

isicelo yokulwa

Bomber wayengomnye imikhosi logwayimbo umoya engundoqo ngexesha lemfazwe Afghanistan ekupheleni 1988. Impi e Chechnya phezu kwesibhakabhaka wasezulwini alawule Tu-22M3 kunye mig-31-MB. moya Joint-moya supersonic wenziwa ukuze kuxhaswe ukuhlasela moya ngenxa eziba obhobhozayo.

Ngexesha lasehlotyeni ngo-2008, abaliqela yala maxesha Tu-22M3 wenza ngesibetho ejoliswe kukho iingongoma ezibalulekileyo qhinga umkhosi Georgian eMzantsi Ossetia. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba akukho onobuhle thotho TU-22m ebengasoze phezu kwamanye amazwe, nangona ngokuphindaphindiweyo iye yabonisa umdla China ne India.

ukuguqulwa ezinkulu

Okwangoku kukho ezimbini kuphela ukwahluka bomber advanced:

1. Kwimeko imodeli TU-22m3M aguqulwa inkqubo abalibona SVP-24-22. Maxesha iye kwakhona unenzondelelo navigation kunye nezintsonkothileyo computer.

2. TU-22m3R yi-moya kwesimo, njongo yakhe eyintloko jamming i iinkqubo utshaba Locator. Le ukuguqulwa alukhange lufumane isicelo ngokubanzi.