Transmission ilifa: ingqiqo kunye lilunge nawe ilifa

transmission ilifa - eli gama lisetyenziswa ngokusesikweni kuwiso-mthetho RF. Ukuqonda eli kolu luvo kubalulekile nje ukuba abantu ababandakanyekayo kwinzululwazi zomthetho neenkqubo, kodwa kananjalo abemi abaqhelekileyo. Nazo kubomi bemihla ngemihla kunye nelifa, kuquka ngendlela transmission, kunye bonke. Ngoko ke sicebisa ukuba uwazi le migaqo ukufunyanwa sisityebi kwaye bafunde ezinye bokuqonda yayo ebalulekileyo.

Ingcamango transmission zamafa

Xa iincwadi zomthetho, udluliselo kuthathwa imeko okhethekileyo ukuya ngasekunene kungaqatshelwanga ukwamkela ipropati ilifa ayikho indlalifa, kunye nabanye abantu ngokuthanda okanye ngumthetho. Oku kwenzeka xa ukufa yoMsayini, izinto ezo ezenzeka emva kokuba ilifa nkqubo lokuvula. Yimeko ebalulekileyo kukuba umntu akanayo ixesha lokuthatha iimpahla ezibonakalayo kunye nezo zingabonakaliyo phakathi kwixesha elichazwe ngumthetho. Kulo meko, kungenzeka ukufumana ipropati ongasekhoyo eyaziyo, nakwizizalwana zakhe, nakokwabo osenyongweni - ngokomthetho okanye intando, ukuba kwenzeka. Njengenxalenye ukosuleleka ilifa indlalifa ungasekhoyo ebizwa transmittentom. A isimo esitsha, athe sinikezwe ilungelo lokufumana impahla, ebizwa transmissarom.

Ifa Law of the Russian Federation, ukudluliselwa

Kulo mthetho Russian, kuphuhliso kunye nokwamkelwa isahlulo sesithathu Civil Code of ilifa kunye nomthetho abucala amazwe ngamazwe, ibinzana elithi "transmission amafa" iye ngokusesikweni. Kuye kusetyenziswa kuphela kulo mkhuba yomthetho kunye ezincwadini zesayensi. Kakade ke, kwi-Civil Code of the RSFSR ngo-1964 (v. 548) bahlola ithuba transfer amalungelo ilifa kwiimeko ezithile. Ingcamango i "ukudluliselwa" emthethweni zoludwe i-Russian Federation iye yachazwa yaye yamkelwa ngokusesikweni ngoMatshi 2002, xa isahlulo sesithathu Code Civil.

Undoqo yeyokuba isigqibo ubutyebi transmittenta uyaqhubeka ilungelo transmissaru (kwimeko ukufa wokuqala), emva kwenkqubo yokuqala propati. transmission ilifa kwenzeka xa transmittent unalo ilungelo ekutyebeni ngexesha lokufa kwakhe, oko kukuthi akukho ababevinjwe eli lungelo enkundleni, elafunyanwa okanye azishiye yena ngokuthanda. Enye into ebalulekileyo ukuba transmissar akwazi ukufumana isabelo selifa ukuba kwakuthetha ukuba transmittentu. Ukuba yokugqibela kuya kuba ezihlangwini ezininzi - baya kulidla ilifa ndawonye, ekusenokwenzeka alinganayo.

Iimpawu yoguquko amalungelo ilifa ukuze transmissaru

Makhe sijonge ezinye iinkalo "transmission zamafa" indlela. Of Civil Code (ubugcisa. 1156, p. 1) ithi ukuba lungelo ilifa ipropati uvele transmissara transmittenta emva kokufa, ayiqukwanga njengenxenye yelifa lakhe. Oko kukuthi, ukuba transmissar uya kufa, akakwazi ukuba basebenzise ilungelo labo ukuthatha le ndawo, oko awukwazi ukuya neendlalifa zakhe. Xa kunjalo, ukuba kukho ezinye transmissary transmittenta, isabelo womfi uya kuya kubo, kwaye ukuba akunjalo - iindlalifa, abo babiziweyo ukuthatha ilungelo ilifa emva kokufa eyona mpahla lowo. Maxa wambi kuyenzeka ukuba transmittent yafa emva kokuba kucace ukufa kwalowo unqophisileyo, kodwa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ixesha lokuba athathe ngenxa kuye ubutyebi. Kulo mzekelo, idityanisiwe ekwakhiweni impahla yayo, ilungelo apho ziya kuthunyelwa intsapho yakhe qho jikelele.

Ukwamkelwa ilifa. transmission njengelifa practice egwebayo

Ukuze uqonde indawo n. 1 tbsp. 1156, cinga mzekelo ulandelayo. Le mpahla wafa, kodwa wakwazi ukwenza umyolelo, apho wavakalisa umnqweno wakhe ukuba amisele ezihlangwini zakhe nakwisiqingatha umzalwana kunye nonyana. Inyanga emva kokuvulwa umzalwana ilifa wafa. Ngendlela yokosulela ilifa ilungelo ukufumana izinto eziphathekayo kwabatyhutyha umfazi wakhe, waba yindlalifa kuphela kwinqanaba lokuqala. Noko ke, umfazi kaFilipu umninawa wakhe wafa ngesiquphe phambi kokuba asebenzise ilungelo lakhe. Ngoko ke, isabelo engundoqo yipropathi mpahla, apho ekuqaleni ezibanjwa indoda yakhe, uya kunikwa transmittentu ekhoyo yesibini - nyana kwalowo unqophisileyo.

transmittenta impahla Personal. Ziziphi Ukuze luya izalamane zakhe?

Ukuba transmittenta ukufa izalamane nabahlobo bakhe ithuba ilifa iinzuzo yakhe ezibonakalayo kunye nezo zingabonakaliyo. Oko kukuthi, enyanisweni icace phandle ukuba ezihlangwini transmittenta abanalo ithuba wokwamkelwa ngaxeshanye lwezibonelelo ezimbini - enye into ebonakala emva kokuba kucace ukufa kwalowo unqophisileyo, yaye loo nto ibenza ukuze yokosulela zamafa. Omabini la malungelo zizimele kwaye iphunyezwe ngokuzimeleyo. Ukufumana ilifa transmittenta kuza kwenziwa qho jikelele, oko kukuthi, nokuba ngokomthetho okanye ngokuthanda. Indlela yokufumaneka ubutyebi ngendlela yokosulela zamafa yahlukile nje kancinane. Kulo mzekelo, ifowuni iya kwenziwa kuphela ezihlangwini ngokomthetho, kwaye iindlalifa kunyulwa ukusuka isangqa izalamane nezihlobo zikamfi ziya. Kodwa kukho Kwimeko ongasetyenziswayo kuyo lo mgaqo. Ukuba transmittent ixesha libhale kwaye atyikitye umyolelo apho wavakalisa umnqweno wakhe ukuhlawula zonke yempahla yayo ukuze umntu othile, kuyo kwakhona luya, kunye nelungelo ukulahla ilifa ukuze yokosulela. Ukuba ubuncinane inxalenye encinane iinzuzo ezibonakalayo kunye nezo zingabonakaliyo akazange kucacisiwe kwi intando (izinto zekhaya, ifenitshala, njalo-njalo), Ukufikelela kule propati ziya kudluliselwa neendlalifa nomthetho. Ukhetho abantu ekufuneka yenziwe ngokwe kuqala.

Ukwamkelwa ilifa. transmission ilifa: circle kweendlalifa

Of the Code Civil ichaza abemi alandelelana yokosulela ukuze afumane ilungelo elisemthethweni ukwenza non-eziphathekayo kunye nobutyebi. In Art. 1156 lwabonisa ukuba kungenzeka ekutyebeni, ekuqaleni etyalwa transmittentu, kudluliselwa neendlalifa zakhe zomthetho okanye, ukuba bonke ubutyebi yaba nkani ngokupheleleyo, - yindlalifa phantsi intando. Xa iyonke kukho izigaba ezisixhenxe. Kulo mzekelo, ubuso manqanaba kwesibini ingathatha lilunge nawe ilifa kuphela xa kungekho izalamane close ngakumbi (okanye ekukhatyweni ilifa) ukusuka ijika wangaphambili. Okuphambili okunomahluko ekuvelisweni ubutyebi transmittentu ngenxa makabe nowakhe umfazi okanye indoda, umama notata, kwakunye nabantwana, kuquka olungekazalwa, kodwa yamitha ngexesha lokuphila kwakhe.

Ukufumana amanani ngokulandelelana yokosulela ngabazali evinjwa amalungelo lobuzali

Ngokutsho Civil Code, oko kukuthi Art. 1156, ukuba abazali musa ukulufezekisa uxanduva lwabo bekhulisa kunye nokhathalelo, yaye ngaloo ndlela evinjwa lwamalungelo lobuzali, kunokwenzeka ukuba ilifa impahla umntwana wakhe ukuze yokosulela. Ukuze siqonde uhlobo ingxaki, cinga meko zilandelayo. Citizen ufa ngaphandle wenza umyolelo. uyise kuvinjwa amalungelo lobuzali. ntwana umyoleli engenako, wayesele efile unina kunye nomfazi wakhe. Ngendlela ilifa ngumthetho ipropati kufuneka afumane isiqingatha-umninawa wakhe, waba umyoleli nokunxulumene ngenxa kayise. Kwimeko ukufa umzalwana wakhe emva kokuvulwa zoludwe kunye nokungabikho komyolelo, ilungelo lokuba athathe iinzuzo ezibonakalayo kunye nezo zingabonakaliyo iza kuhamba umyalelo usasazeko transmittenta yakhe indlalifa kwinqanaba lokuqala - uyise, Ongasinikelanga kuvinjwa amalungelo lobuzali malunga ezihlangwini kamfi. Ngoko ke, kubonakala ukuba umzali uya kufumana impahla, unyana wakhe, ngokubhekiselele kuso evinjwa amalungelo lobuzali, yaye ekuqaleni akukho ekunene butyebi bakhe indlalifa ukusondela kuye. Ngokwembono esemthethweni, le ezincinane bugwetyelwe, ekubeni ngokwenene lomzali awona ilifa ipropati ayikho semva kokuba umntwana lowo abafundanga kwaye ayinalo, yaye emva transmissara ngokubhekiselele oye na kuvinjwa amalungelo lobuzali.

Yintoni na ixesha ukwamkela ilifa?

umthetho Russian icwangcisa ixesha ngexesha ekufuneka zenziwe ngokuthatha ipropati le nkqubo. Yena iinyanga ezintandathu ukusuka kumhla ukufa kwalowo unqophisileyo, okt ukususela ekudalweni lilunge nawe ilifa. Kwimeko yokosulela zamafa limisela ixesha elikhethekileyo. Oku kwikhompyutha ukususela kwimini xa ilifa wavuleka. Xa kunokwenzeka ukuba ukufa transmittenta emva kokuba kweenyanga ngaphantsi kwe-3, ixesha elo landisiwe ukuya kumda (iintsuku ezingama-90). Kuba zokwamkelwa ipropati ebeyinalo transmittentu uswelekileyo ngqo, esebenzisa ithuba leenyanga ezintandathu, ibalwe ukusuka kumhla lokuvula yayo. Abo ziindlalifa ngubani emva kwexesha kuvelisa ubutyebi ukuze yokosulela, ngokusebenzisa iinkundla kuthathwa ukuyamkela. Ukongeza, ukuba inkundla wathi uyayiqonda ukuba oonobangela ngokumka kobutyebi kwisithuba ngexesha elimisiweyo ayenentlonelo ngokwenene, unako kubuyiselwa ebomini.

Ukuthumela nokufumana ndyebo ilungelo umelo. Zahlukene njani?

Fa ngasekunene wokumelwa kwakunye ukosuleleka ilifa - bona iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezimbini ukuze inguqu kwezakhiwo kunye nezixhobo kunye nezibonelelo ezingaphathekiyo ukusuka umfi ukuya abamlandelayo. Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni ubuntu babo. transmission lelifa yahlukile imbonakalo ilungelo lomntu abalilifa kuye ngenxa yokuvulwa ilifa, ukwalela okanye ukuxhonywa ezinye izalamane womfi. Kananjalo waziwa fa ilungelo ukumelwa, podnaznacheniem yindlalifa kunye ukwenyuselwa iinxalenye ngelifa. Okokuqala, lo ukudluliselwa liqala ukwenza kuphela xa kusehla ukufa transmittenta, emva kokuvulwa-asethi eziphambili kwalowo unqophisileyo. Kwaye ke fa ilungelo ukumelwa, kunokwenzeka, ukuba umntu ekufuneka ngokomthetho ukuba ubizwe ukufumana impahla, uyafa phambi kokuvulwa ilifa (oko kukuthi, phambi kokuba ukufa kwalowo unqophisileyo, okanye ngaxeshanye nalo). Kulo mzekelo, ubutyebi uya kubantu abathile enkonzweni yabo. Okwesibini, ukudluliselwa yemfuza, ukongeza ekunikeni ilungelo impahla ungasekhoyo, ulungisa inkqubo yokwenza ubutyebi. Ilungelo ukumelwa, ekubeni ilungelo ayinyani ngabantu abathile, elimiselwe ngokomthetho, akunjalo. Xa ukuphunyezwa kwale ndlela elifana neli beesekethe umgangatho njengoko kwilifa yesiqhelo. Okwesithathu, ukuze le ugqithiso zizakucima zilayite ngokuzenzekela lasekunene transmissaru transmittenta. Xa ilifa yi ukumelwa yokulandelelana phakathi indlalifa, bafe ngaphambi kokuvulwa mhlaba, kunye nabantwana bakhe kunye nenzala apho.

Kwezinye iimeko, indlela uthumelo imisiwe?

Umthetho ubonelela ngaphandle eziliqela, xa umyalelo yolandelelwano akunakuzalisekiswa:

• ngaxeshanye, kufa - yaye mpahla kunye nendlamafa;
• kukho umyolelo apho umyoleli enye ezihlangwini;
• transmissar uba yindlalifa enyanzelekileyo.

Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha. Imeko yokuqala awukuvumeli ukuba ukudluliselwa ilungelo lokufumana amaxabiso transmissaru njengoko ukufa ngaxeshanye kwalowo unqophisileyo kunye indlalifa akaphenduli ukudluliselwa imeko ibalulekileyo ukufa transmittenta emva ilifa ivulwa. Imeko yesibini: ukufumaneka ethanda kwakhona ishenxisa ithuba indlela yokudlulisela i. Civil Code (Art. 1121, p. 2) linika legator khetha enye indlalifa (ngaphandle core) kwimeko zibhubha yokuqala okanye phambi kokuvulwa ilifa okanye sikubongoza ngawo. Yimeko Kubalulekile ukuba le yeyona mfuneko intando yonke impahla, kunokuba iinxalenye zayo. Kungenjalo, ukosuleleka iya kufumaneka, kwaye baya kukhethwa transmissarami umntu evela isangqa ziindlalifa zomthetho.

endaweni yesiphelo

Ngoko ke, siye sakufunda kweli nqaku le ukudluliselwa ilifa kunye nelungelo lokumelwa. Siye wachaza isangqa kwiindlalifa, ixesha yokufumana ubutyebi kunye indlela transfer of transmittenta impahla yakhe. Safunda indlela ilifa lwenzeka ngendlela yokosulela zamafa. Sithemba ukuba le ngcaciso iya kuzuza nawe ze akuncede xa imfuneko kwipropati.