Izifo ezikhuselekileyo kunye nezingozi

Uluhlu lwezonyango eziyingozi kakhulu luncedo kuwo wonke umntu. Kuninzi kuxhomekeke kule nto. Izifo eziyingozi kakhulu zizifo ezithathelwanayo, ezibonakaliswe ngu: ukuzeka ngokukhawuleza, ukusasazeka ngokukhawuleza, ukutheleleka okukhulu, inqanaba elibi, izinga eliphezulu lokufa kwabantu. Izindlela zokusasazeka kweentsholongwane zihlukile, umzekelo, i- smallpox yendalo iyadluliselwa ngomoya, udibaniselwano-nendlu kunye nomoya womoya; I-Cholera - i-fecal-yomlomo kunye nomnxeba-nendlu; Ukukhulelwa kwesibetho kubakho ngokudluliselwa okanye kumaconsi. Izifo eziyingozi kakhulu, uluhlu lwezifo eziqhelanisiweyo okanye ezifowunelwayo: i-kolera, i-yellow fever, isibetho ne-smallpox.

Kwiyeza, kuthathwa njengokuba izifo eziyingozi kakhulu zithintekayo, zikhona ezine kuphela, kodwa aziphendulanga kakuhle unyango kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo isiphumo sesi sifo sichaphazelekayo, esibulalayo. Usulelo lusasazeka ngokukhawuleza kangangokuthi ngexesha elifutshane lesi sifo siba sikhulu. Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, izifo ezithinteleyo zibangele ukufa kwezigidi zabantu, kodwa ngokuphuhliswa kwezenzululwazi kunye neyeza, ezi zifo zinqabile kakhulu.

I-pathogenicity enkulu kakhulu kunye nokusuleleka kuphethwe yi-smallpox. Ngokuqhelekileyo, idluliselwa ngamaconsi amanzi (ngendlela), kwaye emva kokudluliswa kwesi sifo, umntu uhlala ekhuselekileyo. Njengomthetho, iimpawu ze-smallpox zibukhali. Isigulane sinomkhuhlane ophezulu kakhulu (ukufikelela kwi-40), ukukhawuleza kwenzeka, intloko yesifo, ukunyuka kwengxaki, kunye nabantwana banokungezelela ukufumana ukukhohlisa kunye neengcamango. Kwi-smallpox yengokwemvelo, ukubonakala kwe-rash isimboli. Okokuqala iipiliti zimboza ubuso kunye nentloko, kwaye i-trunk, kwaye kwinqanaba lokugqibela kukho ukunqotshwa kwamalungu. Ukuba eso sifo asiyinkimbinkimbi kwezinye izifo, ezifana ne-phlegmon, i-abscess, i-meningitis, i-encephalitis ne-necrotic myocarditis, ngoko kuvela emva kweentsuku ezilishumi.

Esinye isifo esiyingozi yiKholera. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umfanekiso weklinikhi unzima kwaye uyabizwa. Ekuqaleni kokuphuhliswa kwesi sifo umntu uziva ehlala efuna ukuchasana, engaphambi kweentlungu okanye iintlungu zesisu. Imfesi ikhawuleza ibe ngamanzi, kwaye emva kwexesha elincinci iphunga elithile linyamalalala kwaye iphunga lezambatho ezinobuthi okanye iintlanzi eziluhlaza zivela. Emva komhla okanye kwiiyure ezimbalwa, ukuhlanza okuqinileyo, okugqithisayo nokuphindaphindiweyo kudibanisa isifo sohudo, esingahlala sihamba nesantya. Ukutshabalalisa nokurhoxa kwangoko kukukhokelela ekudambiseni umzimba. Ukususela ekubeni izifo eziyingozi kakhulu, ngoko ke, ngekholera, kubhedlelelwa esibhedlele.

Umkhuhlane ophuzi ngowomnye ummeli wezifo eziyingozi. Inkohlakalo, eyayiqala ukuluma isilwanyana esetyholweyo (iindundane, iinkawu, ihagu), kwaye ke umntu, sithwale esi sifo. I-yellow fever inezigaba ezine zophuhliso: yokuqala, ukuxolelwa kwexesha elifutshane, i-stasis ye-venous kunye ne-convalescence. Isigaba sokuqala sibonakala ngokunyuka okuthe kratya kwamanani okubaluleka kwamanani amaninzi, intlungu kwiimisipha kunye nentloko, ukuhlanza okuninzi kwe-black and nausea. Kukho utshintsho ekubonakaleni kwesigulane - ubuso buba bukhukhumele, imilomo ivule kwaye ithole umthunzi obomvu, isikhumba sentamo nesifuba siba yi-hypermic, kwaye umlomo ucola inyama. Kwisigaba sesibini, izinga lokushisa liyanciphisa, ukuhlanza ukuyeka, kunye nentloko iya kuba yinto encinci. Eli nqanaba alihlali ixesha elide, ukusuka kwiiyure ezimbalwa ukuya kutsho, kwaye emva koko kuza isigaba sesithathu. Ubonakaliswe ngokuphindaphindiweyo kokushisa, ukunyuka kwe-jaundice kunye nokuphuhliswa kwesifo somzimba. Kwesikhumba kukho ukugqabhuka kwamanzi kunye nokuhlanza kwamanzi, ukuphuma kwegazi, i-hematuria, kunye nemeko jikelele iyahlahloka ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba umntu akafunanga uncedo, ngoko ukufa kuya kufikelela kwiintsuku ezingama-7-9.

Isibetho sinjalo neqela leentsholongwane eziyingozi ngenxa ye-pathogenicity ephezulu. Umphathiswa wesifo uyimirhubhe. Inkxwaleko ivela ngeendlela ezininzi: i-bubonic, i-dermal, i-skin-bubonic, i-septic kunye ne-pulmonary. Eyona nto ibonakalayo yi-bubonic. Uphawu oluphambili lwesibetho - ukubunjwa kwe-bubo kwi-lymph nodes. Ukuba awuyiphatheli lesi sifo, ke umphumo unye-isiphumo esibulalayo.

Zonke iintsholongwane eziyingozi zifuna ukuhlala esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza komntu ogulayo kunye neyeza ezinzulu.