Inkqubo yentlawulo National of Russia. Federal uMthetho "Ngomhla National Payment System"

I-National System of makhadi Russia iye yasekwa ngenxa yomthetho Federal № 112 yomhla we-Meyi 5, 2014. Injongo lasungulwa isebenza ukuqinisekisa ukufumaneka, ukusebenza kunye ukuqhubeka kubonelelo lweenkonzo ezinxulumene ukuthunyelwa kwemali. ngakumbi Qwalasela indlela inkqubo yesizwe amakhadi intlawulo Russian Federation.

ulwazi zembali

Ukusekwa kwenkqubo yentlawulo yelizwe kwaqala ngo-1990. Ngowe-1992 kwaye kwabanjwa zokuhlala zizodwa iziqalelo ze STB Card. inkqubo yentlawulo "Union Card" wadalwa 1993. Ngo 1999 ejoyina imibutho zebhanki 457 kunye nabo adibene zabo. Abathengi baye bakhululwa makhadi ngaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu. "Golden Crown" kwasekwa kuka 1993. Ngo-2014, inkqubo yentlawulo oku kuya kuzisa ngeenxa kunye 87 iibhanki ukuba ukhuphe amakhadi ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezi-8. Ngo-Oktobha 1994, iKomiti eSungulayo iye yasekwa. Iphulo for Ukusekwa kwalo ababekolo Moscow GTU Bank of Russia. IKomiti yaqalwa ngokuyintloko ekufunyanisweni iingxaki ekusebenzeni zokuhlala zizodwa yokuqala. Oku kuya kuvumela ukuba babe negunya nefuthe iphumelela ngokupheliswa ubunzima nokuqinisekisa lokutshintshiselana ngeembono kunye nemibutho zebhanki malunga nokwabelana ngolwazi. Njengoko omnye weyona misebenzi ibalulekileyo yeKomiti wakhuthaza lokuqulunqa nokuphuculwa kwenkqubo amakhadi zeplastiki eMoscow.

Imvelaphi ye kwakhiwe

Emva kokuhlalutya amava amazwe ngamazwe, University Technical eMoscow State, weyiseka ukuba Russian Federation unalo ithuba elikhethekileyo ukusebenzisa inkqubo ngamazwe, ingakumbi France, ukuba aye enqamulelayo. Ukulungiselela le njongo kufuneka ukuba bamanyane imigudu kwimibutho zebhanki. Moscow State University Technical ubone indima yalo kule nkqubo kulo ukudidiyelwa nxaxheba ukuyilwa kwenkqubo ikhadi elimanyeneyo eMoscow. Noko ke, uninzi imibutho zebhanki inkulu, abe uthungelwano kwamasebe ezikwiingingqi ezahlukeneyo Russia. Xa inkqubo yentlawulo zidibene wayeza kufumana isikali yesizwe.

iqela ukusebenza

Kuthathelwa ingqalelo imeko yangoku, GTU eMoscow ukutyhalela ugxininiso lwemisebenzi yayo emzimbeni wesigqeba Bank of Russia. I Iqela Elisebenzayo ibe iingcali ngaphezu mabini. Ukongeza ukwalathisa Bank of Russia zimelwe le Moscow State Technical University, i-Association of amaziko kwiibhanki zasekhaya. Phakathi amalungu Group eliSebenzayo le inkulu kunye kwenzeke. Ezi ziquka, ingakumbi, aquka Sberbank, "Agroprom", "Inkom 'SBS-Agro" kunye nabanye. Emisebenzini yeQela eliSebenzayo kunye arhente Fed. FAGCI. Le esilawulayo ngokwemigaqo oluninzi kakhulu abameli zamakhadi.

Iinkalo zezinto ezenziwa yeQela eliSebenzayo

Body iinzame kugxininisa kakhulu koku kulandelayo ziinjongo:

1. Development yamaxwebhu yeprojekthi ye-Bank of Russia, ukubonelela ukuhamba kunye nokusetyenziswa izinto zeplastiki ngokwenza imicimbi imali kwi-Russian Federation.
2. Development of the National Payment System.

Iimpepha Project waphuhliswa wathunyelwa kwinkokheli Russian ye-Bank. Kamva (emva ekuyekeni imisebenzi yeQela eliSebenzayo) yagqitywa kwaye samkelwa. Olu xwebhu isenzo sokuqala, nto leyo kulawulwa inkqubo yentlawulo yelizwe (NBTS). Ngokuphathelele umbuzo wesibini yomsebenzi esebenzayo yeQela eliSebenzayo weza phakathi ku-1996. Kweli nqanaba, umzimba wangena eqongeni wophuhliso kwaye ukuyilwa iprojekthi elilinge, apho wayeza ukwenza inkqubo yeSizwe makhadi. NBTS, ngokutsho iingcali of the World Monetary Fund, iza kufuna izigidi $ 5. Ezi mali kufuneka ube ngokwaneleyo ukuphumeza kwinethiwekhi. Phantsi ngokoMthetho Monetary Fund ka-50% yale mali sabelwa ngqo yedwa, kwaye esinye isiqingatha kufuneka eze eRashiya kwimithombo yayo. Credit card iinkampani, aba bakhoyo apha ekwakhiweni yeQela eliSebenzayo ngelo xesha, babekulungele baxhase-50% le projekthi. Baqinisekisa iileta zabo esemthethweni isivumelwano. Kodwa ke, njengokuba lolawulo Russian Bank iye yagqiba ekubeni ingqalelo imigudu yawo kuphuhliso kwezinye iindawo inkqubo yentlawulo yelizwe ukuya kowama-1996, ukusebenza namanye amalungu eKomiti International kwakunye ngqo Group eliSebenzayo wayekwa. iinzame Control ziye ikakhulu kugxininisa ukuyilwa iiprojekthi ethunyelwayo kwezixa ezinkulu kunye nemisebenzi isambuku ngemali.

2000

Ukuze inkqubo Russian yentlawulo yelizwe waqalisa ukusebenza, kuyimfuneko ukuba sikhokelo yolawulo. Ekuqaleni kuphuhliso yayingekho iiprojekthi zakhe. Kulo mba, phakathi kowama-2000. Yayamkela inani imithetho. Noko ke, kule nkqubo nokwamkela imithetho amanqaku ezininzi ezibalulekileyo zalahleka. Kwinqanaba elilandelayo umsebenzi ngemali le projekthi ayisekho bemi. Noko ke, iibhanki babengakwazi ukufikelela kwisivumelwano malunga ngubani kanye baya kufumana kulo inzuzo. isivuno market Huge akukho mbutho babefuna. Eli candelo yenza ingeniso ebalulekileyo ukusuka iikhomishoni ukuba imicimbi. Nangona Russian neebhanki ekuvunyelwene, kwimarike yahlulwa ngamazwe sentlawulo iinkqubo "Mfundisi Card" and "Visa". Ezinye iinkampani zemali sasekhaya kwasekwa iqela ubambiswano. Abathengi zezi bhanki ezinikwa iinkonzo-ATM yonke imibutho. Eli qela elikhulu igqalwa "United Settlement Network." Oku kubandakanya 100-ATM yeebhanki.

inkqubo yentlawulo kaZwelonke ka-Russia, inyathelo elilandelayo

Ngo-2010 wazithwala phandle uphuhliso imithetho yase ezijolise elawula ubonelelo ngeenkonzo zikamasipala kunye karhulumente. Its Imimiselo equlethwe iqala ukusebenza yesizwe intlawulo inkqubo ku Russia, kunye nokuqwalaselwa lwasekhaya iintengiselwano phesheya ukuthanda ivalwe. Noko ke, loo nto arhola ingqalelo i-US Embassy eMoscow. Kuye kwacaca ukuba xa ukungahoywa Bill ngaphandle utshintsho kwi "Card Mfundisi" inkampani kunye "Visa" uya kulahlekelwa emarikeni, enengeniso omalunga 4 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi. USA. Ngesi sihlandlo yoosaziwayo ndingenamsindo ucingo, zabhekiswa ku akwizikhundla eziphezulu umkhonzi yoluntu of America. Okubhaliweyo abasebenzi Kucetyiswa ukuba basebenzise intlanganiso kunye nabalingane kwi-Russian Federation ukubonelela uxinzelelo yokugqibela ukutshintsha lo mthetho uyilwayo. We Ngaloo kunika isiqinisekiso ukukhusela umdla kwiinkampani yaseMelika, ngaphandle ithuba nobungozi kubo. Kulo ezipapashiweyo isenzo engekhoyo yokuvalwa ngenkqubo zasekhaya kwemicimbi aphesheya.

Federal uMthetho "Ngomhla National Payment System"

It wavunywa ngo-2011. Federal uMthetho "Kwi-National Payment System" ichaza network njengoko iseti yeengxelo, imali. UMthetho umisela nezimaphambili ezingundoqo elawula ukunikezelwa kweenkonzo. Isenzo olumisiweyo ichazwa imithetho ekufuneka isebenze inkqubo yentlawulo yelizwe. isakhiwo network kwabunjwa ngokwesiseko esimisiweyo kulo mthetho. Kunye nale kuphethwa indlela apho kuya kwenziwa esweni kunye nolungelelaniso. Noko ke, uMthetho akazange ukubonelela inkqubo amakhadi yentlawulo yelizwe kunye umlomo processing of imicimbi Russian aphesheya.

izigqibo ezibalulekileyo

Baye yamkelwa ngo-2011. Ezi izigqibo malunga nokudalwa iphela yekhompyutha card, precluding athabathe inxaxheba kwinkqubo ngamazwe kweenkqubo "Mfundisi Card" and "Visa". Ngelo xesha Sberbank uthembise ukuba athathe amanyathelo Nokwethisa i "lobbyists ezi onxibelelwano kwi abasemagunyeni Russian." Ngu ekuqaleni kuka-2013 i-Central Bank na oyile irejista abaqhubi. zonke iinkqubo intlawulo, owayesebenza eRashiya ziye zenziwe kule kwisiseko. Phakathi kwabo, abo baba kude, nto leyo yaba intsingiselo ekhethekileyo kwezentlalo. Ezi zinto zibandakanya, ingakumbi, zafakwa phantsi: Iinkcukacha, kwinethiwekhi "VTB" kunye Savings Bank, "Golden Crown", "Mfundisi Ikhadi", "Visa".

2014

NgoMatshi waloo nyaka US wabeka izohlwayo nxamnye neRashiya ngokunxulumene ngokuqukwa wokugqibela eCrimea. "Ikhadi Master" yaye "Visa 'ixesha lesibini kwimbali iinkonzo ikhadi amisa inani yeebhanki basekhaya kwamanye-ATM kunye neendawo nokuthengiswa komsebenzi womnatha ngamazwe. Kulo mba, kwakhona kwavela umbuzo malunga yokuba eRashiya kufuneka kubekho inkqubo yentlawulo yelizwe. Russia kufuneka kwinethiwekhi yayo, elizimeleyo imeko ekhoyo ehlabathini. Kulo mba, ukulungiswa eziliqela izihlomelo kulo mthetho yamkelwa yasungulwa. Kwakufuneka lula ulwazi kunye nezibonelelo lwenkqubo yokuvalwa transfers le mali iza ngaphakathi Russian Federation. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukususwa komsebenzi amaziko - ezi zifundo ze-National Payment System - kufuneka ibekwe ngqo kwi kummandla lizwe. Kwangaxeshanye, lo Mthetho ubonelela umlomo ukubonelelwa ngendawo abanokungena kunye nokudluliselwa kolwazi kumazwe angaphandle ukuba iinkcukacha ngokuqhubekileyo zasekhaya kwi Russian Federation. Ekupheleni kukaMatshi 2014 oko yaqala ngenkuthalo baxoxe ukuphunyezwa amanyathelo ayimfuneko. UMongameli V. V. Putin ikuvumile ukusekwa kwe-National System uyala ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuze uqhubeke ukuba ilinge lokuyiphuhlisa kunye nokuyifezekisa.