Iindidi kwamalungelo: okotshiweyo in Russian

Phantsi yelayisensi yomqhubi (mvume lokuqhuba) kufuneka iqondwe uxwebhu, inika nokuba abemi ilungelo ukuthutha ulawulo kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo. , известных на сегодняшний день. Eli nqaku liza kuba luncedo ukuba ingqalelo eneenkcukacha mvume lokuqhuba isampula omtsha kunye khowudi yasiwa kumbhalo zonke iindidi ezaziwayo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.

Ubume mvume lokuqhuba

Okokuqala, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba mvume lokuqhuba ngamnye, nokuba udidi, kufuneka siqulathe le ngcaciso ilandelayo:

• Igama kunye nefani ngummi.
• Indawo kunye nomhla wokuzalwa komntu omnye.
• Umhla wokuphelelwa kwethuba yethutyana, iphepha-mvume lokuqhuba, kwakunye umhla wokukhutshwa yabo.
• Ukuprintwa kunye nesakhiwo igama, leyo ekhuphe uqhuba engummi mvume.
• inombolo mvume zokuqhuba ikhutshwe ukuba ngummi.
• Umbhalo nefoto umnini-mvume lokuqhuba (isiqinisekiso).
• которых представлена в последующих главах, а также подкатегории, на которые распространяется действие документа. Iindidi ngamalungelo okotshiweyo linikwa kwi kwizahluko ezilandelayo, ngokunjalo-Iindidi sub kuhlawulwa yi uxwebhu.
• ulwazi olongezelelweyo encoded okanye izithintelo ezithile zinxulunyaniswa umnini-mvume lokuqhuba (iingongoma isicelo, igazi, njalo njalo).

Kufuneka wazi ukuba irekhodi mvume lokuqhuba (ilayisensi yokuqhuba) kuveliswe nangesiCyrillic. Noko ke, xa usebenzisa oonobumba phonetic typing ezahlukeneyo inguqulelo efanelekileyo elandelayo.

mvume lokuqhuba imodeli entsha: ziqonde zonke iindidi

Mayisoloko ikhunjulwa into yokuba ukususela 2013 ziye iqhagamshelane udidi olutsha yaye, ngokunjalo, yomqhubi kwaza kwabekwa mvume. Ngoko, baye bavumela yokugubungela ukusa kumkhamo othile iintlobo ezininzi zezithuthi kunanini na ngaphambili. Kubalulekile ukuba ukongeza ukuba udidi olutsha amalungelo, ziqonde kuxoxwa ngezantsi, weza ukusebenza kuphela ngo-2014. Ukongezelela, abaninzi kubo kufuneka kuqeqeshwa ngokwahlukileyo. Kufuneka bazi ukuba xa kuvulwa udidi open we sub-zintlu indlela oluzenzekelayo. Kulo mzekelo, banelungelo lokuba ukulawula abaqhubi zothutho abaye naluphi udidi evulekileyo. Uyacetyiswa ukuba afunde banzi ngale ndlela iindidi amalungelo kunye nentsingiselo, efanelekileyo ngo-2017.

yombhalo

Njengokuba kuphawuliwe, ngowe-2014 saqalisa ukusebenza ezintsha ezithile malunga nesihloko. , которые относятся к группам А и В: Umzekelo, ezi ndidi zilandelayo amalungelo kunye neenkcukacha eziyimfuneko ukuze ukwaba, phakathi kwamaqela A and B:

• A - izithuthuthu.
• A1 - izithuthi uhlobo ngesithuthuthu, ubungakanani injini iyahluka ukusuka-50 ukuya kwi-125 cm cubic, nezinyuko lingaphantsi kwe 11kw.
• B - izithuthi, ubunzima iphezulu iitoni hayi ngaphezulu kwe emithathu enesiqingatha, kwaye inani lezihlalo - akukho iiyunithi ngaphezu kwesibhozo.
• B1 - quadricycles kunye enamavili.
• BE - moto B nge erhuqwayo. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukongeza ukuba kule meko ubunzima nevuthisayo kufuneka ibe ngaphezu kwama-750 kg.

Udidi C

, а именно, категорию С: Esi sahluko kuza kuba luncedo ukuqwalasela okotshiweyo kwezi ndidi kunye subcategories yokuhambisa mvume, oko kukuthi, Udidi C:

• C - iimoto, ubunzima iitoni leyo ngaphezu emithathu enesiqingatha, kubandakanywa itreyila, leyo inobunzima ngaphantsi kwama-750 yeekhilogram.
• C1 - iimoto, ubunzima ubuninzi apho uyahluka emithathu enesiqingatha ukuya kwiitoni esixhenxe enesiqingatha.
• CE - iimoto zodidi C itreyila ubunzima, leyo iyahluka ukusuka 750 kg ukuya kwi tonnes emithathu enesiqingatha.
• C1E - iimoto anobunzima ngaphezu emithathu enesiqingatha, kodwa iitoni ngaphantsi kwe esixhenxe enesiqingatha. cars ezinjalo zidla linxibelelene erhuqwayo ebunzima ngaphezu kwama-750 kg. Kubalulekile ukuba ukongeza ukuba ngoxa ubunzima iyonke kufuneka ungabi ngaphezu kweetoni elinambini.

Category D

Ngoku cinga okotshiweyo ye ukuqhuba kudidi mvume D:

• D - zezithuthi ezisetyenziswa ngokuyintloko izithuthi zikawonkewonke. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kuba izihlalo ngaphezu kwesibhozo ngaphandle umqhubi. Phela, apha isebenza erhuqwayo, ogama ubunzima ayikho ngaphezulu kwe 750 xa kuyimfuneko.
• D1 - iimoto, inani lezihlalo eyahlukileyo kuleyo-8 ukuya ku-16, ngaphandle umqhubi.
• DE - iimoto icandelo kunye isikhotshi, ubunzima apho esokuba iyahluka ukusuka 750 ukuya emithathu ithani nengxenye.
• D1E - DE Car udidi kunye ubunzima erhuqwayo, leyo isusela ukususela 750 kg ukuya tonnes-12.

Ziziphi iindidi ezinye?

, помимо выше представленных, следует отметить следующие пункты: Ingqalelo iindidi okotshiweyo kwimigaqo emitsha, ukongeza kungentla thaca, kufanele kuqatshelwe ezi ngongoma zilandelayo:

• M - Quadricycles, ngezithuthuthu kunye ezincinci, injini cm cubic kungekho ngaphezulu kwama-50.
• Xhosa - tram kuphela.
• TB - kuphela Sibona.

Udidi A, A1

подробнее. Cinga nganye ezikhutshelweyo thaca iindidi ezintsha lokuqhuba iinkcukacha mvume. Ngenxa yoko, udidi "A" kuyo nayiphi na imeko, kunika ummi ithuba isithuthuthu. Ngokungqinelana nomhlathi 1.1 we kwisahluko sokuqala imithetho yendlela kufuneka zizakujongwa njengo isithuthuthu ngoomatshini isithuthi enamavili amabini ngaphandle erhuqwayo okanye icala naye. Kubalulekile ukuba ukongeza ukuba izithuthuthu Namhlanje lifike 3-wheel kunye 4-wheel imoto, leyo zigqitywa ubunzima ukuze malunga 400 eekhilogram esebenzayo.

Kwakhona Category kunilungele A1 iza kubalelwa kudidi izithuthuthu, kodwa umahluko phakathi kweli kunye neendidi zangaphambili isithuthi ngamandla (kulo mzekelo - ukususela-50 ukuya kwi-125 cm ^3). Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba ukuthutha evunyelwa ukuba ukusebenza, ukuba udidi ingqalelo ubalisa isithuthuthu.

ilayisensi yokuqhuba: yonke ezama zonke iindidi. Udidi Group B

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba kudidi B kunika ummi ukulawula umkhweli imoto mass elingedlulanga iitoni emithathu enesiqingatha. Ukongezelela, inani iindawo akufanele ibe ngaphezu kwesibhozo. Phela, kule meko phambi ubunzima erhuqwayo kuvunyelwa akukho iikhilogram ngaphezulu kwama-750. Ngokungqinelana ne imithetho yendlela langoku, kuya kuba luncedo apha ukwenza kunye ubunzima ulawulo zothutho tonnes hayi ngaphezulu kwe emithathu enesiqingatha yayo kukhatshwa ukuya erhuqwayo kwemfuneko yimilinganiso elinganayo ukuya 750, kodwa hayi ngaphezulu ubunzima emotweni kunye mthwalo. Ubunzima iyonke kufuneka ungabi ngaphezu kweetoni emithathu enesiqingatha.

Udidi B1 kunika umntu uyakwazi ukulawula isithuthi 3 wheel-okanye-4-wheel. Nangona kunjalo, ubunzima balo kufuneka ingadluli 550 kilograms. Udidi evumela KUBE ngokupheleleyo ukusebenza isithuthi Category B, nto leyo ke kukhatshwa erhuqwayo onobunzima elingaphaya 750, kwakunye ubunzima imoto ngaphandle umthwalo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe apha ukuba imeko engundoqo ubunzima lilonke ubume engaphezulu kwe-3.5 tonnes.

Nazi ezinye iindidi

Xa uvula category lomqhubi C, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukujongana ubunzima auto kunene 3.5 tonnes. Oku kuquka izithuthi kunye ezirhuqwayo ukuya kwi 750 kg. Udidi C1 akubandakanyi iimoto udidi D. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ubunzima zothutho ukuba eli qela isusela ukusuka kwiitoni 3.5 ukuya 7.5. Ukongeza, kukho ithuba lokuba ukusebenza isithuthi, nto leyo uthethathethane ubunzima itreyila elingagqithanga 750.

Phantsi iindidi CE udidi kufuneka iqondwe eyenza ulawulo udidi zothutho C esenza kunye itreyila ngobuninzi ngaphezulu 750 kg, kodwa hayi ngaphezulu kwe-3.5. Kubalulekile ukuba ihlale engqondweni into yokuba ngenxa yokuvulwa udidi ogama ekuqaleni kufuneka ukuba ukuvula udidi C.

Udidi C1E unika abemi ilungelo ukuthutha kudidi C1 ubunzima ulawulo, leyo iyahluka ukusuka kwiitoni 3.5 ukuya 7.5. Ezi zixhobo kufuneka uthethathethane itreyila ngobuninzi ngaphezulu 750 kg, kodwa hayi ngaphezulu ubunzima imoto ngaphandle umthwalo. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukongeza ukuba imeko engundoqo apha ngaphandle kwale ubunzima lilonke amakhulu tonnes elinambini.

Kufuneka wazi ukuba udidi D kuthetha uqhuba, ukuba ngokuyintloko ukuthutha abantu. Ukongeza ezihlalweni kokulwa, kuba izitulo esibhozo. Ukongeza, Uvunyelwe ukuba ukuqhuba iimoto igama udidi, leyo zihambisana ubunzima isikhoji phantsi kwazo naziphi na iimeko ayidluli 750. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba phantsi nokumelwa didi ngokungqinelana ezintsha nazo ukufumana iibhasi.

Kubalulekile ukuba sikhumbule ukuba namhlanje engqondweni, ngokugxotha kutshanje udidi mvume E shwaka ekusetyenzisweni kwabaqhubi, kodwa sele yabelwe kwezinye iindidi, eyayiqwalaselwe ezinkulu. Kwi-2017 yangoku udidi M lithathele ukufaneleka umkhweli quadricycles zolawulo amalungelo ngezithuthuthu. kufuneka nje ukuvula nayiphi na enye eyimveliso a iindidi mvume lokuqhuba enikiweyo.

Ekugqibeleni, Xhosa udidi, TB ukunika umntu ukukwazi ukulawula iibhasi netroli kunye tram. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwiindidi ezikhankanywe ngaphambili mvume lokuqhuba wayengekho kwikholamu eyahlukileyo. Ngoko ke, bangena kumanqaku ezizodwa. Noko ke, nemithetho ukutshintsha kunye nemeko yokuqala ezintsha itshintshiwe, ayibalulekanga into ngokwalo pfunaka.

Ziqonde AS isigaba

Kwisahluko sokugqibela kuya kuba luncedo ukuqwalasela lokuqhuba mvume kunye umbhalo AS. Xa wakhupha isampulu entsha kwamalungelo umqhubi iye yaziswa (mvume lokuqhuba), uninzi wabaqhubi, "udiniwe" imibuzo malunga iindidi ezintsha subcategories. Ukongeza, ukuba namhlanje enomdla ingxaki yokuba ilungelo ukulawula iindidi ezithile zezithuthi phantsi kwemiqathango yokuba onengubo sigaba. Umba obaluleke kakhulu kulo mzekelo kufanelekile ukuba siqwalasele uphawu ezikhethekileyo GH ne MS kwikholam elinesibini ngasemva amalungelo lokuqhuba. Ingabonwa, ngaphandle evulekileyo udidi A okanye B, kodwa hayi zombini (combined).

AS в прямом смысле означает Automotive Steerin. Eziphawula-mvume lokuqhuba AS yombhalo ngokoqobo lithetha Automotive Steerin. Eguqulelwe, oku kulingana ngexabiso uhlobo esungulayo imoto. Yintoni kufuneka kuqondwe phantsi kwenkcazo igama? Ngamanye amazwi, ivili lokuqhuba esebenza apha nje ivili ethile (ngentonga, okanye ezinye arc). Ngaloo ndlela, uphawu lwe AS ibekwa kumhlathi yeshumi elinesibini, iphepha-mvume kunye sub-string "B1" lokuqhuba, nokuthetha oku kulandelayo: umqhubi unalo ilungelo lokuba ukulawula tricycles kunye izithuthuthu, leyo uhlobo ekuqhubeni imoto (okt ivili lokuqhuba).