TIR iilori: kuthetha ntoni? Imimiselo nempahla yonke imithwalo phantsi TIR

Abaninzi bethu rhoqo kubonwa iilori TIR kuso, kwathiwa, kodwa kakhulu bambalwa abantu bayazi njani ukuba eqinile lo shunqulelo, kwaye oko kukuthi, umgaqo, abangenagama. Eli nqaku liza kuba malunga ukuba kuthetha ukuthini TIR iilori cinga zonke iinkcukacha ngokweenkcukacha intetho.

Ubuqili ukulawula karhulumente abadlulayo

Ekuqaleni, umzekelo, ukuba ulawulo karhulumente ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: xa into esweni ihamba ngaphandle eRashiya, umatshini wokuqala uhlola Rostransinspektsiya, ngoko amagosa amasiko kunye noonogada umda kuka kakade. Kwiimeko apho isithuthi elawulwa engena imida weRashiya, indawo yokuqala, wayeya kuba phantsi kolawulo umda, ngoko ukusebenza kuyo nabameli Rostrnasinspektsii kunye nesiphelo - namasiko. An caveat ebalulekileyo, leyo kwangoko kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo: unit nganye ilawula elandelayo andazi ukuba azalisekise imisebenzi yabo, lo gama umsebenzi wabo awukagqitywa ukulawula karhulumente wangaphambili.

Ziqonde izifinyezo ngamazwe

Ngenxa yoko, TIR ilori - yintoni na? Xa inguqulelo Russian ukusuka isiFrentshi, ezi iileta ezintathu zithetha "Transport International Routier" (TIR - Russian elingana yokuqhagamshela izixhobo notation). Ngamafutshane, TIR - isalathiso emfutshane nkqubo yamazwe ngamazwe, nto leyo evumela ukuba nkqubo omiselwe ngokungqongqo ukuthutha iintlobo ngeentlobo impahla kwimida phakathi kwamazwe leyo, nayo, wajoyina i izivumelwano ezifanelekileyo ngamazwe. Oko kukuthi, ukuba ukuqonda ukuba kuthetha ntoni TIR, kuyimfuneko ukubonisa ubukho Customs iNdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ukuthunyelwa ngamazwe. Ukuze ulawulo oluchazwe Uhlelo lusebenzisa i-International Road Transport Union (ngooIru). Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu, le nkqubo ayeminyekile iintlanga 67 ngamnye wehlabathi lonke European Union yi.

Book of yezothutho ezindleleni ngamazwe (TIR)

Umbhalo TIR kwi iinqwelo kwakhona kuthetha ukuba impahla emotweni, ukuba ibhaliswe TIR Carnet - uxwebhu ezizodwa ukuba iifom iinyembezi-off (sheets), nganye isuswe ngexesha sicatshulwa sokuhlolwa amasiko elandelayo (itshekhpoyinti ngamnye unelungelo usebenzise enye iphepha le ncwadi) kuphela. Bebonke ethetha, konke oku kuthetha ukuba le nqwelo ine uxwebhu amasiko eqondwayo okunika ilungelo umnini cargo wasishenxisa phesheya umda phantsi inkqubo yoviwo lula.

Iifom Carnet lawo mibutho esele zivunyiwe kwilizwe ngalinye inxaxheba kwinkqubo TIR. Ukuba sithethe Russian Federation, yiyo Association of International Road OkuThwala (AIAC), nto leyo ibekwe eMoscow. Indlela yokufumana nokwenza i TIR Carnet, kuya kufuneka elide kangakanani ukuchitha imali, uluhlu kwamaxwebhu afunekayo ukuze ubhaliso iincwadi - yonke into kwicandelo eziphembelela AIH yaye kulawulwa. Ngokupheleleyo iinkcukacha ngalo mbandela inokufunyanwa ngqo kwi website mbutho.

Iimpawu ze TIR Carnet

Ukuqwalasela lo mbuzo: "? Ntoni ilori TIR", Wena kufuneka balujongisise ngenyameko iinkcukacha TIR Carnet.

Olu xwebhu oluyeleleneyo kakhulu yokubhala ifomati elikhulu, nto leyo eye:

• Mustard-elimbala inshorensi.
• Impahla ibonakale iqwalaselwe in yellow.
• Ezikhululekileyo-igqabi ngeengcambu, yashicilelwa ngababini ngemibala ezimhlophe kunye noluhlaza.
• sheet protocol.
• Flyleaf kukugubungela ngokwayo kunye nesabelo salo iinyembezi-off.

incwadi nganye enjalo yabelwa serial number yakhe eziquka amanani esixhenxe iperi Latin. Kubalulekile ukuba ihlale engqondweni into yokuba kolu xwebhu ukuba ixesha eliqingqiweyo, nto leyo kungabonwa kwi istampu nemiliselwe kwi-inshorensi.

Iimpawu traffic kwi TIR

Ukuhlaziya iinkcukacha oko kuthetha ukuba i TIR neseevili, thina isiveza: phambi kokuqala i uhambo ngamnye imoto enye ikopi ekhutshwe TIR Carnet, iza kuhlala isebenza ngokusemthethweni kude kube sekuphelisweni tyelelo. Xa inkqubo buyo kwempahla ngamagosa amasiko abo mazwe, enqumla imoto umda, uvavanyo lwenziwa kuphela ingqibelelo lamatywina, yasungulwa ngaphambili. Emva olu qwalaselo, ukuba ukunyhashwa itywina yokuthembeka afumaneka, igosa amasiko usebenzisa enye sheet yeencwadi TIR kwaye ugcwalisa zonke izikhewu ababesele counterfoil yayo ehambisana. Ngenxa yoko, TIR-ukuthutha kunokuba ngokunamathela olulawulwayo. Kubandakanywa ezithile kunye neenkqubo ukuba kugqitywe ngawo TIR Carnet, leyo ingafunyanwa umyalelo okhethekileyo, zenziwe, kuquka kunye in Russian.

imisebenzi

I-Association of International Automobile OkuThwala unoxanduva ngokupheleleyo kumamkeli inzaliseko kweziqinisekiso yayo ukhuseleko kungekwamthwalo linoxanduva ngokusemthethweni ukuze imisebenzi yabo beelori abasebenzisa TIR Carnet.

Kwiimeko apho kukho amabango esemthethweni ngokupheleleyo ezinye abathwali, AIH ithatha ngokupheleleyo yonke imicimbi kulo, yaye emva ukusingatha violator imithetho alithathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo ngenxa yemithetho ekhoyo.

Noko ke, kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba TIR umbhalo iinqwelo akuthethi kuthi ukuba amasiko akayi kuba nelungelo ukuvula umthwalo kwaye ujonge phandle. Ukuba kukho izizathu ezithile igosa namasiko imele ezobuRhulumente, nto leyo eya uwele umda le kwesithuthi ukuthwala ulawulo umthwalo ngokupheleleyo.

Ulwazi malunga kubonakale impahla

Ekubeni abaninzi banomdla:? Ngeelori TIR «- oko kukuthi," ukuba nalo kubalulekile ukujongana kakuhle nalo olu xwebhu, babenikela libonakalalisiwe. It iqulethe ezi nkcukacha zilandelayo:

• Idatha kwi yelizwe umthumeli nakuRhulumente kumamkeli.
• Amasiko, impahla emkhombeni, yaye umda igunya ulamkelayo.
• Uluhlu kudlule amanqaku amasiko.
• Igama le mveliso, ngokutsho TN ved ikhowudi, ubunzima iyonke, inani lezihlalo, njalo-njalo. N.
• Uluhlu amaxwebhu ahambe iimpahla kunye nesalathisi amanani zabo.
• Ubhaliso inombolo yesithuthi, ukuthuthwa kweempahla.
• Non-ifakiwe lamatywina, izitampu kunye nezinye indawo amasiko.

Ukwenza zonke ezi maxwebhu kubhetele ukuba ukuphathisa iingcali kwelo candelo, avamise kwiindawo amasiko.

phezulu

Umbhalo TIR neelori, xabiso lazo elo esiza kuxubusha ngayo kweli phepha ngokweenkcukacha, ibonisa oko kukuthi Qinisekisa ukuba imveliso aya kwenziwa kunye CMR impahla inowuthi. La maxwebhu zilungiselelwa ubuncinane in duplicate. Ngamnye kubo zingqinwe bobabini umthumeli kunye nophethe. Uxwebhu lokuqala uhlala umthumeli kunye nezinye ezimbini zokuhamba Troff iimpahla zithutha.

Emva kokugqitywa kwenkqubo yokuhambisa ikopi, yona carrier, kwaqinisekiswa liqela abafumana kwaye kunikwe yenethiwekhi. Umnini entsha iimpahla shiya ikopi lokugqibela lolu xwebhu. Kuba ukuchaneka kwedatha kunye nokugqitywa yokuzalisa umntu onoxanduva ogama print uya kuma inani kwikholam 22. Okubalulekileyo kakhulu xesha, kuzo zonke iimeko data phezulu kufuneka twatse ngokupheleleyo.

Imithetho zokuhamba ngamazwe

TIR leyo ethetha ngokoMthetho umyalelo ukubhaliswa kweemoto abathwali imvume ukwenza iintshukumo zabo impahla ngamazwe? Cinga iinkcukacha.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, zonke ezi zinto kulawulwa inani amalungiselelo athile 505 ka May 24, 2012. Le thesis amalungiselelo eziphambili zezi zilandelayo:

• Umenzi-sicelo kufuneka abe izithuthi, engena kuye ukwanelisa iimfuno le migangatho.
• Kuba izithuthi ngamazwe kufuneka zibanjwe abantu ingxelo abanolwazi.
• Umdlali ophethe unyanzelekile ukuba ipolisi ye-inshorensi.

Ukwenza imvume sothutho wendlela kufuna kumazwe ngamazwe:

• Ukungeniswa isicelo semvume.
• Qinisekisa ubunini isithuthi.
• Zino xwebhu eqinisekisa ubhaliso karhulumente ukuba le moto.
• Yiba nepolisi ye-inshorensi.
• Ukubonelela amaxwebhu ebonisa umsebenzi phantsi umsebenzi.
• Ubukho uluhlu lwamaxwebhu enikeziwe.

Zonke maxwebhu angasentla-sicelo uya ingenise iyantlukwano zendawo Rostransnadzora xa kubhaliswayo yakhe yobuqu.

Ukuchazwa SafeTIR

Njengoko kuboniswe practice ixesha elide, ngokupheleleyo yonke inkqubo yekhompyutha kuxhomekeke amathuba malware, ufikelelo olungekho mthethweni ngaphandle, ngoko ke kufuneka ukhuselo olufanelekileyo. International TIR inkqubo yezothutho kwanokonwabela ngokupheleleyo zonke "ngamakhubalo" umsebenzi-mthetho lwala maxesha, kwaye ke ngoko kukho imfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabo.

TIR truck (oko kukuthi, siza kuqwalasela ngokweenkcukacha kwinqaku) - ayikho nje umqondiso, kodwa yingcinga nje kwinqanaba eliphezulu ukhuseleko imisebenzi zothutho ngamazwe. Ngowe-1995, iKomiti yoLawulo ye-nkqubo isigqibo ukuseka ulawulo olulodwa malunga nokusetyenziswa TIR Carnet System. Le nkqubo kuthiwa SafeTIR.

Thile kamva, i-International Road Transport Union wenze isixhobo ikhompyutha bobuncedani ebizwa «SafeTIR ngexesha yokwenene", nto leyo evumela ukuba ngokukhawuleza ukuthumela kuyo yonke ingcaciso malunga intshukumo ngooIru TIR lugqityiwe. Konke oku lwazi emva kokufumana iba ezifumanekayo ngokupheleleyo onke amalungu nkqubo, ukwenzela ukuba bakwazi ukuqinisekisa ngokukhawuleza Carnet nganye TIR.

Imali yokuhamba Nengxelo

Isixokelelwano phambi declaration (TIR-EPD) namhlanje kuxhaswa yi-31 States, kubandakanya idwelisiweyo kunye Russian Federation, leyo inokufunyanwa ku TIR iilori (Kuthetha ntoni oku umbhalo emotweni, sibe sele elingumfanekiso out). Kusengaphambili ntetho kweenkcukacha kwenza kube lula ukuba akhawulezise kakhulu kwaye kube lula ubucukubhede elandelayo nolawulo kwiindawo amasiko, nayo leyo kunegalelo elikhulu umthamo izithuba amasiko.

inkqubo isibhengezo ekuqaleni iye iingenelo zilandelayo:

• Ngaphandle simahla.
• Liqinisekisa ngokupheleleyo imfihlo data.
• Basenokugqithisela i-ingcaciso efunekayo malunga yezithuthi ezithutha nangoko kumazwe aliqela.
• Lula nokhuseleko ukusetyenziswa.

Abasemagunyeni amasiko , le nkqubo ikuvumela ukuba:

• Isiqinisekiso ukufumana ulwazi kuphela enjinini zenethiwekhi.
• Ukuqinisekisa bayaphika kwesi sibhengezo kwiincwadi TIR.
• Ukunika ulwazi malunga traffic ezayo.
• Khangela ukunyaniseka TIR Carnets.

ubudlelwane borhwebo kumazwe ngamazwe, le nkqubo ikuvumela ukuba:

• Ukunciphisa imingcipheko kunokwenzeka.
• Lula cordons amasiko ekudibaneni.
• Ukunciphisa iindleko ziye.

izinto Russian

Namhlanje, kunokwenzeka rhoqo kumkhawulela TIR iilori. Kuthetha ntoni oku kuthetha ku umkhuba? Ngelishwa, kakhulu ubudlelwane bexesha elide phakathi ngooIru kunye Russian na ixesha kakhulu. Maxa wambi ngethuba 2002-2015, ngamanye amaxesha umahluko bafikelela kwinqanaba kakhulu kangangokuba ezisengozini yokukhwabusha ingundoqo nkqu intsebenziswano incinane phakathi kwamaqela. kwehlobo ophelileyo, kubekho ukuphucuka okuqaphelekayo meko, kodwa akukho namnye unako ukuchaza ngokupheleleyo kuya kuphela into up. Ukusuka konke oku siya afikelele kwizigqibo ezilandelayo:

• ofisi amasiko athile ye-Russian Federation ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuphethulela ingqalelo yabo kwinkqubo TIR kwanawokuqhuba nokugcinwa kwezi zithuthi ngokwesiseko izivumelwano ezivunyiweyo. Kodwa ke uluhlu kuloo ofisi amasiko, nangona kuvunyelwene ngamaqela, nangona ekugqibeleni evunyiweyo kwinqanaba likarhulumente kweli lizwe, yaye ke ngoko into eqinisekile uzinzo yentsebenziswano Akukho namnye unako ukundinikela.
• Enyanisweni, nangaliphi na ixesha inokuba ingxaki ahluke ezinkulu emdeni imo eRashiya, nto leyo silandelwa iilori ezininzi. izigadla TIR (oko kukuthi, ifoto imoto kunye nezinye iinkcukacha ngalo mbandela uqulathwe kweli nqaku) ngaxeshanye nabo babe kakuhle ingxaki akukho namhlanje namnye unako ukuchaza. Okanye, phezu koko, iingxaki ezikhoyo namhlanje, kwaye shwaka. Noko ke, kungenzeka enjalo, Kakade, usezantsi thile.

Ngoko ke, akukho namnye amagosa zangoku kunye nabasebenzi bakarhulumente akanako ukuqikelela ngokupheleleyo nini na ubudlelwane phakathi kwe Russian Federation kunye ngooIru kwixesha elizayo. Sinethemba lokuba ngokusebenzisa eli nqaku, u nga kakuhle ukufumana intsingiselo umbhalo izithuthi TIR nezo ozikhethayo, linika zonke nxaxheba kule nkqubo.