The Free Trade Area - kukuba ... imimandla yezoqoqosho Free

Inqanaba apho ngoku kuqoqosho lwehlabathi kunye nobudlelwane ngamazwe ifuna ngokutsha rhoqo iindlela zorhwebo. Kucingelwa kule uxhulumaniso, ukusetyenziswa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo wentsebenziswano zoshishino. Intsebenziswano kwezinye iimeko ukufumana umlinganiswa lwehlabathi. Uqoqosho lwehlabathi kunye nobudlelwane zezizwe ngezizwe njengangoku livelisa kwiimeko kunokuba nzima. Ukuqinisekisa intsebenziswano kakhulu lwenziwe amanyathelo ngamanyathelo. Omnye kubo a imimandla ukhetho indawo apho intsebenziswano enzima yezoqoqosho. Cinga iinkcukacha ngakumbi oko okuthathwa imimandla ezinjalo.

Overview

zone yorhwebo kwezoqoqosho free ikuvumela kwezinye States neziphaluka ukutshintsha kwiimeko mihla, ukunciphisa umsantsa kwiinkokeli. Kulo mmandla baseka ulawulo olulodwa sokukhetha imisebenzi yezoqoqosho kunye nemarike ngokungqinelana kunye neempawu zesizwe kunye zendalo. zone yorhwebo Free - ummandla apho wadala iimeko ezithandwa kakhulu nokutsala zobuchwepheshe obutsha, utyalo-mali lwangaphandle, kwakunye namava nolawulo phambili. Kumashumi eminyaka embalwa edlulileyo iye yaba ukusekwa ethandwa kakhulu kwiindawo ezinjalo. Okokuqala baqalisa ukwenza kumazwe aphuhlileyo. kurhwebelano lwendawo elisimahla kwaqala ukuvela imi--60-70. Ngokuthe ngcembe, kukho isithuba esinye imarike iye yaguqulwa yaba imfundo holistic. Kamva, oku kufuna nje kuphela nolungelelaniso kodwa yokuziphatha jikelele, enyanisweni a eqhelekileyo inkqubo, kukuzibophelela yokulungelelanisa i Regulatory Framework.

Yintoni na ummandla lorhwebo olukhululekileyo?

Le iqela yengingqi yamazwe asakhasayo kunye iphuhliswe kakhulu. Ngaphakathi phezu kwimarike musa umsebenzi ukusebenza. The Free Trade Area - luhlobo yingxenye. Nxaxheba ukususa Amaxabiso omnye komnye. Ngelo xesha ngokuphathelele kumazwe wesithathu, iqela ngalinye utyikitye izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe, ilungelo nokuqhuba imigaqo-nkqubo yawo kwiimalike lakhe.

izinto ezintle sendalo kweendawo rhafu

Isivumelwano samazwe isayinwe nxaxheba, ikuvumela ukuba:

• Ukwandisa imida zemalike lwangaphakathi.
• Ukukhuthaza ukhuphiswano. Ngenxa yoko, omnye okanye komnye ummandla uyakwazi ukoyisa kwinqanaba elisezantsi lophuhliso loqoqosho. Ngaloo ndlela kwaqinisa indima yayo ingeniso iyonke, kunciphise ukuxhomekeka kwezinye iingingqi.
• Ukuphuhlisa izibonelelo. Oku, kwandisa zokuthumela kunye nokungenisa izakhono kwimeko ethile.
• Ukoyisa ukuntsonkotha ukuthengisa iimveliso wayigqiba kunye neenkonzo emarikeni.

ukusebenzisana Ukwandisa

Kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, kubekho ukukhula okubonakalayo kwinani yezivumelwano zengingqi. Ngokomzekelo, ngoJulayi 2005, oko kwaziswe amaxwebhu WTO 330. Of kwabo asebenza kule minyaka ilandelayo baqalisa 180. Uninzi lwabo - kwisivumelwano kwindawo zorhwebo free. Yenani lilonke izixhobo ekhoyo kwi-akhawunti zazo malunga 84%. Uthethwano ziqhutywa nge-96%. Isivumelwano zone yorhwebo free ibandakanya iimeko ezibonisa ngaphaya kakhulu-nxaxheba. Oku kuchaza isizathu sokuba ipesenti omkhulu onje. Free Trade Zone - kwintsimi akudingi ulungelelaniso ekhethekileyo-nkqubo yangaphandle zeemarike ebomini. Ngaphezu koko, oluyigcinayo ukuzimela likarhulumente ekudalweni urhulumente amasiko ngokunxulumene amaqela esithathu.

Okukodwa

Free imimandla bakwazi ukucombulula imiba enxulumene ukufikelela kwiimarike qhinga. Kule meko, kufutshane geographical-nxaxheba ngamanye amaxesha ingafuneki. Ezi zindawo ziyahluka kwezinye, iintlobo nobunzima kakhulu lokuhlanganisa eziquka umda ofanayo phakathi kwamaqabane. Isivumelwano kwi-WTO ibandakanya ukuyilwa inkqubo amaninzi iimfuno ezisisiseko ukusekwa kunye nokusebenza kwe-imimandla. Kwindawo yokuqala, ukuba kwenziwe la ngemimandla umnyinyiva kwezinye iimeko kakhulu (esizithandayo kumazwe asakhasayo, intshayelelo kweemarike cross-umda, njalo njalo). Kwiimeko ezinjalo, inxalenye nxaxheba uya kwenza ngokwesiseko sokukhetha. Okwesibini, isivumelwano kufuneka kugqitywe kuphela namaqela nezinye States. Ukungena intsebenziswano kunye namaqela angaphandle kufuneka qho ezizodwa. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe apha kugcinwe kwalo umqathango xa mkhwa kunokuba edidayo. Akulula xa uqeqeshelwa ukuba kwimarike free kufuneka zibe nempembelelo emnandi urhwebo phakathi kwamaqela, ngaphandle kokudala imiqobo kumazwe wesithathu. izenzo zengingqi abe ngumphelelisi imigaqo ukubunjwa inkqubo ngamazwe zeemarike-based, kodwa endaweni kubo. Free zabasebenzi kufuneka likhusele phantse ukujika kwempahla phakathi kwamaqela, kuquka amasebe eziphambili yemisebenzi yoqoqosho, kwaye yenziwe kuwe. iindawo rhafu Education ukuba yenziwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ixesha ingaba iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi kuphela kwiimeko ezizodwa. Bakholelwa ukuba eli xesha yanele ukugqiba isininzi kubavelisi nokuchuma nokuhlala kwiimeko ezintsha kukhuphiswano.

iimpawu ezikhethekileyo

Free imimandla ziyahluka kwezinye iinkalo ezibalulekileyo. Ezi ziquka, ingakumbi, ziquka:

1. Inani-nxaxheba.
2. amanani othelekiso lamazwe anoqoqosho zesizwe zamaqela.
3. amazinga ahlukeneyo nophuhliso lwezoqoqosho.
4. Ethumayo cula kwamashishini kunye nemveliso.
5. Impembelelo kuqoqosho lwesizwe.
6. Ixesha yenguqu emarikeni simahla.
7. Inqanaba kokuxhomekeka yokwenene phakathi kwamazwe amabini ngokwalo kwezoqoqosho.
8. Ukubaluleka into yezopolitiko.
9. Norms, iinqobo kunye nezithethe yenkqubo yokuhlanganiswa kule ngingqi.

iimpawu Common

Nangona uluhlu umahluko ngasentla, kukho iinkalo eziliqela ezidibanisa kuzo. Ezi iipateni jikelele kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo xa ukuyilwa imimandla emitsha. Kuqala kwinto zonke, nifanele mandiyiqaqambise into yokuba ukusekwa kwizowuni makabe intle ezinzulu yangasemva yezembali, kwezopolitiko, kwezoqoqosho, yengingqi, ezentlalo kunye nezinye nemvelo. Kubalulekile ukugxininisa kwinqanaba yentsebenziswano kwimarike ngokoMthetho jikelele kule ngingqi. Ngoko ke, baba ngo-2008:

• 66.8% - ye-EU.
• 24.9% - kwisikrini.
• 12.9% - Mercosur.
• 55,8% - NAFTA.

zone yorhwebo free, njengokuba kusenziwa imiboniso, kunempembelelo entle kwinqanaba lophuhliso amaqela States. Kunye nale nokutshintshela sokubambisana akuyi kusoloko ithathe inzuzo efanayo. Imilinganiselo kunye nobungakanani iziphumo obuluqilima kunye manani ukuba ethile kumazwe ngamnye kwahluka enye kwenye. Oku kungenxa iiyantlukwano kwemveliso kunye imarike nezakhiwo, ubuchule bemveliso ukuba kwimo engqongileyo entsha, ukusetyenziswa ngobuchule kwezibonelelo.

iinkokeli

Namhlanje, oko kwasekwa amaziko eziphambili 'umtsalane' kwiindawo emsebenzini-free. ibenomtsalane kakhulu kumazwe angaphandle ngokokwakheka kuphuhliswa kwiindawo zemarike kakhulu iimanyano amasiko okanye States ngamnye. Zinika ukuyilwa uninzi imiqathango yokuqhutywa urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Kolu didi ichazwe kunye neenkokheli engathethekiyo. Kwiindawo ezininzi kuphuhliswa zithathwa urhwebo ezamahala USA, India, Chile, afta. Kunokuba ngokukhawuleza wandisa imihlaba yentsebenziswano Singapore. Eli nani likhulu izivumelwano kunye European Union. Ekuqaleni thethwano nabo urhulumente kuya kufuneka ukuba uyithathele ingqalelo kuphela iipateni eziphambili, ekufuneka ukuphuhlisa umsebenzi ariya ekhululekileyo. The Free Trade Area kunye EU kufuneka ezimise ngokungqinelana nemigaqo-nkqubo bezinye iintlanga Union ngokwayo.

Ithi namazwe angabamelwane

Ngokutsho arhente iindaba, Canada iceba ukuvula imarike iimpahla mveliso Ukrainian. Oku kuya kuba emva kokusayina amaxwebhu afanelekileyo. Ngaphambili ingxelo ukuba iNkulumbuso Yatsenyuk uya kuya UK, USA ne Canada. EUnited States iya kubanjwa inkomfa utyalo-mali. Phezu amaxwebhu iziqu uza kusayinwa, njengako abaza kudalwa zone lorhwebo olukhululekileyo. Ukraine uceba yokubonelela eKhanada izityalo zobunjineli imveliso nempahla mveliso. Emva koko Yatsenyuk uceba ukuya eLondon, apho uya thethana inkxaso Kiev.

Ummandla yorhwebo simahla baseRashiya

Ngo-Russia, i-FTA zisebenza njengoko izitora amasiko kunye imimandla. indlela yokugcina umiselwe umxholo kweempahla amazwe ngaphandle kwentlawulo umsebenzi, kwakunye imveliso ngaphandle kunye imali okanye ukuxolelwa ekuhlawuleni iifizi. Isithuba esiphezulu apho iimpahla ukuze igcinwe, - iminyaka emithathu. Ngeli xesha, iimveliso nise ukuhlela, ukupakisha, ukuqhekezwa ezinkulu, ubuchule njalo njalo. Enyanisweni umnini yokugcina masiko inika abathengi kunye yerhafu, kuquka ixesha elide, mboleko. iimeko Okuninzi ngetarhu na ummandla isiko ekhoyo. Ukongezelela abolekisa ngemali, kukho banikwe ithuba ukuba aqhube naliphi na ishishini ngaphandle intengiso ngemiyinge emincinci kunye nomsebenzi mveliso. yokugcina Free akukho xesha ukunciphisa umxholo iimpahla. I-FTA yokuqala Russian Federation yadalwa Nakhodka. Le mvume yawongwa JSC "Dalintermet". Le nkampani inika ungumgqithi lokuloba kuyekiswa nempahla yorhwebo kunye neenqanawa waseManzini ezilahliweyo. JSC unelungelo umsebenzi-ezamahala yokungenisa izixhobo angaphandle kunye nobuchwepheshe kumazwe angaphandle.