Temple of bonke oothixo baseRoma: igama, photo, inkcazo

Ngaye imibongo eqanjwe ziyahlonelwa iincwadi zehlabathi, kuye befuna abakhenkethi, zeza eItali, umfanekiso wakhe ezibanjiswa ekhaya imifanekiso kunye makhadi. ERome, endlwini yonke oothixo (okanye, njengoko kunjalo ngoku kuthiwa ulwakhiwo, oothixo) ngexesha ulwakhiwo lwalo kwanikezelwa oothixo eziphambili wayemnqula uBukhosi baseRoma. Isakhiwo ubungangamsha ngomnye zodumo kwexesha yamandulo, esekhona namhlanje. Njengoko iminyaka ihamba, ihlabathi itshintshile, kwaye emva kokuwa koBukhosi, kwanendawo engcwele abahedeni yamiselwa njenge ibandla lamaKristu St. Mary kunye nkolo.

History. Koothixo lokuqala - kela uAgripa

Okokuqala Temple of bonke oothixo baseRoma yakhiwa phakathi kwe-27 ne-25 BC. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba ukwakha lwaqhutywa kwi kummandla wamaRoma, igama yendlu bonke oothixo eRoma uvela amagama lesiGrike "pan" - "olubanzi" yaye "Theon", bona bubonakala "kaThixo". He nikela ikakhulu oothixo baseRoma:

• Jupiter - uthixo ophakamileyo kweendudumo, okuhambelana kuZeyus kwiintsomi zamaGrike.
• Kwabanye - uthixo kweelwandle kunye neenyikima, lo umfuziselo Greek - Poseidon.
• Mars - uthixo imfazwe, siyafana kwi Greek Ares.
• Venus - isithixokazi uthando lobuhle, Aphrodite eGrisi.
• SeBhulin - uthixo wase kwelabafileyo, lo umfuziselo Greek - kwelabafileyo.
• Mercury - kwaumthunywa oothixo, umxhasi nabarhwebi kunye nabakhenkethi (uHermes eGrisi yamandulo).
• LikaSaturn - ixesha titanium, uguqulelo Greek - Kronos (Chronos).

ulawulo Ukwakhiwa wathatha phezu umhlobo osenyongweni in-mthetho soMhlekazi, Consul Marcus Agripa, njengoko kuboniswa umbhalo ofulelwe oonobumba ubhedu kwi sakhiwo. Koothixo yokuqala wajika ubuso ngasezantsi yaye kufuneka imilo yoxande. Umhombiso ephambili Roman yonk olungaphambili baba kwiikholam kunye caryatids - eqingqiweyo evathe abafazi, ithatha kwikholam yokuqala ukuvela eGrisi yamandulo. Malunga kela, phezu kwelinye icala isikwere, umi endlwini kweneptune. Ubuncinane, oko kukuthi inkcazo kwendlu bonke oothixo baseRoma beza kuthi.

Lokuqala Roman yonk yatshatyalaliswa umlilo AD ngenkulungwane yokuqala, kodwa ezinye iitempile ezininzi, sakhiwa ebudeni bolawulo lukaDomitian, intsalela yawo ngoku zisendaweni nobunzulu malunga ezimbini neemitha.

Ukwakhiwa iitempile mihla oothixo baseRoma

Obuyiselwe uDomitian yonk Marcus uAgripa ekugqibeleni yatshatyalaliswa ebudeni bolawulo woMlawuli uTrajan ukusuka yokuba yahlaselwa imibane, ngoko ke uMlawuli Hadrian, owayefuna ukuba 'le ingcwele bonke oothixo amelwe lonke kunye intetho yentshukumo ", yakhiwa ngokupheleleyo .

Ngokutsho zokumakisha wezitena apho tempile, ulwakhiwo lwalo kuthwalelwa phandle kwisiqingatha sokuqala ngenkulungwane yesibini. Lomhleli wenza njengelinye labazobi ezinkulu xesha, uApollodorus yaseDamasko, awonisa ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezibalulekileyo (kubandakanywa Spa kunye Arc de Triomphe), hayi kuphela phantsi Hadrian, kodwa phambi kokuba, phantsi uTrajan.

ukwakheka

Ngokungafaniyo, oothixo uApollodorus waye nomntu nelungiselelwe ngasentla, kwaye imilinganiso yalo zandile kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, kwiprojekthi omtsha ubume bokwakha ifakwe ku amanyathelo ezisibhozo eqongeni. Isithuba engaphakathi yetempile liyakwazi ukumelana sphere - efanelekileyo imodeli iphela - 43 eemitha ububanzi. kanye sesakhiwo kwendlu bonke oothixo zamaRoma ibonisa ukumelwa isakhiwo iphela. iindonga etempileni obukhulu ngokwaneleyo, kwaye ukwakhiwa kwawo iyahluka kunye ukuphakama - emazantsi ukuba ashinyeneyo ngakumbi, yaye inxalenye ephezulu yabo yileyo isetyenziswa lighter.

Kakade ke, imboniselo edume olungaphambili - kwiifoto ezininzi kwendlu bonke oothixo baseRoma, ungabona iintsika elinesithandathu phezulu apho lihlale lo pediment elingunxantathu. Ngomhla pediment kukho Umbhalo ofanayo njengoko kela uAgripa. Phantsi pediment kukho imingxunya ukuba kukhuselwe umfanekiso lobhedu of isimboli amandla - ukhozi zindanda, esibambe yayo ngomlomo umqhele oki. A lot of ahombise olungaphambili yemifanekiso zobhedu umsebenzi uDiogenes Athens kamva kusetyenziswa esemsebenzini Basilica St. likaPetros, ngelo xesha abantu abaninzi bakholwa ukuba isenzo singamaqaba.

Kela emva ukuwa Empire

Emva kokuba ngokuwa waseRoma yonk wasinda intshabalalo kuphela ngenxa yokuba ngo-608 AD, sajikwa yaba ibandla uPopu Boniface IV, owathi kamva ngonyaka wawungcwalisa ngayo imbeko St. Mary kunye nkolo. Igama kwakungenxa yokuba washukunyiselwa apha izinto ezingcwele ezo mangcwaba baseRoma. Emva malunga amane anesihlanu eminyaka loMlawuli Constans II baseConstantinople wakhululwa yangaphambili endlwini bonke oothixo imihombiso zobhedu kunye iithayile nengubo, ezithe indawo bakhokela kuphela emva phantse emibini eminyaka emva kotyelelo kumkani kweConstantinople. Ukongeza, emva kokuba yonk 'into ekuthiwa waba ibandla lamaKristu, zonke izinto yehlelo yobuhedeni yamaRoma, umfanekiso oothixo baseRoma yatshabalala. Le tempile elimiswe isibingelelo, kwakukho eqingqiweyo abangcwele, izinto esekelwe isigcawu zeBhayibhile.

Kwiminyaka elandelayo, ziyahlelwa kwesi sakhiwo ngobukhulu, kakhulu, waba yaseXhora. Kangangexesha elide wahlala ngamabhodlo, ezifana ngexesha Avignon kwakuphethe. Ngelo xesha omnye waba embindini somzabalazo phakathi iintsapho yaseRoma amanene of Colonna kunye Orsini, osebenza inqaba.

Ngubani wangcwatyelwa endlwini bonke oothixo?

I Renaissance wazisa esikweni ukuba bangcwabe kwi icawa enkulu yabantu ezibalaseleyo ngexesha lakhe. Angawaconganga kuyo iqela kwaye yonk 'into ekuthiwa, apho bafumana indawo yazo lokugqibela yokuphumla, ngabapeyinti ezininzi Renaissance, phakathi kwabo enye iinkosi ezinkulu era yakhe - Rafael Santi, ubani apha kutshata nayo Maria Bibbienoy, ngokomakhi Baldassare Peruzzi, imvumi Arkandzhelo Korelli.

lala apha ookumkani Italian ka savoy. Xa yangaphambili endlwini bonke oothixo yagqiba yokuqala yookumkani united Italy - Victor II Emannuil, uYise weNkosi Yelizwe, njengokuba umbhalo ilitye lakhe. Yamdumisa umsebenzi wakhe nzima ukuze kulungelwe isizwe kunye umzabalazo yayo ubunye. Nyana nelandela, lo unifier ka-Italy, uKumkani Umberto udubuleke ngowe-1900, kwaye wangcwatyelwa oothixo, ecaleni uyise. iminyaka engamashumi amathathu anesithandathu wangcwatyelwa oothixo waye umfazi Umberto noKumkanikazi Margherita. Unogada ngokungcwatywa yasebukhosini ukunika ngokuzithandela abameli-National Institute of Dumisa Guards.

Ezikhuthazwayo oothixo

Koothixo unako ukuza zombini kutyelelo umbutho, umzekelo, xa uhambo eRoma, yaye uye ngokwabo, amehlo abo yabona ubungangamsha izakhiwo yamandulo. Amangeno kule itempile vula embindini am yesithoba ukuya kwicala emva kwentsimbi yesixhenxe ngokuhlwa yaye ngokupheleleyo simahla, kodwa uvaliwe kuluntu ngoJanuwari 1, Meyi 1 December 25 - ngeholide kawonke. Kela ifumaneka e-Piazza della Rotonda (Piazza della Rotonda). Nakuba kunjalo, kukho iqela iinkcukacha ekufuneka iqwalaselwe xa uhambele.

Izinto ukukhumbula xa wayetyelele oothixo?

Ukuba umntu ugqiba ukuba kutyelela ngoxa eRoma, oothixo - iTempile bonke oothixo, kufuneka ukhumbule ukuba kufuneka balandele imithetho.

• Koothixo kwindawo yokuqala kufuneka ibe ikhowudi yokunxiba, kuba yinto itempile esebenzayo. Clothing kufuneka zivalwe. Kwimeko kakhulu kuyenzeka ukuba azisongele ngokwayo malunga omnye kusiwe kweyona ngobozi liqengqiwe lesuka engcwabeni.
• Icawa asikwazi ukuthwala ukutya neziselo.
• Qiniseka ukuba ukucima iselula. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye etempileni, uyakwazi ukuthatha imifanekiso kunye ushicilelo lwevidiyo.

anika umdla

Enye iimpawu eziphambili olwahlula into yenkcubeko phambi kwethu kukuba endlwini bonke oothixo baseRoma yamandulo ndawo kuphela apho angaya ngokupheleleyo nayiphi na umhlali yesixeko bethandaza koothixo babo. Yaba ezintsha, ngokuba ngaphambili ukuba iitempile kwafuneka ukufikelela kuphela kubabingeleli.

Kuphela kanye ngonyaka - kwi lasentwasahlobo ehlotyeni, Juni 21 - kwelanga edlula 'iliso yonk' (umngxuma ngeenxa embindini kwawo kwetempile), iimbalasane kwakukho abantu ecaweni. Ngemihla eseleyo kwi kwelanga kwemini ngalunye uhlobo 'intsika', newotshi nayo kusibonisa yayigcinwa kunye eqingqiweyo ze abangcwele, imifanekiso eqingqiweyo yoothixo ezithe ifakiwe ngaphambili.

Imilo ahanjiswa inxalenye ephambili yonk 'into ekuthiwa, ngenxa yokuba kanye kule ndawo ichibi, ogama isiseko waza waba isiseko etempileni, leyo yakhiwa uAgripa.