Ostankino TV Tower: noko emngangathweni, uhambo, ifoto. Ukwakhiwa kwinqaba nokuphakama kwalo

Ostankino Tower ngomnye amahlandinyuka ibalulekileyo yokwakha eMoscow, kunye uphawu kamabonakude Russian. Ngenxa yale omkhulu inikwa yi umabonakude phantse lonke elo lizwe. izixhobo Technical, usasazo amandla kunye nezinye iimpawu ezithile Tower achazayo. Ukongeza, loo nto ithathwa isakhiwo emide e-Europe.

iimpawu ngokubanzi

tower Size umabonakude Ostankino mkhulu metres-15. M. metres. Kukho isakhiwo lonke Studios kamabonakude, iindawo setyhula kunye balcony. Umthamo we kwenqaba - malunga 70 amawaka cubic metres .. Esi sakhiwo ali-45 imigangatho. Ukuphakama Ostankino nenqaba umabonakude - 540 leemitha. Yena zibalwa yesibhozo ehlabathini ngokwemigaqo ephakamileyo izakhiwo-free emi (isakhiwo iphakamileyo ehlabathini okwangoku Dubai kaThixo Burj Khalifa). Igama lokuqala le nqaba - "Yonke-union kunomathotholo nakumabonakude isikhululo yokusasaza 50 Oktobha engu".

Imbali yokwakha

kusasazo isigxina yiSoviet Union yaqala ngo-1939. Ekuqaleni, transmission uphawu lwenziwe kusetyenziswa izixhobo leyo ethe Shukhovskaya Tower (Shablovka). Nangona kunjalo, ukwandisa umthamo nomgangatho zosasazo emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II kukhokelele imfuneko yokuba kwakhiwe enye Tower TV. Ekuqaleni yayakhiwe kufutshane Shukhov TV Tower, kodwa kungekudala wathabatha yokunakekela mihla ngakumbi Tower TV.

iprojekthi yophuhliso kwizitishi zikamabonwakude Ostankino ababandakanyekayo lombutho "Mosproject". Ulwakhiwo Ostankino inqaba zikamabonwakude yaqala ngo-1960. Noko ke, wamiswa ngenxa yokungaqiniseki ukuba ukwakhiwa isiseko kwakhiwa ngokuthembekileyo ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu. Kuyilo elizayo nenqaba kumabonakude unikwe Central Research Institute of ekuyileni izakhiwo zemidlalo kunye nezibonelelo zokuzonwabisa.

Le projekthi ye yinqaba Ostankino yaqanjwa umyili Nikitin ngobusuku nje omnye. Uyilo prototype, wakhetha i njengenyibiba zocaphulo - intyatyambo kunye isiqu eshinyeneyo ezinamagqabi eqinile. Ngokutsho kuluvo ngayo ukuba inkxaso Tower 4, kodwa kamva, ngengcebiso injineli German Fritz Leonhard (umdali wokuqala concrete tower TV ehlabathini), inani labo landa ezilishumi. Umakhi oyintloko Ostankino nenqaba umabonwakude - Z Ilyich Batalov - likwaxhase ingcamango ukunyusa inani zezibonda.

Le projekthi wokwakha yokugqibela evunyiweyo ngo-1963. ababhali zayo labazobi Burdin kunye Batalov, kwakunye ngumyili Nikitin. Iingcali bagqiba ekubeni iguqule kakhulu iprojekthi lwangaphambili, ingakumbi, liye landa inani ibekwe kwinqaba izixhobo kunye nokuphakama kwalo. Ulwakhiwo Ostankino nenqaba kamabonwakude wasebenza ukususela ngowe-1963 ukuya 1967. Ngokubanzi, ukwakhiwa kwesikhululo kamabonakude inxaxheba kwimibutho eyahlukeneyo Bole 40. Ngelo xesha, i Ostankino Tower isakhiwo ezinde kungekuphela eYurophu kodwa ehlabathini lonke.

Ukufumana uqalo Tower TV

Zosasazo lokuqala iinkqubo zikamabonwakude kwathabathela kwinqaba Ostankino yenziwa ngo-1967. Nangona into yokuba kulo nyaka ulwakhiwo Ostankino Tower yagqitywa kwaye sakhiwo wathathwa ngokusesikweni ukusebenza, kwenzeka ngakumbi kulo nyaka mali lwalo lokukhawulelana nophuhliso. Ngenxa yoko, le usasazo lokuqala umfanekiso wombala yabanjwa ngo-1968. Le nqaba kwakhona yokutyela ezinemigangatho-3 kunye negama lokomfuziselo wadalwa "Seventh Izulu". Uninzi iinjineli inxaxheba ekudalweni beli ziko enkulu kamabonwakude zaye zanikwa i Prize Lenin.

Meaning station umabonakude

Ostankino Tower isakhiwo eyodwa nexesha oye akukho analogue. Ukongeza, kuba ixesha elide ihleli isakhiwo emide ehlabathini, iinkcukacha zawo ngokwenene iyamangalisa. Emva kokugqitywa inyango Ummandla eya kusebenza kuwo zidlulisele babehlala abemi malunga 10 million, ngoku iziko umabonakude kuthatha indawo elinabemi abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-15.

Isixhobo ivumela ukurekhoda ngaxeshanye eziliqela izinto ezahlukeneyo, kwaye kusasazwa ngqo. mission kwakufuneka yinqaba Ostankino ngexesha 1980 Imidlalo yeOlimpiki. Kukho nokuba wabeka a ezizodwa izixhobo CNN news channel.

Ngelo xesha, nenqaba kwafuneka ezinye iimpawu ayibalulekanga kangako. sakhiwo kwayo kwakukho Observatory zemozulu, leyo olawula amaziko aphambili zemozulu eSoviet Union. siteshi Ostankino likwabonelele noqhagamshelwano kunomathotholo phakathi izakhiwo eziphambili karhulumente welizwe.

izivakashi

Kungekudala, lo Telecentre uye waba ngomnye ezinomtsalane kubakhenkethi ithandwayo eyinkunzi. Ngowe-1982 wakha inyango kufuphi isakhiwo, enika imisebenzi indawo. Kukho iye kwakhona nezixhotyiswe igumbi inkomfa mihla abantu 800. Ukuphuculwa restaurant "Seventh Izulu". Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ibekwe kwi ezinobude yeemitha 334 (oko kukuthi malunga kumgangatho 112th wesakhiwo zokuhlala) yaye abaninzi kangangoko emithathu imigangatho. Ukususela iiwindow zinika iimbono ngokumangalisayo eMoscow. Le peculiarity yeziko kwaye wenza Iintshukumo ezicothayo ngeenxa axis yayo ngesantya amagophe enye ukuya kwezintathu imizuzu 40-50. Nangona kunjalo, ngeli xesha lakalokunje "Seventh Izulu" uvaliwe ngokutsha, akukho nto eyaziwayo ixesha kokugqitywa kwalo.

indawo Unique bonakalayo

Ngelo xesha, abakhenkethi uninzi ababetsaleleke Ostankino umabonwakude mkhanya Tower egumbini. Ngokukodwa, kwisikhululo sabo TV, kukho ezine: evulekileyo kwi ezinobude oziimitha ezi-337 yaye ivaliwe - leemitha 340, kwakunye ezimbini ngaphantsi kwi 147 no 269 leemitha. Isebenza kuphela kwixesha efudumeleyo - ukususela ngoMeyi ukuya ku-Oktobha. Iqela Tour zidla kuphela iindwendwe 70. Phezu kwenqaba TV onomlinganiselo 7. indawo othe imi wokugqibela kakhulu. Ukufumana ujongo ngcono kuzo zonke iisayithi ezinomdla kummandla kwisikhululo umabonwakude, abakhenkethi ukusebenzisa yerediyo kunye zizibonakude. Xa imozulu elungileyo ungabona nje ikomkhulu, kodwa namadlelo ayo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umgangatho eqongeni mkhanya ngaphaya ngokupheleleyo (ezenziwe kwiglasi ixesha elide) ababonisa ngokukhethekileyo ikhuthaza irisithi idosi zinto adrenaline egazini umsinga abatyeleli. Trip ku Ostankino TV Tower - ukuba isiganeko ngenene obukholekayo ezikhwankqisayo. Kuyabonakala ukuba kule minyaka 30 inqaba yokuba ixesha ukutyelela iindwendwe ngaphezu kwezigidi ezili-10.

FYI

Ukususela ngoJulayi 2013 tour kwiziko kamabonwakude Ostankino ke okwethutyana wenziwe ngokunxulumene nomsebenzi wokwakha. Kodwa okwangoku, kumaqonga ukubukela ezimbini (337 no 340 meters), lavulwa kubakhenkethi! Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo: on uhambo, abakhenkethi zivumelekile kuphela ukususela kwiminyaka esi-7 ukuya ku-70. abafazi abakhulelweyo ukukhulelwa emva kwexesha kwakhona akunqwenelekile ukutyelela inqaba. Management aliluvumeli ukhwela phezulu ukuya kumgangatho kujongwa ukuba abangaboniyo ngokwenzakala okanye ukuba umntu edakasa esinamavili okanye iintonga.

Uyilo Telecentre

Ostankino tower umabonakude akubonayo emngangathweni, akukho mathandabuzo, ufanelwe ingqalelo, kodwa Ndingathanda ukukhankanya ngokwahlukeneyo ukwakha inqaba. Ngoko ke, eneneni, ikhowuni omkhulu evuthelweyo, ogama iindonga zenziwa ngentsimbi ngakumbi kwaqinisa eziphathekayo. uphahla Telecentre ixhaswa 149 iintambo ukuba ziqhotyoshelwe eludongeni yenqaba leyo inde. Xa iziko le cone ibekwe ngenxa iintambo zam, iileli, iilifti kunye imibhobho. Hi ndlela leyi, esi sakhiwo iilifti ezisixhenxe, kuquka abane - isantya. Ngaphandle ukusuka kwisiseko, ubunzima ukwakhiwa kwenqaba imalunga 32 kweetoni eziliwaka. izibonelelo ubunzima kunye isiseko - th 55 tons.. esithuba somgangatho esiluncedo kwinqaba yi-15 000 macala onke. m. Le liphezulu rated isantya somoya Ostankinskaya Tower (eMoscow), okanye mandithi enekona yayo (spire), kwakuthiwa kunokwahluka iimitha ukuya ku-12.

iindawo zobugcisa iindwendwe zisekhusini, banalo emnyango Hotel. Room, apho zonke zidlulisele eziphambili ibekwe emgangathweni wesihlanu. Emgangathweni ngasentla ibekwe kwindawo zobugcisa. Xa abasebenzi enamandla kagesi radiation Telecentre ukukhusela usebenzisa screens, ezenziwe ngezinto ezizodwa.

bekwilift mihla

bekwilift-speed ezine zicwangciswe kwisikhululo kamabonwakude, owawufikelela ngesantya kweemitha 7 ngomzuzwana. Owokugqibela yaphehlelelwa ngo-2006. Ingakumbi, le kumgangatho okuqaphela izinto, nto leyo imi ezinobude yeemitha 337, linokufikeleleka kwimizuzwana 58.

Umlilo kwi Ostankino Tower kamabonakude

ngo-2000 Inqaba iye yehlelwa umlilo enkulu eyabulala abantu abathathu. Emva kwentlekele, ummandla eMoscow eMoscow iintsuku ezimbalwa eshiywe ngaphandle yosasazo kamabonakude. Ekuqaleni, kwabakho umlilo kwintaba ephakame kweemitha 460. Ngenxa yoko, i-elementi nemigangatho amathathu elinyukayo ngokupheleleyo. Ngenxa lobushushu ilangatye aphezulu amashumi eziliqela kweentambo ukuba anike prestressing izakhiwo eziphathekayo, ndiziqhawule, kodwa, echasene uloyiko, uyilo nangoku inkani. Yaba enye ubungqina obungenakuphikiswa ukuba umakhi i Ostankino nenqaba kamabonakude kunye nezinye zonke iingcali abasebenze kwiprojekthi kwesakhiwo, bekukho buchopho yokwenene. Kamva, le iintambo ziye zabuyiselwa ngempumelelo.

Njengoko mlilo kucinywa kwakunzima gqitha emlilweni. Xa inkqubo ukutshona lomlilo lawabulala loo ngqwayi-ngqwayi zokucima umlilo, Vladimir Arsyukov. wagqiba Yena ukuba anyuke naye aye umlilo eziko, wabanika lo myalelo ophakamisa uSvetlana Loseva uye ukuphakama kuyimitha 460 kunye nayo. Ekugqibeleni, ukuba wafa. Enye sisulu le locksmith Alexander Shipilin.

Ngokutsho kweengcali, unobangela umlilo igcwele iinethiwekhi. Noko ke, izixhobo iye yasekwa ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kakhulu, saqalisa ezosasazo ukuze mqulu efanayo. Emva kokuba umlilo ukuze enze ezinkulu zokwakha-isikali umsebenzi wokulungisa nokwenizwa kummandla kunye indawo apho kukho guided uhambo. Ngu February 2008 wabuyiselwa ngcono. Trip ku Ostankino nenqaba TV emva kwentlekele ngoku kuqhutywa ngokungqinelana neemfuno ezithile: isixa inxaxheba kulo mayingagqithi abantu 40.

iziganeko zemidlalo

• De 2000, isikhululo kamabonwakude yabamba ukhuphiswano wohlanga kwi ukuphakama kuyimitha 337.
• Ukususela 2003 noququzelelwa BASE ukhuphiswano ukutsiba. Kulo nyaka ifanayo irekhodi ehlabathini; nenqaba Ostankino TV ukusuka kwisakhiwo watsibela abantu 26 ngexesha.
• Ngo-2004, lo mbhiyozo waba ingozi kwi BASE Ukutsiba: okhuphisana Austria Christina Grubelnik indlela ethile wabamba kwi inxalenye lithe tso ye kwinqaba andabikho zingqondweni, kwaye ke hit kakhulu udonga eziphathekayo. Ngenxa yoko, kwintaba ephakame yeemitha 85, kuyo iinyawo ubanjwe kwi kwivaranda. Abasebenzi kwesikhululo umabonwakude, ngethamsanqa, wakwazi ukuba ukususa ekstremalka. Uye wafumana Ukophuka eziliqela kodwa wasinda.
• kunye nesikhululo kumabonakude ngexesha elinye latsiba kubantu 30: Ngo-2004, uYesu wamisela irekhodi entsha.

iholo Concert

Le isakhiwo ukhenketho iziko Ostankino TV i holo yekonsathi "Royal". Njengenxalenye yenkqubo excursion nelilelona gumbi isetyenziswa kwiholo cinema ukuba umboniso we kwinqaba TV kunye iifilimu TV Russian. I "Royal" ngoku likwaqhuba eziliqela iikonsathi, iinkomfa, imiboniso kunye nezinye iziganeko.

Incredible era lesikhumbuzo

Ostankino tower TV kunye nezixhobo zalo qho iphuculwe. Ngokufaka eriyali eziliqela ezongezelelweyo ngoku ukuphakama kwayo kweemitha ngaphezulu kwe 560 (qaphela ukuba ingcamango yokuqala waba ukuphakama kwalo neemitha ezingama-520). Oku kusetyenziswa kule mihla Telecentre kwindima yayo ephambili - ukuthumela nokufumana iintlobo ngoonomathotholo njenge indawo kumagumbi TV inani elikhulu leenkqubo.

Ukongeza, i-Ostankino Tower (ifoto esi sakhiwo ebangela ubani nokunconywa) yeyona Umtsalane woKhanketho enkulu kwikomkhulu. Tour le Telecentre - kuyinto ekhumbulekayo ngokwenene. Amagqabantshintshi eMoscow kwindawo yayo engqongileyo kumgangatho mkhanya uya kukhunjulwa ebomini.

Telecenter Ostankino ephakamileyo kuthathwa njengophawu kamabonakude Russian kwaye enye izakhiwo ezininzi imincili kulo mhlaba.