Shukhov Tower e Moscow, idilesi, ukuphakama, photo

Asinguye wonke umntu uyazi ukuba into efana Shukhov Tower, eneneni libhekisela imimangaliso nhloko Russian.

Esi sakhiwo eziphakamileyo kunokubonwa ezivela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kulo mzi, encopho yayo inika iimbono ngokumangalisayo eMoscow.

incazelo jikelele

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba Shukhov Tower eMoscow na amagama eziliqela. Kulo emxinwa, izangqa badla zobungcali ibizwa ngokuba Shukhov radio inqaba, nenqaba kamabonwakude Shukhov okanye Shabolovskaya Tower umabonakude.

Ngokubanzi, esi sakhiwo ezintsha hyperboloid ziyaxhotyiswa ekuxhaseni iqokobhe intsimbi, eyakhelwe iprojekthi eyodwa eziveliswe Academician V. G. Shuhovym. ukwakhiwa kwezindlu yathatha iminyaka emibini, ukususela 1920 ukuya 1922 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela.

Ngexesha nesakhiwo sayo ukusebenza ephethwe yi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa of Communications. Ngoku, ukusukela ngo-2001, Shukhov Tower xa ukulahlwa kwe FSUE "RTRS".

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, nto leyo isetyenziselwa injongo eyenzelwe yona kwaye lisebenza njenge zokubeka zidlulisele cellular.

Indlela ukuya lwalunjani mzi?

Shukhov inqaba, iifoto leyo ngakumbi nangakumbi kuvela kwiimagazini neencwadana lunikezelwa kwiindawo ezinomdla ze-capital Russian, ifumaneka e Moscow, esitratweni. Shabolovka.

Fumana yalahleka abakhenkethi ukwazi nje akathandi kusebenza, kuba injongosenzi nje ukufumana. Ukwenza oku kuya kufuneka ukuba ufumane kwi "Shabolovskaya" yiSAPS kwaye kuhamba malunga 300 eemitha.

Kwiimeko kakhulu, ungabuza, iphi na Shukhov Tower, ukusuka abadlulayo-by okanye abahlali ebumelwaneni, yaye bonwabile ukuchitha khona.

iimpawu zezakhiwo

Ukusuka kwindawo zobugcisa Ngenxa Shukhov Tower iqulathe amacandelo ahlukeneyo, ngalinye iingcaphephe babehlanganisene emhlabeni, uze emva koko liphuma kwi winches phezulu. Emva koko, nomphakamo inxalenye yesakhiwo luqhakamshelene rivet ingakumbi womelele ezizodwa.

Ngokutsho kubude yasekuqaleni Shukhov Tower wayefanele ukuba ibe kakhulu yayintle, malunga 350 m. Noko ke, iimeko baye banyanzelwa ukuba ngokutsha isicwangciso yamitha. Ilizwe zafumana ukunqongophala bafa metal, ngoko 160 m - yeyona iphezulu ekhoyo ngexesha ubude.

A History ezincinane Shukhov Tower

Ngowe-1919, xa imfazwe benzeke eSoviet Union, ukuze kuqinisekiswe unxibelelwano rhoqo kwaye zithembekile phakathi eMoscow kunye ongaphandle yeRiphabliki kwaye ithi eziliqela Western, V. I. Lenin isalelo ekwakhiweni ngokukhawuleza Tower radio.

Ngeli xesha, Shukhov wayesele basebenza iiprojekthi ezininzi efanayo. Kwagqitywa ukuba isiseko simanga elizayo (ngelo xesha, kunjalo) kufuneka silithathe eli design ethile.

Shukhov Tower on Shabolovka wayeza Zizigqithile Eiffel edumileyo. Okokuqala, kwaba kathathu alula ngaphezu uyilo French :. neetoni 2200 nxamnye kweetoni 7300 Noko ke, ukuwa kwezomnotho akavumelekanga ukuba bayile specialist iphupha. E Union gama, njengoko sele kuchaziwe, naswela intsimbi, Noko ke, gunya, samisa phezu kwenqaba ukuphakama 150 m.

Ngo-Oktobha 1919 Shukhov Tower, idilesi zigazi kakhulu eyaziwa ngokuba Muscovites kunye neendwendwe kwikomkhulu, ifumene isiseko salo.

Ngokubanzi, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iprojekthi Shukhov Ndandingogqibeleleyo ukuba kwilizwe bahlukunyezwe imfazwe yamakhaya kunye revolution. uyilo Tower Ayekholelwa ukuba le nkcukacha zincinci, kodwa yayisathe nabalulamileyo. Elula ukuba usizo ukuba ngokoqobo kuba waziva zonke iinkcukacha, yaye onke amalungu musa ukuba uyilo ekhethekileyo yaye, sigcine, rivet kunye iiprofayili.

Ngaphandle koku, i-Shukhov Tower e Moscow (ifoto ezo maxesha kunokubonwa neemyuziyam esixeko) khange Yayakha ngokukhawuleza ngendlela esingathanda. Abasebenzi bakhalaza ukuba iibhodi namaplanga beze makasoloko kokulibazisa olukhulu, kunye nentsimbi kwaye ume ngaphandle kabuhlungu kakhulu.

Umbhali V. G. Shuhov emehlweni inxaxheba kulwakhiwo, eqhutywa amaziko, elungelelanisiweyo nokusiwa zezixhobo zokwakha, wayalela umxhesho kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ngokoqobo kunye imfazwe wafuna imivuzo ngexesha abasebenzi.

Ngakumbi ukunciphisa ixabiso kwesibonelelo ibandla, umakhi beza icandelo ubude m 25 ukuqokelela nezinobunzima ukuya iikhilogram 300 emhlabeni, ize emva koko intambo kunye sokutsala into ngentambo ukuyivusa phezulu. Yena ngokobuqu kuzo zonke avuke. Yaye ke Shukhov Tower eMoscow waqalisa ukuba imilo.

Shukhov, nangona iingxaki ezikumila buqu, wazinikela ukwakhiwa. Ekupheleni kwehlobo 1919, ukufa, unyana wakhe, ngoMatshi 1920 - unina. NgoJuni ka-1921 kwenzeke mothuko elandelayo: ngelixa nokuphakamisa icandelo wesine, owesithathu wayaphula. Yento enye iintambo, kwaye icandelo yesine uhle, onakalise ezimbini zokuqala ezenza isiseko yenqaba leyo inde. Amaxhoba, ngethamsanqa, wakwazi ukubaleka, kodwa Shukhov ukususela ngaloo mini waqalisa lokuncinwa, ityala kunye ikhomishini. Ngenxa yoko, wathi wawongwa ebizwa ngokuba "ukufotelwa olunemiqathango", nto leyo kuba yingenelo kakhulu ukuba kwinqaba ayikwazanga ukugqiba phambi kwexesha.

Shukhov Tower eziqhelekileyo kuthi, ifoto leyo kuqwalaselwa ngakumbi njengoko incwadi eyenzelwe ukuba amandla zokwakha, kunye neencwadana zokuhamba sungula ku eMoscow, waqalisa ukusebenza ngo-1923.

Abantu besizukulwana nangaphezulu uya kuphawula ukuba ixesha elide yayisebenza "ikhadi ubizo" kamabonakude bonke phezu USSR. Trial losasazo ngenjongo yabanjwa okokuqala ngo-1937, yaye kwiminyaka emibini kamva, ngowe-1939, kukho kakade usasazo rhoqo.

Uyilo iye kancane ukubaluleka kwayo. indima kule badlale kuvulwa ngo-1967 of Ostankino wesimanje ngakumbi ezinamandla.

Yintoni na namhlanje Tower

Ukanti Shukhov Tower kwi Shabolovka idlale ezibaluleke kakhulu kubomi baseRashiya. Njani? Inyaniso kukuba emva umlilo kwi Ostankino TV Tower ngo-2000 kunye neminyaka enesiqingatha ke le into exhasa Ngoncedo nosasazo iindlela eziphambili.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, abakhi behlabathi baye bayiphawula wobugcisa yakhe ekhethekileyo kunye ezibalaseleyo zobunjineli.

World udumo kunye nokubaluleka iziko ekuthiwa Shukhov inqaba, iifoto apho kuqwalaselwa ngokweenkcukacha enkulu, ingqinwa ngakumbi amabhaso avela kwimiboniso eyahlukeneyo. models zayo inxaxheba phantse zonke Imiboniso edumileyo Yurophu kwiminyaka yakutshanje.

Umzekelo, umfanekiso nenqaba radio yayisetyenziswa njengendawo logo eParis Centre Pompidou, umboniso "Engineering Art". Kwaye ngo-2003 e-Munich, kumnyadala osihloko sithi "kuyilo Top kunye nolwakhiwo izakhiwo kwinkulungwane XX", kwase efakiweyo inqaba ihonjiswe Shukhov 6m eziphakamileyo. Ukongeza, iincwadi ezininzi ngembali izakhiwo eYurophu, le isakhiwo ichazwe ngokwenkcukacha.

Ngowe-2006, kwinkomfa yenzululwazi ngomlinganiselo langa "Ukulondolozwa izakhiwo kwinkulungwane XX", apho yazinyaswa ziingcali 170 abavela kumazwe-30, Shukhov Tower yathatyathwa yi wobugcisa kuyilo Russian kwaye i World Heritage Site.

Ngokutsho data ezibonelelwa yi-site, ukukhusela izinto "ngumhlali" Shukhov Tower okwangoku ikhuselwe ngurhulumente, kucetyiswa ukuba sibandakanywe UNESCO World Heritage Site, kodwa ukufikelela kuyo ivaliwe.

Umsebenzi owenziwa kwinkulungwane xxi

umyili British N. Foster ngoMatshi 2010, wabhala ileta kunye imfuno ukuyilandelela ngokupheleleyo nenqaba kwimo yaso yesiqhelo, bephawula ukuba amanxuwa wayitshabalalisa.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, abakhi walungisa iinketho eziliqela ukuze afumane loo nto. Omnye wabo inikeza ngeenxa ukuba adale (ngomfanekiso Eiffel Tower), indawo zolonwabo. Kukho ibimele ukuba indawo yoshishino, imyuziyam kunye ebanzi yenkcubeko.

Ngo-2011, Putin wayalela ngo 2011-2013 ukuya kulwabiwo-mali ye-Federation yezigidi 135 engange. ukuba uyilo kunye nokwakhiwa ngokutsha le into.

NgoJuni 2012, nenqaba leyo kuvavanywa yi-ntaka yaqonda. Nalo wadala imodeli-onamacala amathathu imibombo eMoscow isale uhlaba eye yenzeka ukususela.

Kulo nyaka, ukhuphiswano ngenxa contract franchise, ezijolise kuphuhliso yokusebenza kunye namaxwebhu yoyilo ukuba ukuvuselelwa inqaba waphumelela inkampani "Quality kunye nokuthembeka", nto leyo ngaphezu kweshumi kunye nesiqingatha sesigidi engange udale iprojekthi yokwakha lwehlabathi.

Umphathi Fund "Shukhov Tower" kwaye umzukulwana injineli qwa wathi projekthi ezixabisa izigidi-2 kowethu ehlawulwa ngamaziko angaphandle ukuba bajongane lwezakhiwo, ezobunjineli yemvelo.

isidingo sokuba ukubuyiselwa

Kuba lonke ixesha lokwakha nokusebenza zobunjineli zange capitally kulungiswa na. Emva ngo-1992, oko liqaphele imfuneko ukulungiswa ngokungxamisekileyo. Fund "Shukhov Tower" kwacetyiswa iinketho eziliqela ukwenzela ukulungiswa kwale sakhiwo ikhethekileyo.

Eyona nto ifundiswayo kukuba kwizowuni lavalwa, kufutshane enqabeni ende, ukuze ukhenketho, ukwakha iipaka, amachibi, amaziko olondolozo kunye holo yekonsathi.

Kwakhona kukho isindululo ukutshintshela kuyilo kwenye yeendawo ezilandelayo:

• Gorky Park ;
• ENEA;
• District ukulungela inqaba.

Against ukudluliswa lukhulu, kuquka indima ekhethekileyo edlalwa ngabameli lwemvelaphi "ngumhlali". "Shukhov Tower kufuneka ibekwe kwindawo yayo zembali, kungenjalo uya kutshabalalisa ihlabathi nje wobugcisa," - bathi.

Izicwangciso ukudlulisela: kwingxoxo 'for "yaye" nxamnye "

Ngo-2014, i-Ofisi yoMphathiswa of Communications and Mass Media ingxelo ukuba nqaba iye yasuswa kwi imeko pre-likaxakeka kwi intshabalalo serial.

Abameli karhulumente baye ukuba ibattery into yonke kwaye siyibuyisele kwenye indawo.

Kodwa nxamnye ukudluliselwa kunye uhlahlelo ilifa yokwakha kweli lizwe wenza iingcali nangoko 38 ephambili ngamazwe kunye nabayili bezakhiwo, kwakunye abahlali kummandla Shabolovka.

Phantsi uxinzelelo loluntu, urhulumente wagqiba ekubeni ukuncothula kwinqaba waza wavuma ukuba iSebe lezoNxibelelwano ngeendleko zabo ukuthatha amanyathelo impendulo olungxamisekileyo ukukhusela into.

Yintoni Foundation "Shukhov Tower"?

Intloko-mali efanayo ikhonza umzukulwana injineli odumileyo - Vladimir Fedorovich Shukhov. Sithetha nje inikezela ngokutsha ebanzi intsimi kufuphi leyo inde. Ngokutsho yaseYurophu amava nokulungiswa kwezakhiwo wezakhiwo unique kufuneka kwenziwa kwindawo kwindawo efanayo izibonelelo nokuqinisekisa ukutya into olubonakalayo efanelekileyo. Ngaloo ndlela, kuyenzeka ukuba ukutsala utyalo-mali olukhulu.

Fund "Shukhov Tower" imela indalo kwezakhiwo emazantsi liziko lokuqala inzululwazi, ubugcisa nenkcubeko, nto leyo eya kubandakanya imyuziyam V. G. Shuhova, iziko ishishini, kunye uluhlu izakhiwo zoluntu.

Umbutho kumgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe ufuna zombini amaziko kunye neenkampani, kwaye phambili iinjineli, abakhi kunye neengcali.

iinyani ezinika umdla malunga enqabeni

Shuhovskaya - nguwe kanye isakhiwo hyperboloid ekhethekileyo eyenziwe ngokwakha cover yentsimbi enemingxuma axhasayo. Okwangoku, nasenqabeni uyavunywa ziingcali ehlabathini lonke elinye lunempumelelo okhanyayo zobunjineli.

It has a metallosetchatuyu ekhethekileyo uyilo ebukekayo ukuba sifeze ifuthe amancinane umoya, elimele izakhiwo ezisisiseko umngcipheko omkhulu. Ukwakhiwa steel kulula ingakumbi elide.

I tapered ngeenxa zonke izindlu inqaba 25 ubunjwe amacandelo wemitha ezintandathu, ezantsi apho ibekwe phezu kwesiseko kubunzulu ekhethekileyo obubambekayo eziimitha ezintathu. Wenqaba ende, ukuba ebotshwe rivet. Le nqaba yakhiwa ngaphandle milenge, kwakufuneka enye kuphela kuququzelelwa top ukusebenza.

Ngaphambi kwemfazwe, ukwakhiwa wathabatha uhlolo engaqhelekanga: iposi-moya ngexesha esemoyeni ubanjwe intambo axhasayo ezinde. Le isithuthi phantse kwaphulwa, nasenqabeni nje kancinane obungenakuzanyazanyiswa nje, kodwa, ngethamsanqa, wahlala ukuma.

Loo nto inika umdla gqitha ukuba ngemihla zosasazo ephilayo yokuqala, xa ntetho ayengavunyelwa ukuba nkqu mpazamo incinane, baya ababenyuke isithethe 'ithamsanqa': ingcamango efire ngempumelelo ukuhambahamba kwinqaba kwebala apho emazantsi yemiqadi yokuhlanganisa.

ukubuyekeza positive

I Tower ngokungathandabuzekiyo omnye iisimboli eMoscow. Abakhenkethi lowo ithuba ukubona oku edumileyo, yesithathu ngobukhulu e Moscow inqaba, swi teke ku ri sakhiwo, original yaye intle kunene into, ubutyebi yokwenene yaseRashiya.

Bathi ebumnyameni, yaye imozulu ecacileyo ngayo, ezinemithi phezu kumahlathi eziphathekayo esi sixeko, kubonakala yinzwakazi.

Abantu banethemba lokuba enqabeni iya kuba eMoscow, yaye uya ekugqibeleni kwakhona.

Abachasi nokugcina into

Ngelishwa, zikhona. Abaxhasi ukudilizwa into kugxininisa inyaniso yokuba xa likarhulumente langoku, nasenqabeni usona imbonakalo elumelwaneni.

Isiphelo mnye: Shukhov ngokuyimfuneko kufuneka kubuyiselwe, yaye ukuba wenze njalo kumele ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka.