System ABS. Inkqubo yokukhusela isistim: injongo, isixhobo, umgaqo wokusebenza. Bleed the brakes nge ABS

Iinkqubo zokuhamba ngeemoto zeemoto, ezibonakaliswe ngempumelelo ephezulu, kwezinye iimeko zingakhokelela ekubangeni kweengozi. Oku kubangelwe kukuba inqabana ngokukhawuleza iivili zivaliwe ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ukubetha kwendlela kuyaphela. Kwaye akusoloko umqhubi ongenamava akwazi ukujamelana nemoto kwaye ngokukhawuleza unciphise isivinini. Ukukhusela ukuphazanyiswa kunye nokukhutshwa kwamavili, unokusebenzisa ngokukhawuleza i-freake. Kukho inkqubo ye-ABS eyenzelwe ukukhusela iimeko eziyingozi xa uqhuba. Iphucula umgangatho wokunamathela kwendlela kwaye igcina ukulawulwa kweemoto, kungakhathaliseki ukuba luhlobo lwengubo.

Umgaqo wokusebenza

Inkqubo yenkqubo ingafaniswa nezenzo zomqhubi onamava. Oku kubonakala ngokugqithisileyo xa iinqwelo zeqhwa, xa iivili zisecaleni lokuvimba. Ukongezelela, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukusasazwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwemikhosi yokuqhaqhafaza nokulondolozwa kokuzinza kwezithuthi.

Ukusebenza kwesi sixhobo kusekelwe kwimpembelelo yomlambo wetshefu kwiindlela zevili. Oku kuncedisa ekubonakala kwintambo yokuqhaqhaqhayisa kwindawo yokudibanisa kwendlela kunye neevili. Ukunyuka kwesi siphumo kwenzeka kuphela ukuya kumzuzwana otyunjweyo, ngaphandle koko kwenyuka ukunyuka ngenxa yokuyeka ukujikeleza.

Yiloo nto edla ngokuba yinto yokulahlekelwa ngumlawuli ngumnini wemoto. Iyunithi yokulawula yesistim ifumana iimpawu ezivela kwiisenzi ezichaphazelekayo, emva koko uxinzelelo kwinkqubo yokuqhaqhafaza iyancipha, kwaye iqondo lokudakumba kwe-pedal alinandaba.

Oko okumele ukwazi

Inkqubo ye-ABS yemoto ineyona nto ehlukile, equlethwe ekunqumeni ukuqhuma kwevili ngalinye. Ukuqhelaniswa kweengcinezelo zamanzi kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba uhamba luzinzile. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukuqhuba imoto ngaphandle kwe-ABS kwaye ixhotyiswe kule nkqubo inokwakhekahluko. Kwimeko yokugqibela, unokuchukumisa ngokukhuselekileyo ukuqhekeka, ungakhathazeki malunga nokunqandwa kokucinywa. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kubaqhubi abanamava amaninzi kwaye ngokokuqala ngqa badibana nesongezelelo esinjalo.

Bleed the brakes nge ABS

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukusebenza, kuyafaneleka ukubeka ingqwalasela kumgca womanyano. Ukuba iqulethe imigibe yokugqwala, kuyimfuneko ukuphatha umhlaba ngekhampani ekhethekileyo, oku kuya kuthintela umonakalo kumtya.

Iphayiphu evulekileyo ifakwe kwisilinda esilungeleyo, isiphelo sesibini apho sithotywa kwisitya. Lever yegesi kufuneka ibe kwindawo engathathi hlangothi. I-pedal pedal isetyenziswe ngaphambi kokuqala koxhatshazo. Kwinkqubo yokubamba i-pedal ingagxininisi ukugalela, emva kokuba kufuneka idibane nomgangatho. Ungayikhulula kuphela emva kokuqinisa umanyano. Kwinkqubo yomsebenzi kubaluleke kakhulu ukudibanisa ngokuqhelekileyo kwe-brake fluid, oku kuya kuthintela ukungena kwomoya kwisiphaluka.

Ukuhlola umgangatho womsebenzi

Ukuhlamba iibhuleki kunye ne-ABS kwenziwa kwivili ngalinye. Kule meko, akufuneki kubekho amancinci amancinci kwi-brake fluid. Isinyathelo sokugqibela kukujonga ukuhamba okungahambiyo kwe-pedal kwaye ungeze umbane kwizinga elifunekayo. Kukwafanelekile ukujonga ubungqina kunye nokuqina komzimba ngamnye.

Umsebenzi unokuhlolisiswa ngokucinezela i-pedake pedal imizuzwana engu-15 ngenjini eqhubayo. Ngeli xesha, imizuzwana embalwa, isibonakaliso esibonisa ukuxilonga ngokuzimela kufuneka sivule. Ukuba akukho nto eyenzekayo, oku kubonisa ukuba kukho ukungasebenzi kweprogram ye-ABS. Ukufika nge-braking echanekileyo kuya kuvumela ukuvavanya umgangatho womsebenzi.

Ukwakhiwa

Inkqubo iqukethe izinto ezincinci:

• I-block hydraulic;
• Iyunithi yolawulo lwe-elektroniki
• Izibonakaliso zesantya sevili.

Njengomthetho, iisenzi zisebenza kumgaqo-electromagnetic principle. Ziquka i-coil eneenkalo ezikhethekileyo. I-current magnetic ngaphakathi kwintshintsho yentshukumo ngenxa yokuhamba kwamanzi kunye nezamazintambo ngexesha lokujikeleza kwevili. Iyunithi yokulawula i-elektroniki ithola iimpawu ezingenayo kwaye inquma isivinini sokujikeleza. Ngoncedo lweetafile ezikhethekileyo, ikhomputha ibala i-algorithm yokurhafisa ephezulu, uxinzelelo oluninzi lwe-brake kunye nomgangatho wendlela yomhlaba. Kwiyunithi yokulawula ngabahambeli bee-modulators, ezichonga izinga elifanelekileyo loxinzelelo lweevili. Ukuba kukho ukungasebenzi, i-Indicator Malfunction Indicator ikhanyise, ekwazisa umqhubi ukuba uvavanyo lwe-ABS lufunwa.

Inzuzo

Inkqubo yayo yokuhambisa i-ABS ifunyenwe ngenxa yobuninzi bezinto ezintle, ezibandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Akukho mfuneko yokufunda iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvimbela;
• I-gas pedal ayifuni ukubeka iliso olunzulu, nto ibaluleke kakhulu kubaqhubi bamabhayiseli;
• Ukuzivocavoca kuhamba ngokukhangela ngokufanayo;
• Ubunokwenzeka bokuqhawula kuyo nayiphi na inxalenye yokujika.

Iingxaki

Nangona kulungele ukusetyenziswa, inkqubo ye-anti-lock braking ye-car ayikwazi ukuba yintlupheko kuyo zonke iingxaki zengxube ezinxulumene ne-braking. Ayinayo imiba engafanelekiyo, kubandakanywa ukungabikho kokusetyenziswa ekusebenziseni phantsi kweemeko ezimbi. Kwakhona kufanelekile ukuphawula oku kulandelayo:

• Kukhona ithuba lokulibaziseka ekufakweni kwenkqubo, kuba ukusebenza kwayo ngokugcweleyo kunokwenzeka kuphela emva kokumisela umlinganiso wokulandelelana kwamavili kunye nokuhamba kwebala kunye nokuvavanya umgangatho we-blade;
• Umqhubi akayikulawula inkqubo yokuqhaqhaqhafaza, okubangela ukuba inkqubo ye-ABS yokuqhawula isitshixo ingabonakali;
• I-coefficient of adhesion ingabalwa ngokungalunganga kunye nezinguqu eziqhelekileyo kwi-coverage engafanelekanga, oko kutheni ubuchule buyancitshiswa;
• Inkqubo ye-ABS ayisebenzisi kwisantya esingaphantsi kwe-10 km / h, oku kukhulu ngakumbi kwiimoto ezinzima okanye ezikhuselekile, kuba kule meko umgama wokugqithisa unyuke kakhulu kwaye kukho amathuba enengozi;
• Ubunzima bokusebenza kumhlaba okhululekileyo kunye nomhlaba ngenxa yokupheliswa kwezinto ezincinci zokukhusela iivili.

Ukusetyenziswa, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela zonke iimpawu kunye nokungalunganga. Inkqubo ye-ABS yenzelwe ukubonelela ngokugcwele imoto ngexesha lokutshatyalaliswa ngokukhawuleza. Ngaloo ndlela, umqhubi unokukwazi ukuqhuba isithuthi ngokuzithemba aze akwazi ukuqhuba ngexesha lokurhweba. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezi zinto kwenza inkqubo ibe ngumncedisi osebenzayo kwindlela kwaye ikhulise ukhuseleko lomqhubi kunye nabagibeli. Umnini wemoto, onolwazi olwaneleyo, unako ukujamelana neemeko ezinzima kwaye ngaphandle koluncedo lwenkqubo, kodwa kubalulekile kubaqhubi abanamava.

Diagnostics

Xa kwenzeka ukungasebenzi, inkqubo ye-ABS yemoto ngokukhawuleza iyeka ukusebenza, ngenxa yokokuba ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo yokuqhaqhafaza yemoto kuyaphela. Umqhubi unokufumana ukuba kukho ingxaki kunye nokukhanya kokulumkisa kwipaneli yangaphambili. Ukuxilongwa kungenziwa ngeendlela eziliqela, kuxhomekeke kwinguqu yecebo kunye nomnyaka wokuvelisa. Isizathu esona siqhelo kukuba ukungaphumeleli kwamafomu.

Okokuqala kufuneka uhlolwe isihlangu kwaye uqinisekise ukuba akukho monakalo. Kwakhona kuyafaneleka ukuthobela ingqalelo kwimeko yabaqhubi kunye nezixhuma. Kumele babe ne-tight fit and flat surface, ngaphandle kwemisundu kunye nemijelo, enokubangela isiphaluka esifutshane.

Ukumiswa kwebhuloho (ukuxhaswa kunye namalungu angaphezulu) kunye neebherethi kufuneka zihlolwe ukuba kubakho umdlalo kunye nomgangatho wokusebenza. Ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo ihlawulwa kumpompo ophezulu. Kufuneka ukuba unqamle umnxibelelwano kwaye usebenzise umbane ukusuka kwibhetri ixesha elifutshane ukuya kumpompo. Ukwenza oku, ungasebenzisa abaqhubi ababini nawuphi na uhlobo. Ukuba iqalisa ukusebenza, ungaqhubeka noviwo olongezelelweyo.

Izixhobo

Kwiintsholongwane zentsholongwane kunye nezixhobo zazo, akufuneki kubekho umonakalo kunye namacwecwe. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthandwa okwenyukayo kwintsholongwane esebenzayo. Oku kubangelwa ubukho bezinto ezininzi ezinokuthi ukuziqhelanisa. Ziyabonakala ngokuchaneka okukhulu kwesalathisi kunye nokukwazi ukugqiba ijubane kwiindlela ezimbini ngokuchaneka ngokuchanekileyo. Izixhobo ezineenkcukacha ezichanekileyo zokulinganisa zisetyenziselwa kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa izixhobo zokulwa nobusela kunye nokuhamba kwe-satellite. Inzuzo yabo engenakukhunjulwa kukusebenza komsebenzi.