Speech yokuziphatha. Imithetho yokuziphatha. Eyona engundoqo imithetho yokuziphatha yokuthetha kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo kwintetho: imizekelo

intetho Human - ke umqondiso kubaluleke kakhulu characterological phezu kunokwenzeka ukuqinisekisa inqanaba lemfundo nje kuphela, kodwa ubungakanani uxanduva kunye ingqeqesho yayo. Inika kwawo kwabanye abantu, ngokwabo, ukuba ubagwebele. Ngoko ke, ukuba asebenze kwi intetho yakhe kubalulekile ukuba nabani na ofuna ukuba siphumelele ukunxibelelana nabanye abantu. Imithetho yokuziphatha intetho, isishwankathelo apho ngamnye wethu ufunda ebuntwaneni, igalelo ekuziqondeni ngcono phakathi kwabantu baze bachaze ubudlelwane.

Ingcamango yokuziphatha intetho

Yokuziphatha - uludwe lwemimiselo-siseko kunye nemigaqo yokuziphatha, ngokuqhelekileyo ikhowudi ongabhalwanga ukuba wonke umntu ufunda kunye nenkcubeko. Ukuthobela imithetho yokuziphatha yokuthetha idla akukho mfuneko ukwenza kwi an okanye ngembalelwano, kodwa ke inyanzelekile ukuba wonke umntu ofuna ukuphucula ubudlelane nabanye abantu. Intetho etiquette umisela oyifunayo uhlobo ngomlomo iimeko zonxibelelwano eqhelekileyo. Le mithetho mntu wacinga ngabom, ukuba kwasekwa ngexesha yentsebenziswano yabantu amawaka eminyaka. ifomula yokuziphatha ngamnye iingcambu zawo, iimpawu kunye iinketho. Intetho yokuziphatha, imithetho yokuziphatha na umqondiso ngumntu ofundileyo kwaye athobekile kwaye kuva lungisa kulo nkolelo omhle loo mntu, kunye nokusetyenziswa zabo.

Imbali ingenzeka

Igama elithi "yokuziphatha" livela kwisiGrike kwisiFrentshi. Etymologically, iya emva iingcambu intsingiselo umyalelo, ulawulo. E France, ilizwi elo lisetyenziswa ukubhekisela ikhadi ezizodwa, apho imithetho yokuhlala kunye nokuziphatha etafileni yasebukhosini babesele emiselweyo. ngexesha uLouis XIV yokuziphatha nesenzeko ngokwayo, Kakade ke, Ngubani na ongaphunyelwayo Kodwa, kuba phi na imvelaphi yamandulo. Imithetho yokuziphatha intetho, isishwankathelo lwazo echazwe ibinzana elithi "unxibelelwano ngempumelelo", baqale ukwakha xa abantu ukuba bafunde ukwakha ubuhlobo kunye thethana kunye nabanye. Nkqu kumaxesha amandulo kwakukho imithetho yokuziphatha ezinceda interlocutors boyise ukungathembani macala kunye nokusungula unxibelelwano. Ngenxa yoko, ikhowudi yokuziphatha kakuhle kuchazwa imibhalo yamaGrike amandulo, amaYiputa. imithetho zokufundisa kumaxesha amandulo ibe uhlobo izithethe, nto leyo eyabangela interlocutors ukuba 'igazi enye "ukuba kungenakufaka engozini. Nganye inecandelo isiko ngamazwi nangezenzo. Kancane intsingiselo yawo yokuqala izenzo ezininzi, kodwa kwisiko kunye kuqulunqo wayo ngomlomo siyakhuselwa kwaye iyaqhubeka ukudlala.

Imisebenzi ye yokuziphatha intetho

Le ndoda mihla kaninzi umbuzo oko kufuna imithetho yokuziphatha yokuthetha? Impendulo short - ukukholisa abanye abantu. Eyona umsebenzi yokuziphatha intetho - nimanyane. Xa mthombo uthobela imithetho ngokubanzi, loo nto yenza ukuba eqondakalayo enokuxelwa kwangaphambili, siye engaqondanga sibe nentembelo ngakumbi oko bayawazi. Lenza emva amaxesha nobu-, xa ihlabathi lonke ibe iluncedo kakhulu kwaye yonke usengozini, ukuba ukugcinwa kwezithethe kwakubaluleke kakhulu. Kwaye xa iqabane unxibelelwano lwenziwa isethi aziqhelileyo izenzo, wathi la mazwi achanekileyo, isusa yinxalenye ukungathembani kwaye kubelula contact. Namhlanje, inkumbulo yethu yemfuza kwakhona isixelela ukuba umntu ekuthobeleni imithetho unokuthenjwa ngakumbi. Imithetho kunye nemigaqo yokuziphatha yokuthetha enze umsebenzi wokusungula umoya omhle ngokweemvakalelo, ukunikela ukuze nempembelelo entle kwi interlocutor. Intetho zokufundisa njengendlela yokubonisa intlonelo omnye umntu, inceda ukugxininisa ubume iindima phakathi communicants kunye nesimo imeko wonxibelelwano - ushishino, sesikweni kwaye banobuhlobo. Ngaloo ndlela, imithetho yokuziphatha nithetha sisixhobo nokuthintela ungquzulwano. Inxalenye ngengxabano isuswe ifomula yokuziphatha elula. Intetho zokufundisa njengenxalenye ngokusesikweni ezisesikweni ukwenza umsebenzi ezilawulayo, oko kuyanceda ukuseka abafowunelwa, iphembelela ukuziphatha abantu kwiimeko ezithile.

Types of yokuziphatha intetho

Njengaye nawuphi na ulwimi, ukuziphatha etiquette ngamazwi kwahlukile ekwimo ebhaliweyo ngomlomo. iintlobo ebhaliweyo imithetho engqongqo kakhulu, kwaye kule fom le yokuziphatha ifomula efunekayo ukusetyenziswa. Le fom yomlomo lwentando yesininzi ngakumbi, oko kuvunyelwa kwezinye izithuba okanye amagama ufakele kunye nezenzo. Ngokomzekelo, maxa wambi endaweni "Molo", ungafumana ukunqwala okanye isaphetha okungephi.

Yokuziphatha lisibeka imithetho yokuziphatha kwiindawo ezithile neemeko. It isigqibo sokwabela iqela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo yokuziphatha intetho. Esemthethweni, ishishini okanye zobungcali yokuziphatha intetho ichaza imigaqo yokuziphatha ngomlomo ekwenziweni kwemisebenzi esemthethweni, ezingxoxweni, ukulungiselela amaxwebhu. Le Uhlobo kakhulu ngokusesikweni, ingakumbi iindidi ebhaliweyo. imithetho Russian yokuziphatha yokuthetha kwiimeko ezisesikweni kunye sikweni yahluke kakhulu, eli utshintsho umqondiso yokuqala zenye kwenye yokuziphatha inokuba utshintsho unyango kwi "u 'ukuba ndibhenele" kuwe. " Ongathandani yokuziphatha yokuthetha inkululeko ngaphezu igosa, apha kukho Ukwahluka enkulu iifomyula ezingundoqo yokuziphatha. Kwakhona, kukho iintlobo yokuziphatha intetho njengoko ozakuzo, zomkhosi nezonqulo.

Imigaqo yokuziphatha kwintetho yanamhlanje

Nayiphi na imithetho yokuziphatha isekelwe phezu kwale mithetho-siseko jikelele yokuziphatha, asinto umnyinyiva kunye nentetho yokuziphatha. Umthetho legolide yokuziphatha yokuthetha isekelwe kwi-siseko engundoqo yokuziphatha, owasungulwa kant: Yenza kwabanye njengoko uya kuba babe ziintombi kuwe ukukwenza. Ngenxa yoko, athobekile kwaye mayiquke ifomula ezinjalo ukuba umntu uza kukuvuyela ukuva. Imigaqo ezisisiseko yokuziphatha nithetha ukufaneleka, ukuchaneka, nabubufutshane nokuchaneka. Isithethi kufuneka ukhethe ifomula intetho ngokungqinelana nale meko, ubume umthombo, ngesidanga nabaqheleneyo naye. Xa kunjalo kuyimfuneko ndithetha ngokufutshane kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kodwa musa silahlekelwe ngexesha elifanayo intsingiselo oko kwakuthethwa. Kakade ke, isithethi kufuneka ukuba simhloniphe liqabane unxibelelwano, uze uzame ukwakha ingxelo yakho ngokungqinelana nemithetho yolwimi Russian. Intetho etiquette lusekelwe kwiinqobo ezimbini ibalulekileyo: nobuntu kunye nentsebenziswano. umntu ngembeko uphatha abanye abantu isicwangciso original okulungileyo, kufuneka sinyaniseke kwaye enobubele. Communicants kufuneka ibe macala omabini ukwenza yonke into ukuze baxoxe yaba onemveliso, bemvisiswano nezimnandi kubo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba.

isimo etiquette

Yokuziphatha ulawula yokuziphatha kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Ngokwemveli, oko iyahluka kakhulu isicwangciso ngokusemthethweni kwaye kubomi bemihla ngemihla, kwakunye kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ubukho yayo; ngembalelwano okanye ngomlomo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho imigaqo ngokubanzi yokuziphatha yokuthetha ezahlukeneyo kwiimeko intetho. Uluhlu ezinjalo okufanayo onke amasimi, iinkcubeko kunye neefom. Iimeko standard yokuziphatha ziquka:

- ngawo;

- atsala ingqalelo kunye nonyango;

- intshumayelo kunye nokuqaliswa;

- isimemo;

- nesiphakamiso;

- isicelo;

- Council;

- mbulelo;

- elirhoxisa nemvume;

- siyavuyisana;

- uvelwano;

- uvelwano intuthuzelo;

- a kunconywa.

imeko ngalinye yokuziphatha isethi ngamandla ifomula yokuthetha, ezo akukhuthazwa ukuba zisetyenziswe.

iimpawu National yokuziphatha

Intetho etiquette usekelwe jikelele, nezimiso yokuziphatha. Ngoko ke, oko sisiseko olufanayo kuzo zonke iindawo. Le migaqo jikelele uphawu onke amazwe kuquka wazibamba ngokubonakala iimvakalelo, imbeko, ubuchule kunye nokukwazi ukusebenzisa ifomula intetho eqhelekileyo, efanelekileyo kwimeko, nomoya omhle kule interlocutor. Kodwa ukuqonda ethile eyeyona jikelele nga zinokwahluka kakhulu kwiinkcubeko yesizwe ezahlukeneyo. Ukwahluka lidla wabonakalaliswa kwi imeko umgangatho yobhaliso intetho. I iyonke inkcubeko yonxibelelwano echaphazela yokuziphatha intetho yesizwe. Yokuziphatha, umzekelo, iquka nokugcina incoko Russian, ngisho nabantu, ukuba ndibe nabo kwindawo encinci ngolo hlobo (kwi gumbi uloliwe), lo gama i-Japanese kwaye amaBritane iza kuzama ukuba cwaka kwiimeko ezifanayo, okanye ukuthetha kwizihloko ezininzi cala. Hayi ukuba kuqamangeleke ukunxibelelana basemzini, kufuneka ibe ulungiselela intlanganiso, uhlolisise imithetho yabo yokuziphatha.

Le meko ngenjongo yokuxoxa

Eyona engundoqo imithetho yokuziphatha yokuthetha ekuqaleni incoko enxulumene ubhaliso intetho wamkelekile kunye nonyango. formula ezisisiseko ukubingelela igama elithi "molo" ulwimi Russian. Kunokuba ifane athi "ndiya kunamkela" ngokundibamba esidala kunye "kusasa ngemini elungileyo,, ngokuhlwa" ngokweemvakalelo ngakumbi, xa kuthelekiswa kuqulunqo esisiseko. Inqanaba ukubingelela yenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo ekumiseleni umfowunelwa, amagama kufuneka libizwe kunye ithowuni enyanisekileyo, kunye Utyalo amanqaku iimvakalelo kakuhle.

Iindlela ukutsala ingqalelo la mazwi: "makhe / imvume ukuthetha", "buhlungu", "uxolo" kunye nokongeza kuyo i binzana explanatory: izimvo, izicelo, kunye neengcebiso.

nokusingatha imeko

Ukujongana - enye yezi meko zinzima, indlela yokuziphatha, ekubeni kulula ukufumana igama efanelekileyo kumntu ofuna ukusisebenzisa. Ulwimi Russian igqalwa namhlanje isibheno jikelele "Mhlekazi / Nkosikazi", kodwa intetho azisoloko liziqhelanise kakuhle ngokunxulumene iingcinga ezingentle kwi leSoviet. Unyango olungcono - ngegama okanye ngegama, kodwa akusoloko kusenzeka. kuphoxwa: isibheno magama "intombazana", "mfazi", "man". Kwimeko kunxibelelwano sokuqeqeshelwa zingafumaneka phantsi igama kwizikhundla oluntu, afana "Mphathi." imithetho ngokubanzi yokuziphatha intetho ingashwankathelwa njengelinge ngayo ukuthuthuzela communicants. Isikhalazo kuyo nayiphi na imeko ukuba sasingabhekisi ezinye iimpawu ngayo loo mntu (isini, ubudala, ubuzwe okanye ukholo).

Qhagamshelana isimo ukugqitywa

Inqanaba lokugqibela le unxibelelwano nayo kubaluleke kakhulu, uya kukhumbula emacaleni kunye nemfuneko ukuzama ukushiya okhule. Imithetho ukunyamezela yokuziphatha yokuthetha, imizekelo apho siyazi ukususela ebuntwaneni, kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise ekwahlukaneni ibinzana zemveli "Usale", "ndinibone", "ndlela ntle." Noko ke, isigaba sokugqibela kufuneka kwakhona ukubandakanya enkosi ngokuthatha ixesha lokuba baxoxe, mhlawumbi, ngentsebenziswano yabo. Unako kwakhona wavakalisa ithemba ngentsebenziswano ngakumbi, ukuba bathi amazwi akhuthazayo. Intetho yokuziphatha, indlela yokuziphatha ekhuthazwayo ekupheleni lomfowunelwa zixhasa sithandwe, ukwakha umoya ngokweemvakalelo okunyaniseka ifudumale. Oku kunceda yokubala isitali: "Kwakumnandi gqitha ukuthetha nawe, ndiyathemba ukuba intsebenziswano ngakumbi." Kodwa amabinzana ethile kufuneka ndilithethile kakhulu ngokunyanisekileyo yaye ngemvo yokuba Ndizuze intsingiselo yokwenene. Kungenjalo, sala akuyi kuwushiya impendulo ngokweemvakalelo ayinqwenelayo kwimemori neqabane.

Imigaqo ngokuzithoba nothando

Le meko kufuneka iqwalaselwe omaziyo yonyango. unxibelelwano Business, abafowunelwa kunye abasemzini bacinga isibheno "kuwe." Ngokutsho imithetho yokuziphatha intetho, "wena" linokubhekisela omnye kuphela ngaphakathi unxibelelwano enobuntu ngemihla. Ukumelwa wenziwa ibinzana elithi "makhe lokwazisa", "uqhelane, nceda," "kukuvumela ukuba uthumele." Ezimele kwakhona sinika inkcazo emfutshane zimelwe "sikhundla, igama, indawo yomsebenzi okanye iinkcukacha ezithile ingakumbi ephawulekayo." Ngaba ngokuqinisekileyo ukuqhelanisa ngaphandle isandi igama lakhe, bathi amagama ezintle, "ndiyavuya ukudibana nawe", "intle kakhulu."

Imigaqo evuyisana nombulelo

imithetho Modern yokuziphatha yokuthetha ulwimi Russian, wosondeza neentlobontlobo enkulu kangangoko of neefomula ukuba sibonise ukwazisa. Ukusuka a elula "enkosi" yaye "enkosi" kwi "sinombulelo" yaye "nombulelo gqitha". Kwenza ukuba inkonzo enkulu okanye isipho ukongeza amazwi ombulelo binzana ezongezelelweyo ezakhayo ezifana, "intle kakhulu," "Ndiza iphathwayo," "Wena uhlobo kangaka." Siyavuyisana ifomula zikhona kakhulu. Ukubhala ukubingelela ukuba nangaliphi na ixesha, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ngamagama azimeleyo, ngaphandle i "Siyavuyisana," njengesiqhelo leyo Sigxininisa ifitsha engqiqo kunye nomntu wanobungangamsha. Ukubulisa umbhalo singaquka nalo naluphi iingcebiso, kungakuhle ukuba azifekswanga beyenza, kwaye kuhambelana ngumtyholwa umbhiyozo ngamnye. Ukubiza umbuliso kufuneka ibe awuyicingi, leyo aya kukunika amazwi lixabiso elikhulu.

simemo Imithetho, ukunika, isicelo, imvume kunye nokwala

Mema umntu ukuba angenise nantoni na inxaxheba, kufuneka bathobele imithetho yokuziphatha intetho. izimemo meko, iingcebiso kunye izicelo into efanayo, apho isithethi kusoloko kancinci kunciphisa ubume ngendima yayo unxibelelwano kwaye igxininisa ukubaluleka interlocutor. izimemo Amabinzana ikwindawo yebinzana 'siye njengelungelo ukuba umeme ", leyo wathi ukubaluleka guest ekhethekile. Kuba izimemo, iingcebiso yaye licela ukusetyenziswa kwegama elithi "buza", "ukuba nithe nceda", "nceda". Isimemo kwaye mveliso zibe nokusetyenziselwa ukuphumeza wathi malunga avakalelwa ngayo isimemo, "uya kuba noyolo / kukuvuyela ukukubona", "Ndiyavuya ukunika kuwe." Nceda - imeko apho isithethi ngabom kwanciphisa indawo yawo unxibelelwano, kodwa ungayibaxi oku, izicelo kuyilo yesintu la mazwi: "Ndiyakubongoza", "lusaqala". Imvume kunye ukwala ukuthatha ukuziphatha ezahlukeneyo ngomlomo. Ukuba akukho mvumelwano kuba ngqo kakhulu, ukuba ukwala ukuba uqiniseke ukuba ahambe imixube oludambisa ukukhuthaza, umzekelo, "ngebhadi, kufuneka bathi hayi umnikelo wakho, kuba ngelo xesha ...".

Imigaqo condolence, uvelwano kunye uxolo

Iimeko kakhulu kabuhlungu, yokuziphatha intetho, yokuziphatha kucetyiswa kuphela ukuvakalisa iimvakalelo abanyanisekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuzisola novelwano kufuneka sikhatshwe amazwi akhuthazayo, ezifana "kuvelana nawe kuba ... kwaye Sinethemba lokuba ...." Emswaneni yayenziwa izihlandlo kuphela ngokwenene kabuhlungu, bona efanelekileyo nabo ukuthetha ngeemvakalelo zabo, kufuneka unikele uncedo. Umzekelo, "ndinishumayeza amazwi am abaqotho ukulahleka ... ngale iimvakalelo krakra kum. Unako ukubala kum xa abasweleyo. "

Imiqathango yokuvunywa nendumiso

Nezincomo - yinxenye ebalulekileyo yokuseka ubudlelwane obuhle, ezi imivumbo zentlalo - sisixhobo esiphumelelayo ukwakha ubuhlobo obuhle. Kodwa kunconywa - ukuba i yobuciko. Ekugudeni amaqondo avelele ubaxo. Kunconywa - yinto ubaxo kancinane nje inyaniso. Imithetho yokuziphatha yokuthetha Russian karhulumente ulwimi uncoma nendumiso kufuneka aphathe umntu, kungekhona izinto, ngoko ke amazwi, "njengokuba ninjalo ilokhwe u" - ukugxojwa imigaqo yokuziphatha, kodwa kunconywa ngokwenene ibinzana elithi "zinhle kule ukunxiba. " Indumiso abantu kwaye kufuneka zonke; ngokuba izakhono, imikhwa, ngenxa yokusebenza, kuba izivamvo.