Buvele iParthenon eAtene

IParthenon eAthene. Ngubani na weva ngalo? Kucacile ukuba engumqondiso mihla Greece nekomkhulu yayo, kunye iinkulungwane akubonileyo uyaqhuba waqonda njengoko umgangatho ubuhle, enye incarnations intle inkcubeko yamandulo. Kodwa yintoni enye Sazi ngale lesikhumbuzo izakhiwo? Masizame ukuba bashwankathele ngokufutshane izibakala ezaziwayo.

indawo

IParthenon UseAthene. It elimiswe eliphakamileyo (156 eemitha) kunye ngobunono izidanga sentaba, sime kumbindi wedolophu - Acropolis. Agora - ingqikelelo kwimbali yamandulo zamaGrike. Sanukufana nooyihlo bethu, i-nokuxubana, abemi Greece yamandulo yinxalenye ebalulekileyo umzi wabo ibekwe kumhlaba phezulu nokuqinisa. Unobangela kwenqaba ibekwe umlawuli komkhulu, uninzi yeetempile eqingqiweyo eliqela enikelwe koothixo-ndawo. I nokuxubana wabathiya detintsem inqaba isixeko kamva incwadi yesicelo, yaye amaGrike - Acropolis. On the Agora Museum nje kuphela kuyo itempile iParthenon, kodwa ezinye izakhiwo zaphawula ezahlukeneyo.

Yakha ixesha

IParthenon eAthene yakhiwa malunga neminyaka eli-10, kunye 446 nge-438 iminyaka BC. Ke eminye iminyaka 6 ndaqhubeka umhombiso oqingqiweyo weso sakhiwo. Ngeli xesha, Athens nje isivumelwano, yaye isixeko-karhulumente. Imithetho le mini-state Pericles - indoda waduma ngenxa ubugagu lakhe kunye nobuchule waka waba nguyise wabo wentando yesininzi. Ebudeni bolawulo lwakhe, eAthene Zazihonjiswe iitempile esingaqhelekanga, nezibingelelo, nemifanekiso.

Yintoni iParthenon eAtena?

Le itempile enikelwe uthixokazi Greek Athena. Enye inkcazelo intombi ka kaZeyus waba "Parthenos" - "enyulu, ntombi," ngoko kuyo itempile iParthenon - indawo yokunqula Athena, Virgo. Kubangela umdla ukuphawula ukuba ebudeni beminyaka yokuba ubukho kwalo ikwazile ukutyelela kuphela ingcwele yamandulo, kodwa ke yecawa lamaKristu ungowokubongwa Virgin Mary (kwinkulungwane VI-XII), kwaye ibandla lamaKatolika (kwinkulungwane XIII-XIV), kwaye ke lokukhonzela Muslim (XV-XVII kwiinkulungwane).

Imbali lwesakhiwo

Umsebenzi ekwakhiweni kwetempile wakhokela nomkroli ephawulekayo amandulo Greek Phidias. Abaphengululi baye bafumanisa ukuba obugqibeleleyo ukwakhiwa ngenxa ukuthotyelwa ngqongqo imithetho "inani kaThixo" edumileyo, apho umlinganiselo iinxalenye ezithile luphela ezivakaliswe rhoqo, i "imin yegolide."

Ukuze iParthenon wakhangela ngemvisiswano, i Acropolis inyusiwe kwakhiwa igquma enamandla. Phakathi ubude wetempile, kunye namacandelo yenduli phambi kuyo itempile iParthenon nomlinganiselo segolide ubudlelwane khona. Isakhiwo sakhiwe evela emarmore emhlophe, engazichazanga ubhedu, zeendlovu, yaba sisithabathaba, ipayini. I iParthenon eAtene waba lesizwe ngokwenene - indalo weengcibi zomdongwe, abachweli, coppersmiths, neengcibi zeendonga, ngabapeyinti, enameller, Engravers. Ngokutsho legend, xa nenye yeemazi zamaesile olwaluthwele ematyeni Acropolis, nje saka waza wakhululwa imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, waqhubeka ukuba qho kusasa "emsebenzini" ukuze iParthenon.

Ukwakhiwa kwaba imali eninzi kakhulu. Kodwa xa Pericles wacela abemi ukuba zonke iindleko kwi-akhawunti yakho (uze ubhale igama lakho kwisakhiwo), abantu baseAthene wala, kunye mali lwaqhutywa yi eluntwini.

kwelanga

Le tempile idumileyo yaba liziko zonqulo isixeko ngaphezu-17 eminyaka. Kodwa ngo 1687 ngokomyalelo jikelele Swedish Königsmark Venetians watshabalalisa kuyo itempile iParthenon. Athens boyiswa, babulawa amakhulu kwabasetyhini kunye nabantwana. Ngelishwa, itempile ubunzima kangangoko kule minyaka izayo akaba saba nako ukwenza imisebenzi yakhe. De phakathi kwinkulungwane XIX, abantu (kokubini amaGrike basemzini) ufekethe wabamba ezindongeni eziwayo namaqhekeza eqingqiweyo, zisuka kwamanye imisebenzi ebalaseleyo zobugcisa.

Esi sakhiwo yakhiwa kangangeminyaka eli-10, yaye phantse amabini eminyaka, ukuzama kwakhona. Ukuba unethamsanqa elaneleyo ukuba kutyelela eGrisi, qiniseka ukuya kwi i uhambo "eAthene Acropolis. IParthenon "ukuba ubungqina enye ezikhumbuzo kakhulu kudala.