China: ngokozwilakhe Military

Le ubuzwilakhe lempi 1913-1916 Yuan. Yaba linyathelo lokuqala ukongamela of China Beiyang clique militarist. Ukuthembela yobugorha despotism endala zaseAsiya - nabasemagunyeni, iindwalutho, abaqeshisi, kodwa ubukhulu becala ngenxa umkhosi, Yuan Shikai waqala ukuzama ukubuyisela ezasebukhosini. Ngowe-1915 yena walungelelanisa intshukumo monarchist, yaye ngoDisemba waba ngumlawuli. Ukuphendula lo, kwi engundoqo kunye nakumazantsi China ngo-1916 oko yaqala intshukumo antiyuanshikaevskoe - wombhodamo ezakhokelela kukuwa ulawulo komlawuli kunye ukufa Yuan Shikai. Emva koko Beiyang clique zahlulwe zibe ziinxalenye ezimbini. Kwiphondo lommntla nakumbindi yahlulwa phakathi Zhili kunye Anhui ukwahlukana iinjengele. In naseManchuria wamomeleza Fetyanskaya unqakrazo, kunye nakumaphondo kumazantsi - iinjengele "elizimeleyo". Indawo Yuan e Beijing, intloko Anhui clique Duan Qirui yaba yezopolitiko pro-Japanese. Kwakukho buthathaka kabukhali urhulumente kazwelonke, waqala ixesha kwengxabano imfazwe, t. E. Iimfazwe phakathi konqakrazo, ixesha ukuzimela lifa olunomkhosi, lokwahlulwa buthathaka ngakumbi xa bejamelene diktat China i-impiriyali. Kwimeko lomzabalazo oluqhubekayo phakathi endala kunye omtsha ngowe-1917 yaba wokugqibela kwaye lilinge aluphumelelanga ukubuyisela ezasebukhosini. China: ngokozwilakhe Military ...

imbali yokuqala intshukumo yenkululeko yesizwe e China amaxesha kutshanje yaba intshukumo "Meyi 4" 1919 isizathu lwangaphandle ukwenzela eli kuthutha kwinkomfa yoxolo isigqibo, elivulwe eParis ngoJanuwari 18, 1919 I-impiriyali angoongalo-balile ukuqwalasela iimfuno China (ally kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II ku Agasti 1917) ukuba, ukuba bamnike onke amalungelo ngaphambili German kunye namalungelo kwiphondo Shandong, ukuze kupheliswe zonke amalungelo kunye namalungelo namagunya impiriyali China. Aprili 30 Amandla wathabatha amanqaku 156-158 ye-Versailles iSivumelwano, ngawo onke amalungelo kunye namalungelo ngaphambili ezifunyenwe yi eJamani kwi kwisivumelwano ne-China, kwatshintsha ngokupheleleyo eJapan.

Olunomkhethe nehlazo ngenxa amanqaku Chinese ye-Versailles iSivumelwano wabangela kwalento wobhavumo ezahlukeneyo elime oluntu Chinese. Isibonakaliso kunye irali, yaququzelelwa inyathelo abafundi Beijing Meyi 4 phantsi slogans of non-ukuqatshelwa yiVersailles iSivumelwano, laqalisa ngobuninzi anti-impiriyali, anti-Japanese nentshukumo wokuthand nongqondongqondo Chinese, oohlohlesakhe yorhwebo kunye mveliso okuncinci medium ezisezidolophini, amachule kunye nabasebenzi kwizixeko ezinkulu eTshayina, olwaqhubeka kwaze Juni 1919 . Ukwalathisa amandla yembono nezopolitiko umzabalazo wedemokhrasi kunye olukhulu zizifundiswa okuncinci-yoohlohlesakhe kunye nabafundi. Sabasebenzi Chinese engekazani "iklasi ngokwayo", "yiya 'kuba amazwi jikelele lwentando yesininzi yaye anti-impiriyali yamaphephandaba kunye neengqondi ezincinane-yokuphatha. Kodwa inxaxheba ezimalunga ne-100 lamawaka. Working kwi anti-Japanese ugwayimbo, imiboniso kunye zelwa ngo-Meyi-Juni 1919 lwabonisa amalinge yokuqala sabasebenzi Chinese ukungena kwezopolitiko njenge amandla olululo ezimeleyo. Movement "ngoMeyi 4," negalelo ekunyukeni chu umsebenzi sezopolitiko sabasebenzi Chinese.

China: ngokozwilakhe Military