Iindlela yothintelo ungquzulwano. Uthintelo kongquzulwano entlanganweni kwaye esikolweni

Ingaba ingxabano-ezamahala ubukho kunokwenzeka kwiqela loluntu nje kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo? Kakade ke, ewe, ukuba isikolo Lihlale eMonastri dha e-Tibet.

Ukungakwazi ngaphandle ungquzulwano yobomi bemihla ngemihla - indlela kuphuhliso iimpawu yabantu ngabanye

Kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla akukho ukuxabana, ungquzulwano zobuqu - a nephupha nesenzeko. Ivuse kunye ukungqubana kweemfuno phakathi uluntu azisi nezibangelwa zentlalo ezikhulu okanye ezincinane, kufuneka sifunde ukuba ukulawula impixano. Ngapha koko, yintoni na uluntu? Oku iqela esiphila kwaye zixhomekeke kuyo - usapho, esikolweni, emsebenzini. Iingxabano akufuneki iya ku ndenzile. Ukuba awukwazi zingabandakanywa ubomi ngonaphakade, ngoko ukundifundisa njengezazisi impixano, ngokuthumela amandla etshabalalisayo ekutshatyalalisweni ukuya kwindalo.

ungquzulwano akhutheleyo ngaphakathi kumaziko emfundo aphakamileyo jikelele

Ukuze ube nokuthintela impixano nempumelelo, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuqonda kakuhle eli iingxaki, ekhokelela siba sibi yonxulumano phakathi kwabantu. Kweli nqaku, siza kuqhubeka ukususela kwiimeko ezinxulumene ukukhulisa umntwana. Oko kukuthi, siqwalasela impixano njengenxenye yenkqubo yemfundo yeziko lemfundo.

Iingxabano ezinxulumene ebomini esikolweni, ngokuqhelekileyo kuchaphazela iimfuno besebancinane, oluphakathi kunye nangaphezulu, abazali babo okanye abameli kunye nootitshala, kwaye kwezinye iimeko abasebenzi nokuba zezolawulo nezobugcisa kwizikolo eziziisekondari.

Uthintelo kunye nokusombulula iingxabano, evela esikolweni, zifuna indlela ekrelekrele olucingisiswe. ukungalingani kwezentlalo, iingxaki abafakwa, ubudala kunye neempawu komzimba - konke oku sithi makubekho sengqondo ekhethekileyo ukwakha isakhiwo lobudlelane phakathi kwamalungu yeendidi ezahlukeneyo kwezentlalo. Xa umongo high school kubalulekile ukwakha ubuhlobo ungquzulwano-free, kungekuphela phakathi kwabafundi, kodwa abafundi kunye nootitshala, phakathi ootitshala nabazali, kwakunye phakathi kootitshala kunye nabanye abasebenzi ziko. Ezi amacandelo ayimfuneko zenkqubo lombutho ngendlela esempilweni yobomi besikolo kunye nokuthintela ezilungileyo ungquzulwano lwentlalo kwixesha elizayo.

Ungquzulwano njengengqiqo lwentlalo

Ingxabano - niseno- iimfuno amaqela amabini okanye ngaphezulu inxaxheba omnye kubo, inkqubo zentlalo, kodwa ngenxa yesizathu esithile nododobalisa nye ekufezekisweni kweenjongo ezimiselweyo.

Ukoyisa ukungaboni ezikhokelela imeko yongquzulwano a, usoloko esikhokela inkqubela. Ukuba kwafuneka babhenele boyise nokutsala kwiindlela ngendeb 'endala, isiqalo umngcipheko mhlawumbi ukuya ngasemva, ngamanye amazwi, abanaluncedo.

Iindlela lokuthintela iingxaki ziquka ukuphikisana nesikhundla elabangela kukuvela kumaqumrhu ngokufanayo izikhundla olupheleleyo, kwakunye nexabiso labo. Ungquzulwano kubelula amaqela ukuqonda iinjongo zabo kunye ukufikelela nokufumaneka kwabo uzimisele.

Uthintelo kongquzulwano entlanganweni, usapho okanye iqela labantwana siquka ukuyazi imithombo imeko entshabalalo, uchonge mpembelelo zamandla okuqhuba ukukhokela inkqubo kwenye ingxabano izilangazelelo.

paradigms Historical ukungavumelani zentlalo

Conflict Historical ichonge paradigms ezimbini ezikhona xa kuthe yeengxaki ulwalamano - yengqondo nezentlalo.

Isizathu engqondweni ngenxa yokungafani sawo, umlinganiswa, akhuliswe sengqondo.

Social kubangela ngokufuthi bha isizathu ukungalingani kwezoqoqosho, kwakunye umbuzo yemeko.

Umnqweno ukuze ngakumbi sithuba olunentsingiselo kunye ohlawulayo esikolweni, inzuzo kwi lwabelwe iiyure zokufundisa ukuzityhala ootitshala ukuba bajongane ngokunxulumene koogxa echasa ngokwalo nabanye abathabathi-nxaxheba kwinkqubo yasekuhlaleni.

Ukuzama ukuba kuphuculwe umgangatho wazo phakathi kweengcali amanye kukwabhenelwa abantwana nxaxheba ezinokwenzeka kwi ungquzulwano.

izimpi ezinxulumene Izimo

Impixano kule iziko elinye abasebenzi kunokubangela iingxaki umdla ezinxulumene lombutho inkqubo yabasebenzi. Kwakhona kuba sisiphumo ingubani abantu ngabanye. Oku kungabangela zombini ubudlelwane ezisemthethweni sesikweni phakathi kwamalungu ngabanye abasebenzi.

Ngokupheleleyo ukuthintela ukubethabethana kwi kukunqongophala kwezibonelelo eziyimfuneko ukuze ungquzulwano-free khona akunakwenzeka, ngoko ufuna yothintelo isilumkiso nongquzulwano.

Imfuneko nokumisa impixano

Kukho iindidi ezahlukeneyo iingxabano. Abo eza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku ezinxulumene lombutho kumaziko emfundo aphakamileyo. Uthintelo kongquzulwano entlanganweni isekelwe phezu emagxeni yinkokeli iqela. Ukuze iyagcinwa kwi subordinated ekuhlaleni kwakhe, kufuneka siqonde ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu ngcono gangqa abasebenzi eziqhelekileyo, uthabathe ingqalelo ezahlukahlukeneyo yezizathu, bayakwazi ukwenza destructively kwimozulu ngokwasengqondweni kweli qela.

Ukuze ufunde ukuba kusingathwe ngendlela iimeko ntlekele, ezo impixano kufuneka ukuba ayiqonde kakuhle isenzeko. Ukuze siqonde uhlobo impixano kufuneka bafunde ukuba ikheswa indlela izihlanganisi eziyingozi - imithombo ezinokubakho olunokubangela ungquzulwano olungafunekiyo ngaphakathi kuluntu.

Ukwahlukana ngohlobo ingxabano

Zonke ungquzulwano lungahlulwa-hlulwa zibe iintlobo eziliqela.

1. Socio-engqondweni, usapho kunye nendlu, enzululwazi yeengcinga imveliso kunye ungquzulwano koqoqosho iingxabano, sisinxulumani sakhe kwezigaba ukubonakaliswa.
2. Iingxabano kwakhona ezidityanisiweyo ixesha kunye ngamandla. Iiplastiki jikelele kunye zasekuhlaleni, odangeleyo kunye anzima, oyingozi futhi slabovyrazhennymi.
3. Zahlula yi mmandla, ngamanye amazwi, ukuze nabanye, IDENTITY, zokunxibelelana nabantu kunye intrapersonal-qela.
4. Elinye iqela ibandakanya kongquzulwano bubukho yenjongosenzi ungquzulwano - ekuthiwa-lokwenene (substantive) iingxabano. Xa engekho into enjalo - ngokulandelelana, yenzeka, oko abunanjongo.
5. ezibangela kunye nemithombo imvelaphi Various yabangela ukudibanisa ibe iqela elinye kongquzulwano uhlobo njengenjongo luluvo, ungquzulwano yokuqhelaniswa nezifundo zobuqu kunye nezentlalo, kwakunye iingxaki ngokwasemoyeni, ezentlalo kunye nezoshishino.
6. Elinye iqela igxininisa orientation ngokunxibelelana kwembambano. Oku kunokuba nkqo, tye, kunye nohlobo exutyiweyo.

Inkcazo kunye yokuziqhelanisa kwakhona ungquzulwano kumda wesangqa

Iingxabano, njengokuba sisazi, ngeke babe okubi, kodwa ezintle. Iiplastiki zombini otshabalalisayo eyakhayo njengoko etshabalalisayo neyobuchule. Ezi nkalo ezintandathu zithathelwa ingqalelo xa kuhlalutywa iziphumo zentlalo. Uthintelo kongquzulwano esikolweni njengenye yeenketho lokuphendula kwiimeko ebalulekileyo phakathi abafikisayo kunye nabafundi bezikolo zaseprayimari ezidluliswa badla ukusebenzisa indlela ukuba batshintshe ungquzulwano kumda wesangqa.

Esinye isigaba - le meko kwaye kwanyanzeleka, ezizenzekelayo izicwangciso, unengqiqo yaye inkanuko, vula kunye ngakuntsonkotha. Yinto zonke iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye degree of ingozi.

Ngokutsho kokuhlaliswa somxholo kunye iindlela ungquzulwano abamelene kunye yabanye, enyibilikayo, ezingenakunyibilika yaye inxalenye emanzini.

Real (isifundo) impixano esekelwe iye yabonisa ngokucacileyo izizathu. Iinjongo zayo aphelela ubungaka- amandla kule meko ethile.

ungquzulwano awunanjongo (ngokoqobo) kubangwa bubukho efihliweyo, nenqala ababeyiqwebile neemvakalelo ezingakhiyo. Loo ungquzulwano akanayo ngokuqhelekileyo kuba injongo eyakhayo.

Beqhuba uphawu kolutsha medium

Imeko isikolo esilawulwa intrapersonal, nabanye, IDENTITY neyomntu-qela iingxabano.

Kuba inkoliso yoqobo intrarole nogonyamelwano olungathwethwisa intrapersonal kwaye inter-nxaxheba. ungquzulwano Inter-ndima kwenzeka xa umntu onyanzelwayo ukudlala iindima ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu. Amaxesha amaninzi ezi meko zibonakaliswa ngokuchasene imilinganiselo yokuziphatha.

Ukwenza imeko yongquzulwano intrapersonal yokuzikhethela kule meko zilandelayo:

• Ukukhethwa eninzi izisombululo ezizezinye. Ungquzulwano kwenzeka xa ungaqinisekanga.
• ungquzulwano Intrapersonal kwenzeka xa ukhetha ukutyeba amahlwempu, bathi, baloo ezimbi ezimbini. ukumelana lwangaphakathi - ungquzulwano intrapersonal.
• Impixano le uluvo esahlukileyo. Oku kwenzeka xa kunezixhobo iimo zengqondo akuhambisani ezahlukeneyo kulo mba.

kuvela iimbambano IDENTITY xa izimvo kunye nesidingo ngaxeshanye ukuze bathathe inxaxheba ngokubambisana ngexesha amaqela amabini okanye ngaphezulu kokuba imbono eyahlukileyo kulo mbandela. iimeko ezinjalo phantse lonke orientation kakuhle.

ungquzulwano division adweliswe ngentla Kuyinto eqhelekileyo. Ebomini, ekwimo olunyulu okanye uhlobo olunye lungenzeki. Kodwa ukuthintelwa kongquzulwano besikolo kakuhle, kufuneka ukwazi ukwahlula nokucwangcisa iimeko ezinzima ezivelayo inkqubo yonxibelelwano.

Ekubeni zimpi aseluphawu edibeneyo naluphi na unxibelelwano phakathi kweqela, ukunqanda ungquzulwano imfutshane Nokwethisa imiphumela emibi isenzeko ngasentla. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ulawulo ngobuchule impixano, ulawulo yikomiti yootitshala, kwakunye nomsebenzi kunye nabazali nga negalelo ekuphuculweni kwentsebenzo yabafundi, kwaye adale microclimate eziphilileyo kwiklasi eyahlukileyo, kunye nabasebenzi ukufundisa esikolweni xa iyonke.

Ukhuphiswano njengendlela yokusebenzisa ungquzulwano ngokuhambelana indalo

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo yothintelo impixano, umzekelo - ukhuphiswano. Umnqweno ukufezekisa iziphumo aphezulu kwisifundo nengqeqesho luhlobo stimulus lomanyano ezihlangeneyo kunye nentlonelo. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuneengxaki zako yayo. Amaqela alwayo, kumanyana elinye iqela, enqatyiswe angabikho ukhuphiswano. It igcwele ukuvela ungquzulwano phakathi qela. amandla More, ukufumana isikhundla, ukuze angavumi ukuba aqhubeke umzabalazo, kwakunye iqela siethe liyayeka ukuba Silangazelela isiphumo noloyiso. Kule meko, abasebenzi ukufundisa yolawulo lwesikolo kufuneka ube kakuhle kangangoko indlela kunokwenzeka nezinengqiqo nokukhethwa siganeko target. nxaxheba ngamnye kufuneka abe nethuba lokwenene zaphuma phambili nawuphi na umdlalo elinikiweyo.

Ukusebenza kunye nabazali njengendlela ukuphembelela imozulu esikolweni

Omnye wemisebenzi ungquzulwano kukuchonga iingxaki elide-emi, ithoba imozulu entlanganweni, oko kukuthi, eklasini, esikolweni okanye kwintsapho ethile.

Ukuthintelwa kongquzulwano ofikisayo ukuqhuba iiyure eklasini eyahlulelwe imiba zabantwana. Umsebenzi ngengqondo yesikolo kufuneka lujoliswe esweni nezengqondo yabafundi. Xa umzali-utitshala neenkomfa yexesha kufuneka anikwe kwimfundo ekhaya, ugxininise eqhelekileyo kunye uvavanyo yexesha yokuziphatha kunye nemilinganiselo yokuziphatha.

Ukusuka kwindawo esebenzayo imboniselo, iziphumo ezintle yaye iluncedo ekunokuthiwa impixano ukufezekisa ukuqonda, ukupheliswa kungqinelwano, ukuzalwa itrasti, ekomelezeni ubudlelwane nobuhlobo.

Negative (bachaze) neziphumo ungquzulwano - olu ukwanda ubumpi phakathi kweqela, uphambuke iingxaki neshukumayo iinkalo nomdla isikolo kunye nemfundo phezu kwamanye amazwe, amaxesha amaninzi baziva xa kufikwa abantwana. Ngenxa yoko - ukuvela iingxaki ezitsha, nto leyo enokuchaphazela zombini abantwana kunye nabantu abadala.

Ekubeni imisebenzi kwembambano kuchaphazela zombini kwinkalo eziphathekayo nangokomoya yaye yokuziphatha, ukuba makazazi ikhondo - ngoko ke usengozini enkulu nje ezi imiba yobomi amalungu eqela.

Yekani ingxabano iqela abantwana bangena kulo naliphi na inqanaba

Misa ingxabano ingaba nakweliphi na ibakala. I ngaphambili ingxaki kuchongwa, i encinane ukulahleka amaqela alwayo uya kubandezeleka.

ulawulo Impixano ukuba amaqela eziphikisanayo okanye wesithathu ukuba akukho othatha inxaxheba kugwayimbo, oko kukuthi, somlali cala, benza isigqibo le meko.

Uthintelo kongquzulwano kwiqela ngu:

• ukubhaqwa yeengxaki enokukucaphukisa ungquzulwano, kwaye okubonisa uphuhliso le meko;
• Nqanda ungquzulwano ngokuvuselela ezinye;
• neutralization le ngxabano.

Amanyathelo okuthintela imiphumela emibi ebangelwe kwingcinezelo efanayo amaqela aphikisayo

Uthintelo kongquzulwano kukuthintela uphuhliso imeko leyo enokukhokelela ekutshatyalalisweni yemozulu abaqhelekileyo kwi qela. Ukuthintela ukusilela kwimimiselo esekwe kakuhle nawuphi na umbutho, kubandakanywa izikolo, lo msebenzi yomlawuli. Ukuthintelwa kongquzulwano zokufundisa - ke tracking kwangethuba ezenzeka in ubuhlobo abangaphantsi, ubuchule ivele kutyhileka kweziganeko kunye nokuthintela emibi.

iindlela zokuthintela Conflict ziquka uluhlu amanyathelo. Bonke kufuneka mayilandelwe ngqo. Ngaphezu koko, ezi ndlela zokuthintela ungquzulwano kufuneka ibe leitmotif lombutho umsebenzi a awohluke ezinkulu ezintsonkothileyo ngokwasengqondweni komzimba yabo bachaphazelekayo, amashishini ezinjalo, njani na isikolo aphakamileyo.

Kuyimfuneko ukuphuhlisa ubudlelwane ubambiswano loluntu phakathi kootitshala abafundisayo ootitshala nabasebenzi abanika inkxaso zamaziko emfundo, ngokunjalo phakathi kwabafundi. Kwiinkomfa umzali-utitshala kufuneka kuqhutywe umsebenzi ecacisiweyo kwi ukuqaliswa ezingqondweni isidingo sokuba abazali ukuba benze iinzame ezibambeneyo ukuba imfundo yabantwana ngomoya collectivism kunye nomsebenzi kwezentlalo. Ukukhuthaza unyamezelwano kunye nentlonipho nabameli bezizwe non-titular - yinto nokuthintela kakuhle iingxabano interethnic. Okwangoku, le ngxaki ingakumbi sibi, kwaye kaninzi iba unobangela ungquzulwano.

Kufuneka umphathi ekwakheni ubudlelwane phakathi kweqela, kuthathelwa ingqalelo iimpawu yabantu ngabanye kunye neempawu zazo nasengqondweni. Xa kusabiwa imisebenzi kwiqela labantu kufuneka uqhoboshele ukubaluleka kokuthanda macala nangazithandiyo yabantu.

Iimfuno zoMthetho "Kwi imfundo", i-Code Labour kunye noMqulu yeziko lemfundo kufuneka ngokuthe ngqo.

Inkuthazo - kwenye nempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwi qela kunye nothintelo ungquzulwano elungileyo. Onobuchule ilifa umba otyunjiweyo unako ukunceda ngempumelelo ekuthinteleni zonke iintlobo izehlo ezingemnandi.

Kufuneka ootitshala Head yaye umsebenzi wokufundisa ukuphumeza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla yokuhlanganisa abafundi aze aphendule kuzo zonke iintlobo iingxabano. Uthintelo kongquzulwano ebuntwaneni ikakhulu luphezu kwamagxa lootitshala. Abantwana bachitha ixesha labo esikolweni. Unxibelelwano kunye nabazali babe nexesha ngaphantsi kwe kunye noontanga babo. Noko ke, le ntsapho nempembelelo enkulu phezu mood, ukusebenza kunye nomsebenzi loluntu umntwana. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ukuthintelwa kongquzulwano usapho kangangoko elithile ootitshala umsebenzi.

Ukubeka iliso systematization kwezihlanganisi eziyingozi

Uxilongo lwe impixano ijolise ingqalelo ngobunzulu ezonka. diagnosis Socio-nangokwasengqondweni ungquzulwano kukuqonda ukuba uhlobo azinampembelelo ukuziphatha kunye isenesazela umntu unokuba nayo le okanye uphuhliso iziganeko, kungakhathaliseki nokuba ngaba loo nto kuzo ezihlabanayo. Ukwanela nendlela abayibona zicacileyo le meko, amava ayinyani yaye injongo abantu ababandakanyekayo kule nkqubo, kwakunye kwingcingane kwembambano efanele yokusombulula ingxabano.

A isilinganiso esihle lokunqanda kukuhlalutya iimeko kakuhle kumaziko ezithe zenzeka kwixesha elidlulileyo kubhalwe iincwadi pedagogy nokusombulula impixano kwezentlalo, kwakunye ekufundweni yeemfazwe ngohlobo loqeqesho kunye nokuvavanywa.

Sakhiwo Conflict

Kanfliktnuyu imeko, kwafunyaniswa ukuba kusekwangoko, kulula kakhulu ukuba ayeke ngaphandle kokulinda ukuba mawenziwe sigaba sibalulekileyo. Ukuze wenze oku, ukuthatha amanyathelo athile. Okokuqala kuyimfuneko kukuchaza isakhiwo impixano, ngoko icebo sophuhliso esibanzi esiqulunqwe jikelele le meko.

isakhiwo ungquzulwano kubandakanya le miba ilandelayo: umxholo impixano, izifundo impixano, ubudlelwane phakathi kwamaqela nommandla ongqongileyo kwezentlalo lwangaphandle onesiphumo kwi zifundo.

scheme Universal iqulathe amacandelo amabini - ngomlomo kunye nokuziphatha non-ngomlomo ngamaqela wabaxelela kakuhle eli impixano, ukuba izenzo kwelinye icala, ukuba iindlela buthathaka utshaba, ukuya ukukhetha iinketho ukomeleza kwizikhundla zabo. Kubalulekile ukufumana phandle i sengqondo amaqela kangangoko sigwetyelwe injongo yabo kwaye kuthetha ukuba bakulungele ukwambatha ukuphunyezwa yalo. A indima ekhethekileyo kufuneka inikwe izenzo ejoliswe nokudalwa nomfanekiso walo kunye nomfanekiso yotshaba.

Kubalulekile ukuchaza le njongo zongquzulwano. Ecacisiweyo kwaziswa-nxaxheba eziphumo zokuphela kwembambano, oko kukuthi, oko kuya kukhokelela kuphuhliso meko, kwezinye iimeko, iba isiphelo kunye ungquzulwano ngokwayo.

Ukuba le ngxaki ayilungiseki sihlaziywe, kufuneka kuviwa ngokweenkcukacha ungquzulwano kuzo zonke iindawo. amanyathelo ngexesha elifanelekileyo ethathiwe ngokuphathelene ingxaki efanayo luthintelo kuphela ezi, kodwa ezinye iingxaki ezininzi.

Sebenza kwi ekudalweni imozulu eziphilileyo nawuphi na umbutho, kubandakanywa esikolweni, kwakunye ukuthintelwa kongquzulwano kwinkqubo karhulumente, abathathi-nxaxheba kufuneka wenziwe rhoqo.

Njengoko isikolo, isakhiwo ubuntu kumaziko emfundo yabantwana kunye nemisebenzi zentlalo eyabelwe yona yi eluntwini, kufuna indlela ingakumbi ngenyameko kwaye approach ukuthintelwa kongquzulwano ukho kule sakhiwo.