Social kaDarwin. features ithiyori

KaDarwin Social, njengoko indlela kwasekwa ngenkulungwane ye-19. Iinkqubo wabaseki imfundiso ziye zaba negalelo elikhulu bexesha lakhe. Ngokwendalo, kanye umthetho Darwin, njengoko enkulu-isikali isiganeko lwezenzululwazi, ayikwazanga kodwa kuchaphazela ithambeka ulwazi loluntu. ENgilani, ngendlela isicelo zimfundiso ubomi benene, kunye Spencer Bagehot. Okokugqibela, njengoko intatheli, yezoqoqosho, ndazama ekufundeni ziinkqubo ekuhlaleni ukusebenzisa imimiselo esisekelwe phezu kwazo esi ulwalathiso umbuzo yakhiwa. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 iingcamango Spencer zaye yayingeyonxalenye yi amanani phambili ka Giddings and Ward.

Social kaDarwin. concepts key

Kuba bonke social science ngenkulungwane ye-19, yaye ngokukodwa isiqingatha sayo sesibini, ibe linani lamanqaku ephambili. Ezi amagama ezingundoqo wabalaselisa uDarwin ngokwakhe. Ithiyori, eyalandela izazinzulu emva kokuba yaba uhlobo lo wesiqhelo, nto leyo wayofika kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo yokucinga lwentlalo. Ezi nezimaphambili ezingundoqo baye baba "ukhetho zendalo", "ixoxo nexoxo liyazigxumela", "kumzabalazo khona". Kulo mba, kaDarwin zentlalo wenza kungekuphela nje ngendlela ethile. Udidi ezendeleyo imfundiso waqalisa ukusetyenziswa kwezo ndawo yolwazi ekuqaleni baba kuye uxabene eziliqela. Umzekelo, Durkheim isicelo kwezinye ebandakanywe kaDarwin ekuhlaleni. Nangona antireductionism yakhe kunokuba ezinkulu ekufundeni ngezenzeko zentlalo, kwakunye nogxininiso ekuveliseni ukubaluleka yamanyama, wabona ukwahlulwa kumsebenzi yoluntu uhlobo ngandlel olumanzi somzabalazo ethile yobukho.

Social kaDarwin kwi kwenkulungwane ye-19

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, ingcamango "ukhetho zendalo" waya phesheya kwinkalo yenzululwazi kwaye babe kakhulu zithandwa kwezoshishino, ubuntatheli, lokuqonda abaninzi, intsomi. Abameli, umzekelo, i-elite kwezoqoqosho, ababawa zoshishino, ngokusekelwe ingcamango yendaleko, bagqiba ukuba abathe lucky nje abanamakhono, kodwa ingqalelo abe ngumfuziselo obubonakalayo uloyiso kumzabalazo sobukho kwi lentsimi yayo ethile. Ngokunxulumene nale impazamo, ngokutsho abaphandi, ukuqwalasela imfundiso kaDarwin zentlalo, kususela kuphela kwiziphumo kwiinkalo zebhayoloji kubo phambili elula. Kokuba kuchazwe njengoko ulwalathiso kuzisa imithetho zophuhliso lwentlalo kwimigaqo zemvelo zazivelela. Social kaDarwin, ingakumbi, ngokubhekisele umzabalazo ukusinda njengomba lubalulekileyo ebomini. Ngelo xesha linye ekuqaleni izazinzulu non-zebhayoloji ziveza ukuba, ngandlel 'ithile actualized kwaye esivakalayo ingcamango kwezentlalo omdala ushukuxwa. Kuzo zonke imiqondiso indlela ethathelwa ingqalelo kucingelwa ukuba yenye yezona ingqalelo ephambili kubomi uhlobo kwibala apho umzabalazo ngokubanzi kunye ngokuqhubekayo, ungquzulwano, ukungqubana phakathi kwabantu, imibutho, amaqela, amasiko, amaziko, iintlobo zenkcubeko nezentlalo.