Sergey Salle revolution wakhe kwisayensi

Ngaphezu kukhulise inzululwazi yanamhlanje kwekhulu, kwaye ngamnye selithe lathamba isebe ugcina iimfihlakalo zayo iimfihlelo. Asinto yonke Inzululwazi ukulungele ukuthetha ngqo malunga iingcamango zabo neenkolelo. Ukuba cinga ngokunzulu oliqhophololo ukuba zisithele emehlweni umntu eziqhelekileyo esitratweni efihliwe, luyakhula ezininzi izibakala kunye neenkcukacha, yaye ngamanye amaxesha kwisigaba lwezenzululwazi ezifanayo ngakumbi kwisiqwenga yolwaphulo action movie ngaphezu kobomi benene. Kodwa kukho abantu ehlabathini namhlanje, ukulungele ukuchaza ngqo ezithile ezingangqinelaniyo kwimbali kunye nenzululwazi, ngaphandle yokoyika ukugxekwa kunye kugwetywa. Sall Sergei Albertovich - linjalo igama lakhe. Ngexesha umsebenzi wakhe lwenzululwazi, wafumana akukho inaccuracy omnye ngenkalipho wabhengezwa kubo, atyhafe yi ubunzima.

Sergey Salle: Biography

Ulwazi malunga nalo mntu abambalwa kakhulu. Sergey Salle i uprofesa, umgqatswa of physical sciences zemathematika. Waye wayefundiswa LETI, emva koko wangena umfundi post-graduate kwi GOI waza wafunda kwi-St Petersburg State University ubugqirha. Phakathi amakhono akhe - "Physical Electronics" yaye "Optics".

Iminyaka engaphezu 16 ebefundisa xa umncedisi yokuba ngaxeshanye uSihlalo St Petersburg RFO. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba kwiminyaka emibini Sall Sergei Albertovich yaba uMbutho uNobhala Physical.

umsebenzi

akhawunti Sergei Albertovich na ingxelo enye kwezinto ezintsha yakudala, ngokwasemzimbeni kunye neelwimi. Kodwa umsebenzi wakhe ayiphelelanga, ISAZINZULU ichukumisa kwiindawo ezininzi kwisigaba zenzululwazi. Yena wayexakekile gqolo ukuqokelela izinto kunye ezifunyaniswe inzululwazi yanamhlanje ayisazi, kodwa izazinzulu ezininzi ukuqinisekisa ukunyaniseka kwedatha. Sinokuthi Sergei Salle Ukuphila kwakhe ukuvezwa iimfihlakalo kunye iimfihlelo nenzululwazi mihla kunye noluntu inkcazelo rasta. Omnye umsebenzi sisazinzulu umsebenzi ngenyameko okuhlalutya malunga ngcamango physics ukuba mhlawumbi Awukwazi ukuchaza ngokupheleleyo le nto okanye loo meko, okanye musa ukubonisa yonke umfanekiso okwenzekayo.

ubhedu zesayensi

Ngokutsho izazinzulu, abaninzi ophathekayo, yavulwa ngokusesikweni kweli khulu lokugqibela leminyaka, enyanisweni, ziye zahlolwa kakhulu ngaphambili. Ukholelwa ukuba uninzi i data evela eluntwini ifihlwa ngokucacileyo: babatshabalalisa, ongekho iincwadi zezifundo kunye nezinye iincwadi. Oko ukwenza njani kombuso yokwenene ofihlakeleyo, leyo sehlile isayensi eyadlulayo. Sergey Sall ukholelwa ukuba indima ebaluleke kakhulu kokuhamba ngetshova-nkqubo wangaphambili kwinzululwazi wayedlala theory Einstein kaThixo kwezinto. Emva kokuvela phambi kwithiyori kaEtere ungahamba ngenye inzululwazi mihla kakhulu, kodwa makongezelwe elinye ixesha pigeonholed, ayiyi ukhumbula phambi kokuphela yoma zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Kuphela ke oko yaqala ukuba nesimo Doctor ka-Technical Sciences V. Atsukovsky.

Okwangoku, izazinzulu ezininzi onawo ulwazi lwabo eluncedo malunga amacandelo ezahlukeneyo zenzululwazi, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu okanye omnye awukwazi ukuyisebenzisa kwabo kuphuhliso ihlabathi. Ngethiyori, ezo abandayo okanye iteknoloji torsion inokuba nakowuphi na umntu kakuhle. Ngokutsho Sergei Salle, ngaphandle zamandla amafutha ayikwazanga kuvulwa wazibeka ebomini bethu kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo.

Unknown kwasungulwa lamaqhinga

Ngokutsho Sergei Salle, iincwadi ezininzi malunga emoyeni, kubhaliwe 18-19 kwiinkulungwane th, izaliswe ngolwazi mihla. Ke zonke ezi nkcukacha atyeshelwa indalo esemthethweni, yaye ngenxa yoko kwafuneka nafuthe ekuphuhliseni uluntu kunye noshishino ngokubanzi. Sergey Albertovich Salle, ogama engobomi kuhlangene ukuba imiba Uloqonda uhlawula ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwithiyori abazalwana Bernoulli. Sithetha imfunxa omtsha ikuvumela ukuba bagcine indlela amaza ezinqamlezayo nga basasaze kwi medium sukube. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba abazalwana abalandeli aphakathi zesayensi kanye zezibalo, kodwa ke le misebenzi Balibele kwaye kuthathelwa ngqalelo.

Oku kusebenza kwithiyori kwezinto. Isibakala sokuba E = mc ^2, eyaziwa ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-19, xa isifundo lwenziwa Ester esebenzayo. Iincwadi theory kwavela 1872, kwaye ifomula wazisa yamachiza Russian uNikolay Umov, kodwa xa mbuso ngaphezulu, lo ifomula isusiwe zonke izixhobo zosasazo ezifumanekayo. Ngelo xesha Sergey Salle kwakhona ubona revolution ngokwenene kwimbali yaye wayekholelwa ukuba ubhaliswe isenzo, ubuyiselwe umva uphuhliso impucuko kangangenkulungwane.

Ithiyori kaEtere ngenxa izazinzulu ezininzi ukususela ekuqaleni 70 Masiqalise lokuvusa. Buyela kwi yee-, ehlabathini kwakukho incwadi ebizwa ngokuba 'etherodynamics Iyonke ". Le yabhalwa yamachiza odumileyo J. Atsyukovsky.

Isiseko ukufihla yesayensi

Efihla bubungqina benzululwazi asinto intsha impucuko yethu. Ngokomzekelo, kumaxesha amandulo, ulwazi kwakufuneka ababingeleli kuphela abenzi bamachiza. Nokuba xa ixesha iincwadi yoshicilelo, lwazi usazama ukufihla esiphezulu. Umzekelo, Newton a lot of amava abo ezinxulumene alchemy, wamfihla. Into yokuba kukho ubudlelwane rhoqo phakathi iingqiqo ezifana nolwazi emfihlekweni kunye nenzululwazi, Sergei Salle bazithembe yaye ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngelithi oku kwiincwadi zakhe.

Esona sizathu siphambili sokuba ekufihleni iinkcukacha zenzululwazi ziye zaba iimfuno izakhiwo zomkhosi nezorhwebo. Wonke inzululwazi kumelana kucalulo lolwazi, ngoxa kwingxowa yakhe ukuze bangene izahlulo eyongezelelweyo evela kurhulumente, ngoko ukuthetha, ngokuba cwaka yakhe. Lonke ixesha declassified amava uphando kwinzululwazi nobugcisa ngoko mpumelelo kwenzeka. Ithi Sergey Salle, ogama engobomi edibene search nokudandalazisa eemfihlelo yenzululwazi. Umzekelo, impumelelo enjalo malunga yokwazisa kunye namandla hydrogen, iinkcukacha ezininzi ebezivulwe kutshanje. Ngokutsho Sergei Salle, imbali yokwenene isintu bakhwelela kude phambili, ukuba zonke izinto ezifunyaniswe hayi iyatyeshelwa, okanye ngabom Cazulula.

Commerce and Science

Ukuba aveze iimfihlo zorhwebo, kukho kusenzokwenzeka ukuba ulawulo emke ubomi abemi abaqhelekileyo. Ngaloo ndlela, uya kwandisa nokuphuhlisa kwimarike, yaye iimpahla kwi-counter uya kwandisa ukungafani yayo. Ngokutsho Sall Sergei Albertovich, engobomi kunye anemisebenzi linxibelelene kakhulu iimfihlelo inzululwazi, ukuba sisazinzulu ngokwakhe ifihla inkcazelo iminikelo yakhe, yena ngokwakhe efuna ukuba inzululwazi kufutshane kungekho kukhula. Avale phezulu ngunomji, kuphuhliso kwiindawo engamampunge okanye eyingozi. Ngenxa yoko kukho ukusetyenziswa eliphezulu lokuSetyenziswa kwaMandla oLuntu kunye nezibonelelo zemali eyethisa. Ngokomzekelo, ISAZINZULU wakhokela yokuzifihla okanye ukuguqula ulwazi, ezo zifunyenwe ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane lokugqibela. Imbali ibonisa ukuba oku kuye kwakhokelela utshintsho olukhulu kwinzululwazi physics. Enye imiba echatshazelwe zezi maqhinga, wathi Sergei Salle ngaphandle technology amafutha.

Ukuqala a revolution kwinzululwazi

Kukholelwa ukuba ekuqaleni kwe revolution kwimbali inzululwazi, waqala incwadi ngo-1905. Naso xa waxelela abezindaba ufaka Ukukhanya imfundiso ka leyo. Kungekudala lonke ihlabathi liya watsalela ingqalelo kule nzulu. Ngenxa obo buvuvu enamandla kunye nokusebenziseka beengcamango bakhe, physics weza ngokupheleleyo ukuya kwinqanaba entsha, wayeka ngokupheleleyo ukunikela ingqalelo imisebenzi ngaphambili. Xa novalo zenkulungwane lokugqibela, le isayensi phantse ukusekwa.

Emva koko, iziseko physics omtsha urhulumente wagqiba ukuba ndinimisele kangangexesha elingenammiselo. Ngoku ke msebenzi uphambili ababhali zezifundo sele Yeremiya kubo. Xa kwakukho Ukumiselwa le mbono ekhethekile ka, imisebenzi zonke izazinzulu enkulu, indlela apho i hydrodynamics kaEtere, bayalityalwa kwaye elinye ixesha pigeonholed. Sergey Salle, ulwazi ofihlakeleyo eziquka ulwazi malunga nayo, ngelo xesha ezininzi izibakala kuba nzima ndiyaqikelela. Ngokumangalisayo zonakaliswa zibalo Maxwell kaThixo, imithetho Newton kaThixo , yaye ngakumbi. Uninzi zesayensi mihla ngoku kuphela ukuba ngokugqwetha ulwazi, kuba intsingiselo ebonakalayo iye igqwetheka.

revolution Quantum-relativistic

Ngenxa yazo zonke ezi falsifications kunye inshorensi-ups kwabakho revolution ngokwenene. Kukholelwa ukuba inzululwazi mihla isekelwe phezu iingqiqo quantum, oko kukuthi, konke oko kuxhomekeke kwemithetho yemvelo isantya kunye amasuntswana.

Kodwa nayiphi na ingcali uyazi ukuba ubuchwephetshe quantum akayi kungena ukudibana kunye yamandulo. rhoqo kakhulu zezifundo ingafunyanwa kwi imigqaliselo le ukungangqinelani de incorrigible. Nkqu ezinye inzululwazi yanamhlanje lenxaki imizekelo koko ngokupheleleyo, livela ngaphambili.

Ukutshintsha ifomula

Two yamachiza British - D. fitzgerald kunye Heaviside - waba eksperimenti kakhulu 1883, bazama endaweni epheleleyo yezabelo nanonelela umehluko zibalo ka Maxwell malunga ezihamba. Yomzamo ithe cwaka, ngenxa yokuba lo mzuzu namnye yamachiza yanamhlanje ayithethi ukuba okubhalwe quadratic yokuqala. Oku kungenxa yokuba yonke ingcaciso ngalo mbandela isusiwe ngokupheleleyo, kungekuphela nje kwiincwadi ukuba Ukumiselwa kwengcamango kwezinto, kodwa ukusuka kwenkcazelo yembali. Isizathu sokuba esi sigqibo yaba mzuzu ebalulekileyo kakhulu: ezi zibalo ngokwabo zazingqubana kwithiyori kwezinto, njengoko invariant.

Ukwandisa ifomula amathuba

Lula iifomyula kunokwenzeka ukuba bandise iingxaki ingasombululwa zezi zibalo. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba neze ezifanelekileyo umoya ohambayo, njengoko musa ezisekelwe kuyo. Ngamanye amazwi, quadratic ashukimisayo mihla ezifanelekileyo kuphela kaEtere kwindawo ongazukuphazanyiswa kuyo. Le ngxaki saziso Heaviside, ngoko wazama ukuqinisekisa ezi zibalo kwi emoyeni uhambisa, yaye emva koko waba nako ukuzisa zonke wobudlelwane. Kodwa umhlaba wabo uya kubona igama elahlukileyo, njengoko babeza balibhuqe ukubonakala umfanekiso opheleleyo nokudalwa TO. zesayensi abaninzi baye iliso utshintsho kwezenzululwazi, yaye akukho namnye waphawula ukuba yephule uMthetho yesiThathu Newton kaThixo.

Ithiyori ka asiyiyo inxalenye physics

Ukuntsonkotha meko kukuba ngemihla yamandulo, zezinto ezininzi wasebenza ngokwahlukeneyo. I-Einstein efanayo wayengazi nto ngalo umsebenzi yaseBritani, ngenxa nje yokuba andazi IsiNgesi. Ngamanye amazwi, lonke ulwazi lwakhe kususelwe zezifundo German kwaye isiFrentshi, yaye ufumana nezinye zesayensi nje azithathelwa ngqalelo. Lorenz - omnye izazinzulu ngokusekelwe umsebenzi Einstein kwakuthe ithiyori, eqhelene kunye iinkcukacha eziyimfuneko. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba iimbalo ingqondo, kwaye logic nto ibalulekileyo kuye, akazange ukwamkela inkcazo Maxwell kaThixo ingqalelo yaye akazange ayikhankanye kubo imisebenzi yakhe. yonke Ingongoma kukuba UMaxwell wayethanda ukusebenzisa isivumelwano entsonkothileyo hydromechanical, kwaye oku kuye nokugxekwa.
Noko ke, abaninzi bagxeka zemvelo Einstein, kuba wayesebenzisa postulates ezimbini kuphela neefomula, yaye oku Akwanelanga ukuba isebenza. Le Isazinzulu akazange afumane nto ukuba lirhoxe postulates ezimbini. Wazama ukunceda abanye izazinzulu, kodwa miphumela azichanekanga kwicala zemathematika. Ngoko ke, singatsho ukuba imfundiso ka akuyi kuba yinxalenye physics apho unako.

Ezingachanekanga kwi Maxwell equation

Apha kuyimfuneko ukucacisa ukuba inguqulelo mihla kwifomula inikwe izinga olungenasiphelo yentsebenziswano le umazibuthe kunye pendant. Oku kuthetha ukuba Coulomb amandla Imagnethi yomhlaba kunye ukuhamba ngapha isithuba ngokukhawuleza ngaphezu amaza. Ngenxa kwizibalo Maxwell, ezi imikhosi ukuphuhlisa isantya ukukhanya cleaner. Oko kukuthi, ukuba wave esiphakathi. Kodwa kuyimfuneko ukuthatha ingqalelo yokuba isithuba yomtshangatshangiso kunye nomoya nje engekho alingana. Ukuba uchaze ngendlela elula, yonke, ezi imikhosi iza ehamba ngesantya ukukhanya kwimeko-bume, bona kakhulu kugqithisela. Kodwa theory Einstein sithi ukuba isivamvo sokukhanya - umda. Akwenzeki ukuba nembono kwizibalo physics bamandulo imifuniselo kuqhutywa. Ngamanye amazwi, zonke iingcamango mihla indawo, ixesha, iziganeko, njalo njalo - yinto nje njengephupha, nto leyo engahambelaniyo nemithetho physics yamandulo.