SanPiN: kweentsholongwane kwaye nzala kweemveliso zonyango

ERashiya, onke amaziko uyayithatha inxaxheba zonyango kuya kunyanzeleka ukuba asebenze ngokuvisisana nemilinganiselo ezingqongqo, phakathi apho indawo ebalulekileyo ithatha kweentsholongwane efanelekileyo kunye nzala bezixhobo zonyango.

Kutheni zingqinelana nomgangatho

Namhlanje, abantu abaninzi, nokuba kude amadoda iyeza asayine igama ezifana usuleleko nosocomial. Oku kuquka nasiphi na isifo ukuba uyagula okanye ngenxa abanaluncedo yayo kwiziko lonyango, okanye abasebenzi umbutho ekwenzeni imisebenzi yabo. Ngokutsho manani, kwizibhedlele utyando umgangatho iingxaki ezithintela ukosuleleka emva komsebenzi, umnatha 12-16% kwi iingxaki yamanina emva imisebenzi kwenzeka 11-14% yabafazi. Emva kokuhlolisisa isakhiwo okugula kwacaca ukuba i-7 ukuya kwi-14% of neemveku gciwane izibhedlele kunye neewadi yabantwana.

Kakade ke, indlela enjalo ibonakala kungekhona onke amaziko ezonyango kunye yolwaphulo kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi ezifana uhlobo yeziko, uhlobo uncedo, ubunzulu iindlela ekudluliseni usulelo nosocomial, isakhiwo sayo. Kolu lwazi, enye yeendlela eziphambili ukunqanda ukuvela nangokusulela losulelo nosocomial ezingezo-ngqo lo kweentsholongwane kwaye nzala bezixhobo zonyango.

amaxwebhu zokulawula

Xa umsebenzi wayo, onke amaziko ezempilo zikhokelwa nezindululo kumGaqo kwimigaqo ezininzi. Uxwebhu basic yi SanPin (kweentsholongwane kwaye kokuvala iimveliso zonyango kulo kwicandelo eyahlukileyo). Latest uhlaziyo savunywa ngo-2010. Inika kwakhona ukusebenza izibonelelo zonyango ziquka mimiselo ilandelayo.

1. inombolo Umthetho 52, nto leyo njengomda ukhuseleko sendyikitya yabemi.
2. Order № 408 (hepatitis wentsholongwane egazini) of 12.07.1984.
3. ngenombolo 720 (ukulwa usulelo nosocomial).
4. Qinisa evela 03.09.1999, i (uphuhliso kweentsholongwane).

Ost "nzala kunye kweentsholongwane bezixhobo zonyango» № 42-21-2-85 nayo enye amaxwebhu engundoqo elawula nokuqwalaselwa izixhobo ezisemgangathweni. Ukuba sikhokelwa zonke izibhedlele.

Ukongeza, kukho inani elikhulu izikhokelo (MU), kweentsholongwane kunye nzala bezixhobo zonyango apho ulijonga ngokwembono izibulali ezahlukeneyo eligunyazisiweyo ukulungiselela le njongo. Namhlanje, ngenxa yokuba abaninzi ezivunyiweyo ngokusemthethweni yi amanga. kuthetha izikhokelo ezifanelekileyo nawo yinxalenye yamaxwebhu apho umsebenzi kumaziko ezempilo sisephantsi kolwakhiwo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, esi sixhobo processing umgangatho iqulathe izigaba ezithathu ezilandelelanayo - kwamagciwane, uJ kunye nzala bezixhobo zonyango.

kwamagciwane

Kweentsholongwane kuthiwa iseti amanyathelo ngenxa apho kwamagciwane bayazonakalisa ngazo izinto bume. Ezi ziquka umphezulu (iindonga, imigangatho, iifestile, ifenitshala nzima, izixhobo umphezulu), iimveliso zempilo (ilinen emhlophe, tableware, izixhobo sanitary), kwakunye neencindi zomzimba, bodwa lwezigulane njalo-njalo. D.

Ekuchongeni umthombo losulelo lwenziwa isiganeko, ebizwa ngokuba "kweentsholongwane focal." Injongo yalo kutshabalalisa kwamagciwane ngqo kutyhilwa maziko. Ezi ndidi zilandelayo kweentsholongwane focal:

• ngoku - ukuba yenziwa ezibhedlele ukuze ukuthintela ukosuleleka;
• sokugqibela - emva umthombo usulelo uyazimela, oko kukuthi umntu ogulayo walaliswa esibhedlele.

Ukongeza, kukho kweentsholongwane lokuthintela. imisebenzi yayo yenziwa rhoqo, nokuba umthombo usulelo. Ziquka ukuhlamba izandla, ukucocwa imiphezulu ezingqongileyo usebenzisa arhente ukuba kudla bactericidal.

iindlela kwamagciwane

Kuxhomekeka njongo zilandelayo iindlela kweentsholongwane zisetyenziswa:

• Mechanical: Oku kuquka isenzo ngqo zomatshini ngalo mbandela - ukucoca manzi, evunyelwe okanye kokubhutyuza phandle zokulala - ayithethi ukuwubulala wona adala, kodwa ukunciphisa inani okwexeshana kuphela;
• Physical: exposure yelanga, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu okanye asezantsi - kule meko intshabalalo bekunjalo ikwazi lobushushu nokuqhelana kwexesha;
• Chemistry: Ukutshatyalaliswa ezincinane yayintsholongwane eyosulela ngamachiza - ediphini, ucoca okanye umxube into zokunkcenkceshela yemichiza (indlela eziqheleke kakhulu ngempumelelo);
• eziphilayo - kule meko ngokusetyenziswa ochasene le silwanyana efunekayo ukuze atshabalalise (ubukhulu becala kusetyenziswa kwizikhululo bacteriological ezizodwa);
• Ludityanisiwe - ngokudibanisa iindlela ezininzi kweentsholongwane.

Ost "nzala kunye kweentsholongwane bezixhobo zonyango" 42-21-2-85 amabango wabadluli inkqubo kweentsholongwane kufuneka zonke izinto kunye nezixhobo apho isigulane iye qha. Kumaziko ononophelo lwempilo ukuba ukusetyenziswa komzimba okanye imichiza indlela kweentsholongwane. Lwakugqitywa wayo, imveliso, ngokuxhomekeke kuyo yabo, .Luqhubekekisiwe ngakumbi, irisayikilishwe okanye isetyenziswe kwakhona.

pre-inzalo ukucocwa

Kweentsholongwane kwaye inzalo kwezixhobo zonyango izixhobo eminzinzi zicocwe inika nokuba kwaye pre-ukucoca, nto leyo kwenzeka emva kokuba imveliso magciwane. Injongo yale nyathelo nokususwa yokugqibela ngomatshini iintsalela yamanqatha kunye ezingcolisa iiproteins kunye pharmaceuticals.

New SanPiN, kweentsholongwane kwaye nzala kweemveliso zonyango egqalwa ngokweenkcukacha, ubonelela zigaba zilandelayo PSO.

1. Phakathi imizuzu 0.5 imveliso ahlambe ngaphantsi kwamanzi aphilileyo ukususa isisombululo zintsholongwane intsalela.
2. Kulo ahlambe utywala, ukuba imveliso leyo arhente kuphela evunyiweyo isetyenziswa, iimveliso tixi kunye ngokuntywiliselwa ngokupheleleyo. Xa kunjalo, ukuba luqulathe iinxalenye eziliqela imveliso kufuneka iyakuvalwa ngokupheleleyo, uqinisekise ukuba lonke nemingxuma bazaliswa nesisombululo. Ukuba sesichengeni ukuhlanza isisombululo ubushushu 50º yimizuzu eli-15.
3. Emva kwexesha imveliso ngasinye nge iziphika okanye igozi tampon for yokuhlamba minute 0.5 kwi isisombululo esifanayo.
4. Running iimveliso siwabeka amanzi. Ubude siwabeka ixhomekeke kwi-arhente ezisetyenziswayo ( "Astra", "Lotus" - Imizuzu 10 "Inkqubela" - 5 "Biolot" - 3).
5. Ngamanzi emanzini Yek imizuzwana 30.
6. Womise kule eziontini air yokomisa eshushu.

Ukulungiselela isicombululo zokucoca esetyenziswayo 5 g CMC ( "Inkqubela", "Astra", "Lotus", "Biolot"), perhydrol-33% - 16 g, okanye 27.5% - 17 Kwakhona ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-6% (85 g ) no-3% (170 g) hydrogen peroxide, amanzi aselwayo - kwilitha 1.

izixhobo Modern esetyenziselwa kwamagciwane, ivumela ukuba ukudibanisa iinkqubo kweentsholongwane kwaye PCP. Kulo mzekelo, emva kokudibana ngqo amanga. isisombululo ebanjwe izixhobo ershevanie kunye - zonke izigaba koko uJ.

nolawulo lomgangatho

JV, kwamagciwane kunye nzala bezixhobo zonyango ukuba ipeyintwe ngokoqobo inyathelo ngenyathelo, sinikele ingqalelo kakhulu ulawulo lomgangatho kwisigaba ngasinye processing. Ukuze wenze oku, waqhuba ulawulo isampulu xa kungekho imveliso igazi ngayo, kunye nezinye iikhompawundi proteinaceous kwakunye nomgangatho wokuhlamba izitya. Control ufakwa elinye ekhulwini izixhobo ngayo.

ਫ਼ੂਜਿੰਗ inkqubo trial ukuvavanya ubungakanani kakuhle iimveliso isepha ziye zalungiswa, apho ziye zasetyenziswa xa presterilizing ukucoca. Ukusebenza zayo swab olusetyenziswa inani elincinane ugqibile-1% solution ਫ਼ੂਜਿੰਗ inkqubo, uze sula iimveliso ofuna uvavanyo. Ukuba kukho kombala pink, umgangatho kokuhlamba iisepha athathwa ayonelanga.

Kweentsholongwane kwaye inzalo bezixhobo zonyango zifuna iliso kuzo zonke izigaba, kwakunye enye isampuli, nto leyo evumela ukuba ukuhlola amanyathelo okuqala ziye yenziwa njani kakuhle phandle - it azopiramovaya isampulu. Sihlola ubukho okanye ukungabikho igazi intsalela phezu kwabo, kunye neziyobisi. Kuba ekuqhubeni isisombululo zalo ezifunekayo azopirama apho iphekwe ngayo ugcinwe iinyanga 2 kwifriji (bushushu, eli xesha bufinyeziwe nenyanga enye). A clouding le reagent engekho yodaka aluchaphazeli ubulunga bayo.

Kuba isampuli nje phambi yokuphumeza azopirama inani elifanayo no-3% iperoksayidi yehidrojeni baba ephikisanayo kunye isicelo ukuvavanya ibala igazi. Imbonakalo ozuba umbala ibonisa ukuba umsebenzi reagent - ungaqala uvavanyo. Kule kwasala ogalelwe reagent zilungisiwe yaye kuzisula phezu izixhobo kunye nezixhobo. Iimveliso ukuba amajelo ezibuhlazarha, amathontsi ambalwa reagent ibekwe ngaphakathi kwaye ekupheleni lomzuzu 1, ukuvavanya iziphumo, benikela ingqalelo ekhethekileyo amalungu. Xa kuthe kwabakho umbala ozuba, ngokuthe ngcembe ajike abe umbala pink-Lilac, ukuqinisekisa ubukho igazi. umbala sinombala ibonisa ubukho namhlwa nemfusa - izinto ikhlorini.

Kuba uvandlakanyo lweziphumo azopiramovoy isampuli kufuneka athathe ingqalelo izinto ezininzi:

• isampuli ithathwa HIV kuphela xa kukho luyawudyobha ngexesha ngcaciso yokuqala emva kokuba isicelo reagent;
• isisombululo ukusebenza zingasetyenziswa kuphela kwiiyure ezimbini zokuqala emva kokupheka;
• Iimveliso kufuneka bushushu (kumphezulu eshushu isampuli ngeke sokwaziswa);
• kungakhathaliseki ukuba iziphumo imveliso kwi apho isampuli zohlanjwa ngamanzi kwaye kwakhona phantsi zokuhlanjululwa kwenziwa predsteriztsionnoy.

Kwimeko iziphumo ezihle emva kokuba iisampuli yonke ibhetshi kwakhona phantsi yoko elibi.

inzalo

Nzala linyathelo lokugqibela ekusetyenzweni ezo iimveliso ke Ngokudibana nomgangatho ukuphalusa isifo okanye igazi, ngokunjalo amalungiselelo injectable. Ngenxa yoko kukho ukutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo zonke iintlobo Cya, zombini kwezityalo kunye ibihlungu. Siphethe zonke zazo ngaloo kulawulwa iinkcukacha olo xwebhu olumisiweyo moh, njengoko umyalelo. Nzala kunye kwamagciwane bezixhobo zonyango yenziwe ngokungqinelana nkcukacha ze ukusekwa zonyango, nenjongo yabo. iimveliso iintsholongwane Agcina, kuxhomekeke phakheji iinyanga ngayo imihla ezintandathu.

iindlela inzalo

Iindlela for kweentsholongwane kwaye nzala bezixhobo zonyango zahluke kancinane omnye komnye. Nzala ikhutshwa phandle ezi ndlela zilandelayo:

• thermal - emoyeni, umphunga, glasperlenovy;
• chemical - igesi okanye izisombululo zemichiza;
• plasma okanye ozone;
• radiation.

Kumaziko zempilo ngokuqhelekileyo umphunga, umoya, okanye iindlela imichiza. Ngaloo njengesakhi esibalulekileyo senkqubo lokuhluza kukuba kugcinwe ngenyameko kweemeko ezithile (ixesha, ubushushu, uxinzelelo). Mode magciwane kunye nzala bezixhobo zonyango ikhethiwe ngokuxhomekeke ezibonakalayo workpiece lwenziwe kuyo.

indlela umoya

Ngaloo iintsholongwane izixhobo zonyango, izixhobo kunye iinxalenye izixhobo ezenziwe ngentsimbi, iglasi kunye abicah irabha. Phambi kokuba umjikelo nzala le mveliso kufuneka ngocoselelo womile.

Ukuphambuka iphezulu ukususela ubushushu kule ndlela nzala akufuneki lidlule 3 ° C.

indlela umphunga

indlela umphunga yileyo isetyenziswa kude kakhulu ngokubanzi, ngenxa umjikelo elifutshane, ithuba ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngamanqaku ezenziwe ubushushu izinto ezibuthathaka (amalaphu, sutures kwaye igu- zokubopha, iimveliso irabha, iplastiki, latex). Inzalo kule ndlela kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa umphunga ekhutshwe phantsi overpressure. Oku kwenzeka endaweni sterilizer ngomphunga okanye esisodwa.

Yokwahluka zeenkqubo koxinzelelo anokuvunyelwa 2 kg / m² kunye lobushushu - 1-2 °.

Glasperlenovaya inzalo

amaziko onyango inkxaso yobugcisa kwiminyaka yakutshanje kuye kwaphucuka kakhulu kwaye oku eziqwalaselwe SP yokugqibela (kweentsholongwane kwaye nzala bezixhobo zonyango). New indlela inzalo, nto leyo eye isetyenziswe ngokubanzi ezibhedlele - oko glasperlenovaya nzala. Oku badl isixhobo eshushu eliphakathi ukuya 190 - 330 amaso iglasi °. Inkqubo inzalo kuthatha imizuzu, kwaye emva kokuba isixhobo ilungele ukusetyenziswa. Icala elisezantsi le ndlela kukuba ukukhusela izixhobo ezincinane kuphela, ngoko ke isetyenziswa kakhulu ofisi amazinyo.

Kwamagciwane, ukucocwa, nzala kwezixhobo zonyango izinto eziyimfuneko kwizibonelelo zokhathalelo lwempilo mihla. Kwi yonke imisebenzi ziya kwenziwa ngokunjalo, ezo zikokosiweyo kumGaqo-nemimiselo evunyiweyo yi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezeMpilo, iya kuxhomekeka kwimpilo zombini kwizigulane kunye nabasebenzi bezonyango.