Amagwebu phambi: inkcazelo, ngezigaba, ufakelo

Iirhafu ukufudumeza lwezindlu olukhulayo rhoqo, kwaye kulo mba, abantu baqalisa ukucinga malunga namathuba okonga umbane. Abaninzi zigqunyiwe ezindlini zabo kunye nezindlu. Isetyenziswa kule phambi amagwebu, egqalwa enye okuhle le misebenzi. Le nto ke kuthiwa istro amagwebu. inkqubo kwemveliso yaphuhliswa ngo-1928, kodwa ngobuninzi le mveliso waya ngowe-1937. Kwaye yintoni enye eyaziwayo izinto elana ngempumelelo?

Imbali amagwebu ye kokusungulwa

Ngowe-1839, le oosokhemisti German abafanelekayo kwinkqubo ukuhlola nobulawu, ngokungakhethiyo wafumana styrene. Koko, emva kokufunda kokuba bafumanisa iziyobisi, Edward uSimon waphawula ukuba ubuncwane olunamafutha emva kwexesha elithile ngokwabo natywinwa kwaye yaba into efana ijeli. Nayiphi ukubaluleka ayinikiwe ekuvuleni bakhe babona. Le nto yaziwa styrene oxide, yaye ngakumbi ukuba axoxe.

Ukuze oku emva ngo 1845. Styrene ekhemisi abanomdla Blyth ne Hoffman.

Umzekelo, iingcali baseJamani eNgilani wachitha ezinye eksperimenti zabo kunye nophando kwinkqubo kwafunyaniswa ukuba styrene iguqulelwa kwi jeli ingekho i-oksijini. Blyth ne von Hoffmann walibiza metastirolom. Emva koko, engama-21 kamva, inkqubo ngokulitywina kuthiwa "polymerization".

Xa imi- 20-zenkulungwane lokugqibela, yaziwa German kaHermann Staudinger wenza ubhaqo ebalulekileyo. Ngexesha ubilisa styrene uqala ukusabela chain apho akhiwa imixokelelwane macromolecular. Le lokufumanisa ngoko sasetyenziswa ukulungiselela ukwenziwa Iipholima ezahlukeneyo iiplastiki.

production industrial amagwebu

inkqubo yokuqaphela imvelaphi styrene eyenziwa abaphandi ukusuka The Dow Chemical Company. Imveliso woqoqosho istro waqala Basf. Xa iinjineli 30 baye ziphuhlisiwe kwaye kwasekwa imveliso zobugcisa styrene polymerized. Ngowe-1949 wafumana ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza ukuba ukwenziwa ngeengqalutye, foamed kunye pentane. Emva koko, ngenxa wokuqalisa imveliso lwezentengiso izinto ezifana istro amagwebu kobuhle.

Indlela sivelise?

Okubonakalayo ezisetyenziswa ubuhlalu ezinepolisterini. Ukwenza iiseli usebenzisa wezenzi ezikhethekileyo foamed eziphathekayo.

Inxaxheba kwinqanaba lokuqala granules zemveliso obuthelwe hopper, apho pre-ukwanda. Le granules babe imilo ukulenza. Ukuze ufumane esebenzayo izinto ubushushu-zokwambathisa ezikhoyo kunye ezixineneyo ephantsi, le nkqubo phindwa amaxesha amaninzi.

ixesha ngalinye iibhola iya ngakumbi nangakumbi. Phakathi amanyathelo amagwebu amaso babekwa ngendlela hopper ezizodwa, apho iiyure 12-24 uzinzise uxinzelelo ngaphakathi granules kunye yokomisa kwenzeka.

Le mveliso kuthi ke ngoko afakwe kumatshini nkosana ezizodwa, apho phantsi kwempembelelo lobushushu eliphezulu flow ngomphunga eyenziwe. Ezi granules zimxinwa ngokwaneleyo ukungunda, xa amaqondo obushushu aphezulu ukunamathelana kwasala ukwakheka kwalo emva zokupholisa.

Iibloko ubukhulu ezibalulekileyo, wonqanyulwa, ngokobungakanani eqhelekileyo. Noko ke, ngaphambi kokuba le nto ufake yokugcina eliphakathi. Xa imveliso amagwebu olungaphambili yande ukunyakama, kwaye nkqu ndinqumle nje ngeke isebenze. Kukho iindidi ezimbini ubugcisa oluthandwa usambathisa. Le oluludaka, kwakunye nokwehlukana ubunzima. Kumazwe ico, iYurophu kunye Melika baye basebenzisa ngempumelelo zombini lokuqala kunye indlela yesibini.

ngezigaba istro eyandisiweyo

Namhlanje, le ezisongwayo yenziwe ubugcisa eliphezulu kakhulu, nto leyo ukuba ukuphucula kakhulu iimpawu eziphathekayo. Ngoko ke, namhlanje, ukuvelisa istro eyandisiweyo. inkqubo amagwebu uqalwa esebenzisa hydrocarbon. Iba eguquguqukayo phezu zokufudumeza, kunye namaso istro kudumba kwaye lihlale ndawonye.

amagwebu yangaphambili azakubalulwa ubuchwepheshe lokuvelisa kunye kwabelwane ngamaqela. Le ukwambathisa apho iveliswa sintering ubugcisa, kunye ipleyiti zifunyanwa amagwebu le granules.

Kwakhona, izinto bahluka kwileyibhile.

• PS - amagwebu otyhidiweyo.
• Jls - ukumiswa bespressovy.
• PSB-S - zokucima ukumiswa bespressovy.
• istro Extruded - EPS.

Product brand DPM na isakhiwo iyunifomu ashinyeneyo. Ezi mpawu yaye wazimisela imihlaba ukusetyenziswa kwayo. Iiphaneli for kwemi le isitampu unokuba ukuxinana 50 kg / m ^3.

Le amagwebu extruded - yenye ezingcono. Ngexesha inkqubo yokuvelisa extrusion esetyenziswayo. EPS ayinyangeki ngokwaneleyo ukuze zonke iintlobo iimpembelelo mechanical, abe nezinga eliphezulu lexinene uneempawu uphawu ebalaseleyo.

Eyona ziqhelekileyo, ezifikelelekayo ethandwa phakathi kwabathengi uthathwa istro PSB. Lisetyenziswa njengendlela isifudumezi. Noko ke, xa kuthelekiswa ne umbandela extruded, i PSB ulahlekelwa kakhulu ngamandla.

Umahluko ngokomelela mninzi

iimpawu umbane ubephethwe eziphathekayo, ngenxa kwinqanaba ubushushu Uhanjiso elisezantsi. Xa sithelekisa phambi amagwebu kunye nayiphi na enye efumanekayo kwimarike yokwakha ubushushu, amandla alephuze amagwebu ezonga umbane iya kuba aphezulu kakhulu. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, ipleyiti Ebubanzini 12 mm ekwafanekisa eludongeni Ebubanzini izitena 2.1m (okanye iinkuni - 0,45 m).

Amanqaku brand ezithandwayo ugwebu zeplastiki

Ngenxa yoko, PSB-S-15 onokuxinana 10-11 kg / m ^3, PSB-25 - 15-16 kg / m ^3. Amagwebu PSB-25F front Ingxinano - 16-17 kg / m ^3. Density DPM C35 yi 25-27 kg / ^m-3, kwaye PSB-C50 - 35-37 kg / m ^3.

Ukuxinana ezaneleyo ukuze kobuhle elana

Isisombululo elifanelekileyo kungaba ukusebenzisa DPM-35 eziphathekayo kunye ukuxinana 25 kg / m ^3. Ungakhetha kunye nani elikhulu. Kodwa kulo mzekelo, i zokwambathisa neempawu ngokuncipha. Ukuba usebenzisa i PSB-S-25, le mathiriyeli iya ukunika ngqongqo ukuya olungaphambili. Xa inkqubo kokugqiba umsebenzi yonke imingcipheko umonakalo nembasa.

uphawu plate PSB-15 nako ukukhonza njengoko ubushushu kwaye ayiyi kuba umthwalo ebalulekileyo eludongeni lwendlu. Nangona kunjalo, lo alephuze amagwebu phantse ayizange isetyenziswe ngenxa olungaphambili - lonke tyala amandla aphantsi.

Le webhrendi kakhulu idla ngokusetyenziswa ukuba ubushushu emelene kwakhiwa isakhiwo. Kunokuba ludonga verandas okanye balcony ezahlukeneyo. Kwakhona, le brand lisetyenziswa ekugqibezeleni umsebenzi ezikoneni okanye imingxunyana window.

A ubukhulu okulingene amagwebu

Wayedla Iizilebhu kunye Ebubanzini cm-5 ukuya ku-7. Esi sigqibo enhle izakhiwo ezininzi. .K 150 mm asetyenziswa apho kuyimfuneko unombombiya udonga nzima. Umzekelo, oku aphephethwe ngamandla eludongeni.

Musa ukusebenzisa ipleyiti ubukhulu elininzi. Oku kungabangela iingxaki ezithile, ngokunjalo neendleko ngqiqweni. Kwiimeko ezininzi kuhle ukwenza isicelo kwiqela lenjongo, ukuba ukuxinana-35 kg / m ³ okusuka ka-15 cm, kunokuba PSB-C-25 100 cm obukhulu kanye ukuxinana 25 kg / m ^3.

olungaphambili Ukuhambelana amagwebu

Kuxhomekeka izinto zokwakha, apho isakhiwo lwakhiwe, kukho ofanelekileyo okanye akafanelekanga kusetyenziselwa heater zabo. Ngoko ke, ngokuba izindlu imithi kungcono ukusebenzisa uboya bezimbiwa.

Kodwa ikhonkrithi okanye izitena izakhiwo ngaphezulu kakuhle amagwebu. istro Extruded phambi ukusebenzisa Kwathi unyango nekudodobalisa komlilo, njengoko ifom abaninzi kakhulu, ezinokutsha kakhulu.

entabeni technology

Namhlanje kukho iinkampani ezininzi ukuveza ubushushu ngokwayo yaye zonke izinto ezinxulumene ufakelo. ukuzabalaza kakuhle iimveliso Ceresit. Kulungile ukuba wonke umsebenzi kwenziwa ngesandla. Le nkqubo ibandakanya amanyathelo aliqela.

uqeqesho

Umphezulu lonke udonga kufuneka ilungiswe. Ngoko ke, yonke inkunkuma isusiwe, naziphi na izinto eveleleyo. Umphezulu ke icocwe ukusuka konke eziwayo. Ngenxa yamalungiselelo isigaba kuquka ukulungiswa amalungu phakathi lezitena niya kulirhola.

Ukuba eyonakele udonga eziphathekayo, kufuneka ilungiswe. Qiniseka ukuba ingene Cap "Aquastop". Kuba kangangoko, yonke angokokusebenza kokuqinisela baphathwa primer kwii enzonzobila.

Ukufakelwa ezinye zibe

Udonga kufuneka tyaba kakhulu. Kulo mzekelo ngokuqinileyo ukholosile kuzakufakela ngamagqiza olungaphambili kwaye ulungele naluphi na unyango kumphezulu olunye. Udonga lonke akhathazeke ukukhanya ngeentambo ezikhethekileyo ukuchonga ngezitenxo uze nya.

panel glue

Kuba obandayo iipleyiti ezisetyenziswa kulo mzekelo Ceresit glue.

Kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukusebenzisa ezinye izinto. Uncamathelise lo phawu ebalulekileyo. Ubunzima kufuneka isicelo ngoko nangoko emva kwamalungiselelo. An neyure emva koko, iglu nje ome kwaye alungele ukusetyenziswa. Lo mxube ngcina lisetyenziswa phezu kwendawo yonke le sheet okanye kwiindawo ezintlanu ngokuhambisa le ngcina kwendawo ubuninzi kwi.

Sheets ukusebenza kakuhle ukukhetha kunye kumphezulu rough. Kwimeko kumphezulu wayo ogudileyo (uburhabaxa) impumelelo ngesandla. Xa inkqubo ngokunamathela noxwebhu ilungelelaniswe kwi kwinqanaba ngalinye.

Inkqubo ukunitha

Iipanele ereyini nganye staggered. Umzekelo, imikrozo ukuqala ngemivalo kunqunyulwa kwisiqingatha. Ukuba amaphepha musa idibana nabanye kunye ifomu izikhewu phakathi iimakhishithi ugwebu obuphalazelwe ngendlela engamanzi. Xa oku amagwebu Akuvunyelwe ngokungqongqo.

ufakelo mechanical

Shiya lo yephaneli iglu akakwazi. Le eziphathekayo ukuba avuthele kude yimimoya enamandla. Kungatya imali eninzi kakhulu ukuba uyazi amagwebu phambi kangakanani. Price ngokuxhomekeke umenzi kunye neempawu iqala engange 700 pack nganye, kwaye uza 6000 engange. iphepha ngalinye iqhotyoshelwe usebenzisa izikhonkwane. Kwiqela ngalinye usebenzisa izikhonkwane ezintlanu. Emva kokugqitywa kwale nkqubo, ngamnye izikhonkwane kufuneka aphathwe kulu.

nokuqiniswa Eminye wenziwa, kwakunye isamente. Kuba fiberglass yokuqala ezisetyenzisiweyo. Bafuna iintlobo ezimbini - sebenzisa mesh nzima yaye ethambileyo. Soft uya kuba iikona kwaye ngqongqo zisetyenziselwa iindonga. Okulandelayo, unako ukuthenga zokuhombisa udaka sangaphandle amagwebu ngento nokwaleka eyahlukileyo.

Le iteknoloji isetyenziswa phantse kuyo yonke indawo. Le ndlela ubushushu kakuhle kakhulu kwaye inceda ukunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zamandla.