Types of zingangenwa. Ukuba zingangenwa yokwakha. iglasi ezilulwelo zingangenwa

Ukhuseleko amanzi ukuze zonke imiphezulu kunye nezakhiwo ngexesha ukusetyenziswa eze wadibana ibingenakunyakama. Ukuba indlu ilizwe, koko apha mababandakanye bophahla, emagumbini iziseko. Ngaphakathi kule ndlu okanye ikhaya lokuhlambela kunye nezindlu zangasese, apho ithuba zizikhukula evuzayo.

Ngaphakathi izakhiwo kufuneka izinto yokugquma ngamanzi, ekufuneka ikhuseleke emvuleni kunye amafu. Khusela izinto amanzi kuyimfuneko nje kuphela apho kukho ithuba sokungena wayo; kodwa apho condensate kunye nokuhlamba amanzi inamandla kuchaphazela kakubi isakhiwo. Ukwenza oku namhlanje usebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo amanzi, nto leyo zihlelwe ngohlobo indawo ukusetyenziswa nenjongo.

Iintlobo amanzi kule ndawo lwesicelo kunye nexesha yokusebenzisa

Ukuqwalasela iintlobo amanzi kufuneka uqhelane ngakumbi izinto, zihlelwa ngokungqinelana kwindawo ukusetyenziswa. Materials imisebenzi enjalo ingasetyenziselwa isicelo zangaphandle okanye zangaphakathi. zingangenwa lwangaphakathi - lonke uluhlu amanyathelo anokuthi ukukhusela izinto ezivela ngaphakathi emanzini. Oku kufuneka kuquke umsebenzi amanzi phantsi kunye neendonga kwigumbi lokuhlambela.

design Ingaphandle isebenzisa zingangenwa lwangaphandle. Umzekelo, isiseko kufuneka ukhuselwe komhlaba. Ukuqwalasela iintlobo amanzi, ngokukodwa izixhobo zahlulwa ngokuvumelana nexesha lokusetyenziswa. Ngoko ke, ukuba zingangenwa kunokuba eziziprayimari nezizisekondari. Ophambili kwisigaba sokwakha into, lo gama i-secondary esetyenziselwa ukulungiswa.

Umzekelo, ukuba ngenxa yesizathu esithile ukuba zingangenwa lamabanga aphantsi yonakele okanye abakwazi ukumelana nale misebenzi, ngoko iintshukumo ezilandelayo ukuba zingangenwa eziziisekondari. Isigubungelo endala kufuneka isuswe ngaxeshanye, umphezulu ecocekileyo, uze isicelo umaleko entsha amanzi. Maxa wambi iteknoloji isetyenziswa xa kukho umaleko omtsha lusetyenziswa phezu endala.

Iintlobo amanzi injongo kunye neempawu

Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zingangenwa zithiwe thaca kwi kwimarike namhlanje. Bangakwazi kwahlulwa ngeempawu kunye nenjongo, kubalulekile ukwahlula phakathi kwabo:

• protivonapornuyu;
• pressureless;
• protivokapillyarnuyu;
• phezulu;
• uphawu.

Protivonapornaya zisetyenziselwa yokuvikela uxinzelelo lwamanzi entle. Ukuba inqanaba komhlaba eliphezulu ngokwaneleyo, iindonga ongaphantsi umphandle kufuneka zikhuselwe protivonapornoy ngamanzi. Isebenzisa izinto leyo bayakwazi ukwenziswa into uxinzelelo lwamanzi entle.

zingangenwa Pressureless isicelo xa kuyimfuneko ukukhusela isakhiwo amanzi xi ezimbi. imisebenzi ezilolu hlobo kufuneka ngexesha kwemvula okanye spring izikhukula enzima angemi isiseko. zingangenwa Protivokapillyarnaya inceda ukukhusela yokwenyuka ezimanzi ngokusebenzisa emithanjeni. imisebenzi enjalo kufuneka ngenxa yokuba izinto ezininzi zokwakha bayakwazi ukuba ndimanyise amanzi, emva unyuka usiya phezulu. kwezitena ikhonkrithi kufuneka yabelwe phakathi kwabanye.

Iintlobo ngokutsho indlela lwamalungiselelo zingangenwa

Ukuqwalasela iintlobo amanzi, yaye uya kufunda lukhulu malunga ngezinto, zihlelwa yi indlela lungiselelo, ukuba ingaba:

• Paint;
• ukufaka;
• ziphose;
• emigodini;
• mountable;
• ifilimu;
• Obmazochnaya;
• kraftliner;
• ukumitha;
• isambuku;
• zesakhiwo.

Ukusetyenziswa komhlaba ngamanzi

Zingangenwa kwezakhiwo idla ezenziwe ngezinto daka, apho zimelwe mastics, licandelo-amabini nezakhiwo elastic omnye-candelo. isicelo sabo singahlala ngaphakathi ubukhulu umaleko we-2 mm ukuya 6 cm. zokwakha okunjalo amanzi asetyenziselwa ukukhusela yangaphandle izinto zokwakha.

Ngokufuthi esetyenziselwa iziseko kumphezulu ngamanzi ukuba ubagcine kuyo komhlaba. Ngemastic ingasetyenziselwa izicelo zangaphakathi. Kulo mzekelo, babugubungela iindonga ongaphantsi okanye indlu yangasese. Ukusebenzisa indawo ngamanzi na ukuphelisa ivale.

izinto Obmazochnye ukuba iikhompawundi bituminous. Phakathi amancedo kwesisombululo olunjalo bungabonakala cheapness. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ethile ukuba zibonakaliswa brittleness kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi. Itha uqalisa ngamandla okubuyela kwimo, xa ubushushu sisehla sibengaphantsi zero. Ukuba ngeli xesha kuya kwenzeka deformation, oko kuya kubangela ukuba ukuyilwa neentanda kunye ekhefu. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo elayibrari flake ukusuka kumphezulu konke konke.

yemastic Bituminous ukuba zingangenwa ukulungele ukuba ihlale iminyaka 6. Le izinto iyonakala maxa wambi emva kwimijikelo ezine ebusika. Le ethile ne zingangenwa ezifana nengozi kunye ngetha ezishushu. Ngaphezu koko, umphezulu kufuneka ulungiselele ngenyameko. Kufuneka ukuba kucace ukusuka duko, ubutyobo, uthuli nodaka.

Ukukhutshwa kwe-komhlaba ngamanzi mazenziwe kuphela kwimozulu eyomileyo. Ekubeni ingqalelo zonke iifitsha kule ndlela, kunokwenziwa isigqibo sokuba le tela yemastic amanzi angangeni lungasetyenziswa kuphela kwiimeko apho amathuba ukuvuza mncinane ngokwaneleyo. Oku kufuneka kuquke ngumzekelo apho umgangatho omhlaba esezantsi. technology zophahla yintw, ngokuba nditshaye abandayo eziphathekayo kunye umkhenkce untshulisa breaks eziphathekayo. Ngenxa yoko, umphezulu intwasahlobo ulahlekelwa yobunzima.

Iimpawu akhande lunamagama hydraulic

Olunga- amatywina hydraulic lubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwezinto esongwayo, leyo zifunjwe ezahlukahukeneyo. Le ndlela lisetyenziswa kuphela protivonapornoy ngamanzi engaphandle. Izisombululo ezithandwa kakhulu kumsebenzi ezinjalo:

• yophahla;
• yophahla;
• izinto bituminous ngokusekelwe glass;
• asphalt;
• izinto Ibhitumene polymerized;
• rezinobitumy.

Ukuba amanzi engaphandle iza kwenziwa ngoncedo kwimiqulu mihla kunye ongeziweyo Polymer, kuya kuba lula ukufumana iziphumo ezincumisayo. , Uya kuba itywina layer ziya kuqhuba ixesha elide, umphezulu wayo ayakhekanga ukungunda oko phantsi ukubola. Izinto eziluncedo ze izinto nqanawa ingaqatshelwa ithuba ngokubekwa iindawo ezahlukeneyo uhlobo:

• lwemithi;
• metal;
• eziphathekayo;
• isileyiti flat;
• ngeso lenyama roll endala;
• blacktop.

Le ukuxhathisa ukufuma amanzi, iyamelana bume ndlongondlongo, enoqoqosho. Noko ke, umphezulu kufuneka ngenyameko pre-walungisa. Kubalulekile ukuba kupheliswe izitenxo ngaphezulu 2 mm. Ekuhlanganiseni okanye kuncanyatheliswe kufuneka wenziwe ngocoselelo olukhulu.

Umsebenzi luqale, xa amaqondo obushushu ngaphezu +10 ° C. Phantsi isenzo yoxinezeleko ngomatshini zingabangela umbandela, ngoko ke kunqweneleka ukukhusela. Lidla obu bugcisa namhlanje Wenza ukuba zingangenwa lesiseko. Iindidi zingangenwa ingqalelo, uze ugqibe ukuba ezi iinketho ungayithandi. Oku kubangelwa imfuneko ukwenza udonga nokubotshwa olongezelelweyo. Ngaphezu koko, kubalulekile ukubonelela amanqanaba asezantsi ukufuma komhlaba phambi kokuba nokusebenzisa izinto eziphathekayo. Ukuba eziphathekayo zimanzi, lo adhesion iya kuba ndingekho.

zingangenwa Paint

Peyinta asebenza umaleko ububanzi kwi uluhlu mm-3 ukuya ku-6. Le filimu kakhulu bhetyebhetye kwaye akukho ezivuzayo. Wena zingangenwa enjalo phantsi ithayile bath ekuLunyukisiweyo ngazo zinakho ukuqhutywa. Noko ke, imastic epeyinta ezisetyenziswa kwizicelo ebonakalayo. Ukusebenzisa ezi ezaqanjwa ukuba Umzamo kunye yodonga, ukhukhuliseko kunye neentanda. Njengoko izinto ezisetyenziswa zemastic bituminous kunye nezongezelelo of talc kunye asbestos, kwakunye sisincoko ezisekelwe nentlaka zokwenziwa. Ezi Ubugcisa bahluka cheapness. Imela phakathi iingenelo umphunga wamanzi permeability kunye nokumelana lingonakali. Nangona kunjalo, kukho olungabuy, omnye wabo lubonakaliswa ubu. Olu daka ilungele ukuba ukukhonza iminyaka 6.

Spray zingangenwa ulwelo

Lidla wazithwala napylyaemymymi izinto zingangenwa ulwelo. Ziye ke amelwe Polymer-itha emulsion, ezo amanzi-based. imixube efana nayo ngokuba irabha ulwelo. Iiplastiki olulodwa okanye icandelwana-amabini kwaye isicelo yenziwa ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezizodwa. Loo ndlela afanelekileyo hayi kuphela kwigumbi elingaphantsi, kodwa nophahla. Izinto eziluncedo ukuze kuchazwe isakhono iirubber engamanzi ukugcwalisa pores nokuba emihle.

Zingangenwa pool iirubber ulwelo kwenza ukuba ibe ukutyabeka hermetic. Phambi kokuba uqale, kufuneka ucinge ezinye ezingalunganga yale ndlela, ke zibonakaliswa kuluhlu lobushushu, ekufuneka zigcinwe ngaphakathi kwemida ethile. Le irabha engamanzi lungasetyenziswa kuphela +5 ° C nangaphezulu.

Xa ekusebenzeni zingangenwa enjalo kufuneka ukuba yonakele. Yena esaba ukuhlatywa. Phambi zokwaleka, umphezulu kufuneka ome kwaye uqiniseke ukuba akukho buhlangene. Complex yokubona aya kufuna isixa ochukumisa ngakumbi ngezinto ebangela ukunyuka kwamaxabiso imisebenzi. Ukutshiza kuthityazwa ngumoya onamandla, ukuze baphumeze umsebenzi eziyimfuneko ukulinda iimeko ekunene.

zingangenwa gaze

Kwesakhiwo ngamanzi na kwenziwa angena ngezinto bayakwazi anqanda capillary ukwanda amanzi. Ukubunjwa olu hlobo ngumxube:

• arhente imichiza esebenzayo;
• ukusuka isanti zwi;
• Portland isamente.

Isicelo lwenziwa kwindawo emanzi, emva koko kuza ukwakhiwa adibane namanzi ukwenza ziikristale, ngokuzalisa le emithanjeni, neentanda kunye pores. Ubunzulu Ukungena unako ukufikelela-25 cm. Abanye abenzi bathi ekwakhiweni ungena ukuya kubunzulu-90 eziphathekayo cm.

Zingangenwa le wangaphantsi obu bugcisa lusebenza kakhulu. Ukuba bemba isiseko akaphumeleli, processing enokwenziwa evela ngaphakathi. izinto gaze anganqanda iziqulathi ezahlukeneyo uhlobo zazisebenza. Phakathi eziluncedo eziyimfuneko ukuqaqambisa ithuba zomsebenzi iwayini. Kulo mzekelo isiseko akuyomfuneko ukwemba. indawo Dry nayo ingafuneki. Emva zingangenwa ukhuselekile kuphela ngaphandle kodwa ngaphakathi. Ukulungele ukuba zihlale ixesha elide. Eziphathekayo igcina amandla ngenxa umphunga wamanzi permeability.

Ukuba zingangenwa umsebenzi kwindlu yamaplanga

Ukuba zingangenwa kwindlu yamaplanga kufuna. Ukuze iibhodi umgangatho musa ayikufanelanga ukuba ukusetyenziswa ngaphambi kwexesha, phakathi isiseko kunye isithsaba asezantsi kufuneka wabeka zingangenwa tye. Kudla ukuba yenziwa mastics bituminous nezinto roll. Kwezo ndawo, apho kukho inkxaso log, nawe, kufuneka amalungiselelo amanzi. Ukuze ngaphandle ukuyilwa amafu kwigumbi komhlaba kuyimfuneko ukubonelela imingxuma umoya ezindongeni esahlukileyo.

Isiseko iya kuba yimfuneko yokugubungela ngaphandle ifilimu okanye engamanzi zingangenwa izinto. Ukususela ngaphakathi, kakhulu, kufuneka amanzi. Kwigumbi elingaphantsi, kule meko iya kuhlala owomileyo nkqu ngexesha kwezikhukhula entwasahlobo. Ke ukuba umgangatho ngomthi kwindlu yamaplanga, oko mazikhuselwe ntlobo zilandelayo zingangenwa:

• Paint;
• ziphose;
• Okleechnaya;
• ukumitha.

Okleechnaya zingangenwa ifuna ukuyilwa ukhuko rhoqo yebhitumene-Polymer, itha okanye izinto Polymer. Phambi kokuba kuqhutyelwe phambili kungekabekwa umaleko yokuqala, umqadi blister emgangathweni okanye slab njengekonkile icocwe ukusuka kobutyobo kunye eluthulini, kwaye nenqubo equalized primer. Ukuba ziyangenana ngamaplanga okanye ibhodi, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukusebenza iikhompawundi kubola kunye retardants ilangatye.

Oku kulandelwa kokuqhubeka ngokubeka zingangenwa. Amalungu ukuba qhiwu phambi kwabo, kwaye umaleko olandelayo ilele phezu zemastic, nto leyo adluliselwa umbandela yangaphambili swi eqongeni. Emva ukulungiselela olunjalo kufuneka zibekwe ngomthi umgangatho iphele.

ilothe izinto ezifulelwe

Zingangenwa nophahla ubonelela ukuba kusetyenziswe izinto web, eli nalibekelwayo ngokuthi kuncanyatheliswe. Kumphezulu izinto nophahla luqiniswe a mastics bituminous. Le viscosity le eziphathekayo ezizuze iziphumo ezigqwesileyo kwaye ikhusela isiseko, isiseko okanye elingaphantsi ukusuka umthondo emanzini. Ukuba izinto luzakutumela ukheto nophahla kudityaniswe ukutyabeka zigqunyiwe elingaphantsi kumzi isitena, oko uya kakhulu ubomi umaleko.

Ukusebenzisa waterglass

iglasi ulwelo lisetyenziswa amanzi namhlanje kaninzi. Njengoko izinto isiseko isebenza sodium silicate okanye potassium silicate, ukhetho yokugqibela ibiza kakhulu. Ukusetyenziswa waterglass ikhutshwa phandle ngokusebenzisa isitshizi okanye ibrashi. Kwimeko yokuqala, umxube unyityilikiswa emanzini kwindawo ngokomlinganiselo we-1 ukuya kwisi-5 Ngaloo ndlela kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa. iglasi ulwelo ukukhusela iinkuni ukusuka nokuvunda kwaye nesihumba, ukwandisa ukuxhathisa yayo emlilweni. iglasi yamanzi esetyenziswa amanzi angangeni nangakumbi .lulwaleko oluphakathi ngaphambi iithayile okanye ukusetyenziswa udaka. Umaleko engaphandle uyakwazi ukukhusela umphezulu nxamnye umonakalo, ulisebenzisa ukubunjwa nokuqhelana asidi.

Zingangenwa brand "Ceresit"

Ceresit zingangenwa uthengiswe kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, CR 65 umxube owomileyo apho iyamelana kubushushu obuphantsi, akukho ekucaca ukuba neetyuwa kunye alkalis, kwakunye usebenziso olulula ohluke. Isicelo kufuneka wenziwe nge ibrashi okanye spatula. Imisebenzi enokwenziwa ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle kwamasango.

Zingangenwa Ceresit ukhonza kwakhona yokwahluka Ecl 51 eba uhlobo omnye nokusasazeka icandelo Polymer kwaye unezinga eliphezulu luthambe. Used endlini kwaye ugqibelele ukuba of ngamanzi.