Lokunxibela. ngebhandishi selastiki. usula igozi wawuqalekisa

Zokubopha - sisixhobo zoncedo lokuqala. Imbali imvelaphi yayo ukuba aba lolu hlobo kudala kakhulu. Around 460-377. BC. e. (Ngelo xesha noHippocrates), ukuze ukulungisa ngokuqinileyo yokuxhela, ityatyekwe yokuncamathelisa, intlaka ezahlukeneyo kunye ngelaphu kusetyenziswa. Kwiminyaka 130-200. BC. e. ugqirha waseRoma Galen wadala isikhokelo okhethekileyo. Kuyo, wachaza ubuchule ezahlukeneyo amabhandeji ayangenana.

History of uphuhliso

Ukusetyenziswa zokubopha ifumene ingqalelo ngenxa yomthetho yokuqala Yeengwevu YaseRoma. Yathi ukuba laelo isoldati kufuneka banikwe isiqwenga ngelaphu, ngazo kwakhe, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukunika uncedo lokuqala kuwe okanye oogxa bakho. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba superimposition izinto ezahlukeneyo ukuya kummandla ochaphazelekayo omzimba yasetyenziswa ngamaxesha kokubhalwa kwembali. Ukulungiselela le njongo, ingasetyenziswa amagqabi nengca, kuba ilifa iimpawu ezifana bhetyebhetye, ukuthamba, luthambe kunye ngobuqhophololo kwesigubungelo. Ezinye izityalo kufuneka iipropati impiliso yaye isiphumo amayeza, umzekelo, yokuba nempembelelo astringent kunye iintlungu.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba izityalo ezithile ezisetyenziswa amayeza emveli ukuba isicelo amabhandeji ukuya namhlanje. Phakathi kwabo: omnye itswele esibhakiweyo, ngeplantain, kunye nabanye abaninzi. Kwincopho zokubopha zalo zophuhliso ekufikelelwe ngamaxesha kwimveliso longxowankulu. Kweli xesha ukususela 1476 ngenxa 1492 ifumene ngokubanzi ngundaba umhlabelo oluhlangeneyo eYurophu. Kwinkulungwane XVIII kunye nesiqingatha 1 senkulungwane XIX, ukubaluleka ngokukodwa yanikwa inyathelo njengendlela izifunxi. Ukuzakhela ukuba kungabotshwa lwaqhutywa usebenzisa izinto ekrwada kunye capillarity eliphezulu. Umzekelo, hemp, nelinen kunye hemp, ngokunjalo iintshengece (rastereblennaya kwi vulu yomqhaphu bemthandele). Ekubeni Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XIX. Baye izakusetyenziswa endaweni igozi, umqhaphu izifunxi kunye lignin.

yokwahlukanisa jikelele

Kwixesha elidlulileyo ezi ntlobo lokunxibela yayigcina kuphela amanqaku kuphela nje ezimbalwa:

• Iiplasta e jiko, kwakunye microbicides eluhlobo amacwecwe.
• amabhandeji Medical.
• Zokubhala ukulungiselela iinjongo zonyango.
• Njengeyasuyasu lwezempilo.

Xa kuthelekiswa neminyaka edlulileyo uluhlu mihla zokubopha iye kutyeba kakhulu. Oku wayithanda kakhulu kuphuhliso ezinkulu-scale amayeza lemveliso kwilizwe lethu, kwakunye ukungeniswa kakhulu kwiimveliso angaphandle kwi kurhwebo lwasekhaya.

Ukwahlukanisa ngu injongo

Ngokuqhelekileyo, yonke imifanekiso angohlulwa ngokwamaqela ezine: abulawe non-ludlolo, alula nanzima. Noko ke, injongo yayo engundoqo umgangatho ezikhethekileyo - injongo isicelo. Ngokwalo mgaqo, ungakhetha inani elilandelayo kwemisebenzi eyenziwa yi amabhandeji:

• Ukuvala umphezulu elimele. Ukulungiselela le njongo, kwamalweyile, ukutyabeka bactericidal, bawubopha zokubopha, kwaye ngaphezulu.
• Ucinezelo of yesiqephu okanye namalungu entengo.
• Kuba ilungisa lokunxibela.
• Ucinezelo ngeso lenyama.

imfuneko olugunyazisiweyo ukuba naluphi na uhlobo ukunxiba ukuvala amanxeba - abawaziyo.

Iimpawu imveliso

Ukuveliswa lokunxibela eqinisa kwi kwisigaba entsha yophuhliso Bulelani ukuvela ubuchwepheshe bale mihla. Ngenxa izicelo zabo ziye zafunyanelwa elastomeric, egqojozwe kunye nesakhiwo ngelaphu nonwoven, osekelwe ukusetyenziswa ezaqanjwa Polymer kunye Ipeyinti zalo. Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo mihla amayeza ivumela ukuba ukusombulula iqela le misebenzi ilandelayo:

• Ukuphumeza index eliphezulu lomsebenzi elwa.
• ixesha elide sokusebenza.
• Umthamo yokufunxa eliphezulu edibene breathability elungileyo, isantya ngokupheleleyo xa belele kunye capillary amanyathelo.
• Atraumatic.
• Stability le arhente elwa ekunyangeni iimeko radiation kunye nzala umphunga.

Yintoni ukukhetha: zokubopha zemveli okanye bezi mini neendlela?

Enyanisweni, lo mba nto buciko kuphela. Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo mihla amayeza kudala iimeko ezithandwa kakhulu ngakumbi ukuphiliswa ekhawulezileyo amanxeba. Oku, ukhuseleko zingaveli kumphezulu loloyiko owenzakeleyo. Unobangela yabo idla ilele kwi ukuvalwa ixesha elide inxeba yi zokubopha eziqhelekileyo.

Ke ukuba umba amanani, umahluko kwexabiso phakathi mihla kunye nezinto elifanayo kakhulu uvalo. Ukuba le ngxoxo ngezinye ngakwicala le yokugqibela. Noko ke, xa kuziwa kwimpilo yabantu, iindleko akusoloko yeyonanto ukuba ukhetho. Ngaphezulu, njengokuba kusenziwa imiboniso, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zonyango mihla ngakumbi iindleko-olusebenzayo kuthelekiswa oluqhelekileyo. Bathi ngenxa ukusebenza ephantsi kufuneka asebenzise ixesha elide kakhulu. Le ngxelo ke ingqalelo ngakumbi ngenxa umzekelo wokusetyenziswa amabhandeji umqhaphu-igozi:

• isakhiwo enoboya iba ityala inxeba zoqhagamshelwano eziphathekayo amasuntswana. Balala inyama ubuhlungu kunye nokuthintela impiliso yayo ekhawulezileyo.
• Igozi kuyinto material enemingxuma oluhle nokwanda massoemkostyu. Ezi mpawu zezakhiwo kubangele ukukhula amagciwane isilonda. Ukongeza, ukuba kukhokelela ekuthotyweni umoya kunye nomphunga wamanzi permeability phantsi walisusa. Oku kubonakala ngakumbi xa isicelo kwiiseli ezininzi. Xa le nkqubo lilibaziseka inxeba epithelialization kunye granulation, kwaye ngenxa yoko, ixesha layo ukuphiliswa uba elide.
• Adhesion, okanye sinamathele elula - omnye minus ukusetyenziswa amabhandeji igozi. Isibakala sokuba netuwa inxeba buzane, ukuba lukhuni xa zomile. granulation nxeba kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa yokuxhela, nto leyo yokwenzakala ukuya kwindawo entsha iintlungu ukususwa. Ngelo xesha nye ubunzima kunye nesikhumba eyingqongileyo. Kwakhona kubangela umonakalo kwintlungu wehlise inkqubo recovery iyonke.
• Amanxeba kunye kwamalweyile zidla baxhotyiswa iinkuni ezimbalwa kwiphakheji. Xa kuvulwa alo intsholongwane kuphela kuqala. Nangona ezinye olu phawu iyalahleka.
• Ukwandisa kukufakwa kwaye anike ubukhulu igozi ekunene kufuneka lisikwe uze agobe kwiiseli ezininzi. Le nkqubo iphula elwa kwaye abanye ukungakhululeki isigulane.
• Ukuze ukulungisa iqhiya zomqhaphu-igozi phezu ngenxeba, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa i lokubopha nkarhinyana. Oku kukhokelela imali inkcitho egqithisileyo ne ifuna zazo ezongezelelweyo.

Ngaloo ndlela, ukusetyenziswa izinto eqhelekileyo, zemveli ebangela inkqubo elide wokuphilisa nxeba. A enye entle izixhobo zale mihla ukuba inazo zonke kuneengxaki ezichazwe ngasentla. zokubopha ziphuculweyo Ipeyinti atraumatic kunye absorbency eliphezulu. nitrogen yabo kwenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo ngokusebenzisa iglu hypoallergenic.

Izinto eziluncedo iimveliso mihla

• Amabhandeji basekukhanyeni okanye non-ephothiweyo, base umboniso, nto leyo evumela ukuba esweni inkqubela wokuphilisa nxeba.
• Lobumanzi - esinye plus. Isigulane uyakwazi ukuthatha unyango amanzi ngaphandle umngcipheko amanzi angena inxeba.
• nitrogen ezinokuthenjwa.
• lokunxibela Modern awunamatheli kumphezulu isilonda, yaye musa buhlungu naye.
• Ukususwa lwenzeka ngaphandle neziphumo ezibi kakhulu kubo umguli.
• Self-enamathelayo amabhandeji ye ukulungiswa ngokwabo kwaye ayifuni iimali ezongezelelweyo.
• Kukho sorbent kwasala non-invasive ukuba uqokelela nxeba exudate.
• lokunxibela ngaphezulu ikhusela inxeba ukufumana usulelo eziziisekondari nokushukunyiswa mechanical.
• kuqamba Hypoallergenic.
• amazinga aphezulu umoya kunye nomphunga wamanzi permeability ukuthintela okuvela maceration.
• lokunxibela Modern ukulungele ukusebenzisa yaye zifuna akukho uqeqesho.
• Antibacterial.
• Ukupakisha lula kuvulwa.

ilaphu Medical

Igozi - le ngelaphu kunye enqabileyo, isakhiwo womnatha. Kukho iindidi ezimbini: kakhulu kwaye eyome hygroscopic. Ezi ke zahlulwe zibe ngeentlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo: cotton ehlambulukileyo kongezwe yomelezwe viscose kutyiwa (in a umlinganiselo we-50% zomqhaphu 50% rayon ne-70% zomqhaphu-30% rayon). Umahluko eziphambili ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Cotton lubamba ulwelo imizuzwana-10, lo gama viscose igozi kunye admixture ukwenza into efanayo imizuzwana 60, oko kukuthi amaxesha 6 kancinci.

Izinto eziluncedo ze viscose na, ubuchule eliphezulu amanzi ukugcina amandla olwandisiweyo ukufunxa exudate ukulimaza, kunye namazinga aphezulu ukufunxeka igazi. Nangona kunjalo, xa kuthelekiswa yomqhaphu igozi viscose analogu kubi kugcina iziyobisi. Kunye ngeentlambululo kwakhona emva ngokuphindaphindiweyo umthamo sokufunxa. Ngamandla bemfuno yomqhaphu yokuxhela-25% kune umlinganiselo yethishyu kunye viscose ukungcola. Kodwa capillarity kuzo zombini Uhlobo malunga enye, nalo phakathi 10-12 cm / hr. Ngokutsho ubundilele igozi zonyango iimfuno efanayo ngoboya. Eli laphu eveliswa kunye nemilinganiselo standard web ububanzi - 69-73 cm, ubude 50 ukuya 150 m kwi piece.

Kwizikolo ezingekho semgangathweni zokusebenza kunye zokubopha amanxeba eveliswayo ngamaqhekeza-3. e pack. ubude ngalinye ngu-10 m ububanzi - 90 cm Like uboya, igozi avavanyelwe wettability (umthamo yokufunxa), cala kunye capillarity..

Ikhosi uvavanyo ukufaneleka yethishyu

• Ukuze kukuvavanya wettability, a imbeddability indlela. Ngokuba lo ubungakanani igozi isampulu yamanzi-izifunxi-5 x 5 cm uvikivwa phezu kwamanzi. Ngu nemigangatho emiselweyo kufuneka ukuba uqhagamshelane iindonga isitya ukuntywila emanzini imizuzwana 10. cheesecloth swatch kufuneka ukwenze oko kwimizuzwana eyi-60.
• Ukuvavanya ukuba kungabotshwa phezu capillarity, isiqwenga-5 cm laphu ububanzi uvikivwa kwelinye icala isidlo esikhethekileyo petri ezaliswe nesisombululo eosin. Isampulu ingqalelo ukuba uluphumelele uvavanyo ukuba, kwisithuba imizuzu engama-60, isisombululo liphuma ukusuka kumphakamo engamanzi engekho ngaphantsi kwe-10 cm.

iintlobo ezikhethekileyo tse

Kukho iindidi ezimbini igozi, leyo abe Okukodwa elithile. Etokrovoostanavlivayuschaya kunye hemostatic.

• zokubopha Haemostatic afunyenwe ekusetyenzweni oxides igozi initrojeni oluqhelekileyo. Eli laphu eliphuma nje ukuba ayeke igazi, kodwa ako ngokupheleleyo inxeba inyanga. Kuthatha uhlobo kwamalweyile ubungakanani 13x13 cm.
• Ilaphu Hemostatic. Eli tyala libandakanya calcium ityiwa acrylic acid. Ime Kananjalo igazi (umlinganiselo akukho ngaphezulu kwe-5 imizuzu), kodwa oko akuthethi ukusombulula. Ingasetyenziswa le fom ye-tampons, ngendlela engalawulwayo kunye iibhola. Ukusebenzisa olu hlobo kudala ukuya kwi-15% kukuthenga.

Igozi nokubopha izandla zakhe

Kuqala kwinto zonke, phambi kokuba uqale ukwakha, kufuneka wenze isigqibo malunga kubungakanani bayo elizayo. lokunxibela Standard, nto wathengisa ezikhemisti, linobude akukho ngaphezu kwe-15 cm kunye nokuphakama-5 cm. Ukuba imveliso senzelwe umntwana, ngoko ubukhulu yayo ixhomekeke ubudala umguli. Umzekelo, abantwana iminyaka ukuya ku-6 kuya kuthetha umhlabelo Isanti 10 x 4 cm, kodwa zingasetyenziswa kuguqulelo omdala le elivisayo. Ukuze wenze imveliso zabo phezu kobuso bakho, kuya kufuneka:

• Ubungakanani ingxenye 17 x 7 cm yemeko izifunxi - 4 iiPC.
• A strip imxinwa walisusa kwi mali lamaqhosha-2. Ubude kufuneka ube malunga 60-70 cm, ububanzi-5 cm.

Emva ziya ilungiswe zonke izinto eziyimfuneko kwimveliso elizayo, ungaqalisa imveliso amabhandeji igozi. Le ilandelayo ke inkqubela.

• Kufuneka sithathe zephetshana umhlabelo ndikuqengqe ngayo ngomaleko 3.
• Emva koko bethunga ecaleni kungqameko umatshini wokuthunga okanye ngesandla kule ingenamthungo encinane.
• Phinda isenzo ngokubopha yesibini.
• Emva koko, lo workpiece kuyimfuneko ixesha lokuba abeke bucala kwaye uqale ukususa i igozi. Ezine caba kufuneka adityaniswe kunye kwaye sheathe ubude yonke.
• Emva koko, enyeleni kweziphumo uxande kufuneka siqoshelise ngaphakathi isentimitha kunye scribbling kwakhona.
• Ngoku, xa zonke zontathu iindawo sele uzicwangcisile, kufuneka iqokelelwe kwi lokubopha enye. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, esikule ecaleni uxande kufuneka ukuthunga imitya emibini: omnye - ukusuka phezulu, kwaye enye kwicala asezantsi. Ngoko ke igozi ngebhandishi yenziweyo ngezandla zabo.

iimveliso entengo Stretchable

• ngebhandishi selastiki esetyenziselwa nitrogen. Yenziwe bomqhaphu grey vulu. Ekusoluleni walisusa kufuneka ihlangabezane neemfuno engqongqo - kufuneka ibe kwi-50%. Iveliswe ubungakanani standard umhlabelo Ubude -. 3 m, ububanzi - 10 cm 5 okanye umhlabelo elastic kwalo mqathango a amandla eliphezulu. Solid caba 5 cm ukumelana nomthwalo ubuncinane 30 kgf. Le phakeji 18 lisongelwe eyahlukileyo iimveliso ileyibheli ububanzi-10 cm okanye iziqwenga 36 ka-5 cm.
• ngebhandishi selastiki (tubular) wenza umsebenzi ofanayo unguwabo yayo ababezenzile. Nangona kunjalo, lo extensibility baphezulu ukuqala kwi-800%. Olu hlobo iqhiya ibhekisela "tepermat" udidi, elithetha "ezinithiweyo amabhandeji elastic." Yenziwe i msonto elastomeric leyo aluka x / yomqhaphu vulu neerhali zokwenziwa. Ngenxa isakhiwo enemingxuma ngelasitiki nitrogen umhlabelo akaphazamisani umoya kwegazi kunye esweni site eyosulelekileyo. 7 ukuze abe ububanzi amanani sleeve ezahlukeneyo: 75, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20 no-10 mm. Weight 1 macala onke. m ngu 280, ukusetyenziswa amanqaku tubular usindisa ukuchwetheza zokubopha kunye nexesha ligqithile. ehlanjiweyo yabo wenziwe kubushushu hayi kwi-40 ° C ngaphandle kokusebenzisa iindlela zokwenziwa. Emva kokuba kwenziwe pula ngamanzi ashushu. Ukuze Ukusenga ukufuma agqithisileyo, wasebenzisa iitawuli. Linegunya amabhandeji engamkelekanga.

ezinye iimveliso

Igozi i iphaphazelise olubuxande kwicala lwe agobe ngomaleko ezimbini kwithishyu izifunxi. Edge lexi lusongelwe ecaleni ngaphakathi, ukuze msonto ayikho adibane inxeba. Kukho iimveliso ezifana ubungakanani ezintathu: amancinci - 14 x 16 cm, eliphakathi - 33 x 45 cm, ezinkulu - 70 x 68 cm.

Iimveliso ezincinci non-engenazintsholongwane ezitransparenti ngamacandelo-100 no-200. ngayo ibe nye. Kwamalweyile siphindwe igozi engenazintsholongwane ukuze iiPC-40. Iimveliso Non-engenazintsholongwane ukuba zifakwe kwi-avareji kweeyunithi 100. e pack. Abawaziyo - iziqwenga 10 eDibanisa. usula ezinkulu Unsterile ziqulathwe isixa lamaqhosha 50. uqiniseke enye. iimveliso abawaziyo eli qela - 5 ii-PC. belaphu ngalinye igcwele ngephepha ekulobeni. Kwi ilingana zibonisa ngokuyimfuneko ubukhulu, inani, igama umenzi kunye umhla wokwenziwa.

processing

Kokuvala zokubopha zonyango eyenziweyo mveliso ezikhethekileyo. Emva koko, ilabhoratri bacteriological ukuba avavanyelwe antibacterial. Ukulungiselela iyanxiba ukusetyenziswa ngakumbi yenziwa kangangemizuzu engama-45 kwindawo kwibhoyila ekhethekileyo. Iqondo lobushushu yangaphakathi 120 ° C. Emva koko, kuvuthelwa-in Bix lokunxibela. Le bhokisi metal abaqhubeka kubandakanywe. Ukuba Bikse lokucoca, ekuhlambululeni kufunda egcinelwe ixesha elide. Kulo mzekelo - kwiintsuku ubuncinane 8-10.

iimfuno Content

zokubopha Ukugcinwa nako kuthwalelwa kwiibhokisi ngomthi zibekwe kwindawo eyomileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo umoya, ekhuselweyo kweempuku kunye eluthulini. Iimveliso Non-engenazintsholongwane bavumelekile ukuba ibe kwigumbi okulala. Nangona kunjalo, iqondo lobushushu kufuneka kuzinza, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo. Kwakhona ufanele akuphephe ukufuma kunye ukuyilwa nomngundo, sande. Kuba lombutho ekunene umxholo amabhandeji engenazintsholongwane imfuyo kufuneka ukuba babeke phezu kwiminyaka yokugqibela le nkqubo. Ngenxa emva kweminyaka emi-5, ukuba ukuthembakala ekupakishweni ke ayohlulwanga, impahla kufuneka zihlolwe ukuba zikhethwe antibacterial. Ukuba Ibukisheni ivulwa okanye ogalelwe, imveliso, apho ibekwe ngaphakathi zingasekho ecocekileyo.