Rudolf Steiner: ngobomi bomntu kwaye iincwadi zakhe

Lethoba kunye kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini baba lenkundla kwimbali yoluntu. Kwabanye abantu iminyaka elikhulu wenze inkqubela enkulu kakhulu kuphuhliso yayo. Oku kusebenza kuzo ngokupheleleyo kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi, kodwa umdla ingakumbi phakathi zobulumko kunye izazinzulu ebizwa ngokuba ihlabathi ngokomoya. Ngeli xesha, ngokubonakalayo kwasekwa iimfundiso ezahlukahlukeneyo eyimfihlakalo kwaye isikolo self-lwazi, apho yobuntu wabonwa nje iseti inamacandelo ezilinganayo. Ezinye iingcali ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ezilahlekileyo ngenxa yokuthandwa kwayo, kodwa abanye baba nako ukungena ngokulungelelanisiweyo eluntwini kunye ngokupheleleyo ukuyitshintsha. Enye abameli ubalaseleyo kwinkulungwane edluleyo yi URudolf Steiner, ogama engobomi izaliswe iziganeko kakhulu ubukhalipha iimpawu lwekamva. Le ndoda ngexesha ubomi kwawavuyisa uvavanyo olungumxube koogxa bakhe, ngoko ke nqaku, asiyi kubanika uqikelelo semisebenzi yayo, kodwa ndithi nje wena ngale Isazinzulu ungaqhelekanga owayezama ukutshintsha ihlabathi.

Rudolf Steiner: A Biography. Ngokufutshane malunga main

Kwazalelwa yingqondi eOstriya, kwidolophu encinane Kraljevic, ngoFebruwari 1861, kwintsapho yokusebenza-class elula. Ngokunxulumene nemisebenzi kayise Rudolf Shteyner asoloko efuduswa ukusuka kwidolophu ukuya edolophini yaye zilawulwa esemncinane ukuhamba yonke phantse lonke elo lizwe.

Wafunda inkwenkwe kakuhle kakhulu, oko ngokumangalisayo smart kunye nabazali ukuba bathumele abantwana babo Vienna Polytechnic School, apho wafumana imfundo ebanzi kakhulu. Young happy uRudolf wafunda ngenzululwazi yendalo, inkolo, intanda kunye nembali. Cishe xesha, waba nomdla imisebenzi Goethe, ngubani waba nempembelelo enkulu phezu ubomi bakhe bonke.

Ukususela kwasebuntwaneni ekuqaleni, le nkwenkwe wafumanisa ubuchule bakhe izangoma, waza wabona kuzo isipho esikhulu esivela phezulu, ekufuneka kuphuhliswa ize isetyenziswe ukuze kuxhamle abantu. Kubazali babo kunye nezalamane phambi kokuba ixesha elithile Rudolf Shteyner fihla izakhono zabo, ukuze abangele bangena bephuma neemvakalelo ezingakhiyo. Kodwa lo mfana waye waphucuka rhoqo, intanda self-ukufunda, theosophy kunye nenzululwazi zobugqi. Lonke uphando wakhe Steiner waqalisa wabambesa ngohlobo leencwadi kunye namaphepha enzululwazi, eyaqala ngokuthe ngcembe ukuba kupapashwe eYurophu.

Ngowe-1891 wafumana ngesidanga Doctor of Philosophy kwaye iqala kunye namaphephancwadi populyaristicheskimi, ndithembe ukuba nomdla uluhlu olubanzi lwezimvo eluntwini. Ngelishwa, imfundiso theory and Steiner abengaphesheya ukuqondwa kunye nomdla ngabantu abaqhelekileyo. Kodwa uqala ukusebenza ngokusondeleyo theosophy aze okunene uba yinkokheli yoluntu. Lonke eli xesha, oosonzululwazi besebenza iincwadi ezintsha kunye nethiyori ye nenzululwazi anthroposophy, yenzelwe ukunika umntu ithuba lokuba ukwazi ngokwakhe ngokusebenzisa ezahlukeneyo zokomoya uthole iinkalo ezintsha sezingqondweni kwimbono yehlabathi. Le isayensi iye yaba ngumqondo engundoqo izazinzulu eziphuhliswe ngubani de ekufeni kwakhe Rudolf Steiner. Biography sobulumko onesiphiwo uthi umsebenzi wakhe nje kuphela kwiSabi zazaliswa iincwadi ezintsha kwi anthroposophy, kodwa usebenza kwi kwinkalo yemfundo ye kwencinane isizukulwana, ngeenkwenkwezi, ukwakha kunye nobugcisa. Kunzima ukuba igama ummandla intlalo yoluntu, nto leyo akunakuchatshazelwa yile ndoda ebalulekileyo imisebenzi yakhe. Kwaye ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba akukho theoretician, zonke iingcamango zabo, Steiner kusebenzise ngempumelelo. Wadala izikolo ezininzi, yenzelwe akha isakhiwo, kwaye kananjalo wabhala script waza wavelisa nemidlalo.

Rudolf Steiner wayedla emandiyenze ekupheleni zobomi ukubamba iiseshoni ezintlanu ngamini-nye. Umphengululi Omkhulu efa Matshi 30, 1925, eshiya inani elikhulu imisebenzi engagqitywanga ukwakhiwa kunye uluhlu olubanzi abalandeli, uyasebenza kwaye siphila kwinkqubo Steiner.

Kakade ke, ukuze uzive iingcamango ISAZINZULU, kufuneka bafunde ubuncinane ezinye umsebenzi wakhe. Aya kukunceda uqonde oko ngokwenene Rudolf Steiner ukuba ngokupheleleyo. Biography, isishwankathelo, hayi kanye oko kufuneka abafundi. Ngoko ke, siya kuzama ndinixelele ngale ndoda ephawulekayo zolwimi ngokunzulu.

Uphuhliso Intellectual of Steiner

Ph.D. ingqalelo enkulu isihloko self-zophuhliso njengomntu, noRudolf Steiner wayekholelwa ukuba wonke umntu unendlela yakhe kunye isantya intshukumo kuwo. Asimele ukuzithelekisa nabanye yaye zenze yongquzulwano lwangaphakathi kunye naye. Oku kuthintela ukukhanyiselwa kunye self-ulwazi, unxibelelwano olusondeleyo amagunya awongamileyo.

Steiner lenze iqela elikhulu izenzo zokomoya, elisekelwe kwindibaniselwano okulumba yamandulo, kweenkolo zehlabathi kunye neengcamango. Yena waba ngowokuqala kwimbali yakwazi ukuhlalutya ihlabathi ngokomoya ngoncedo yenzululwazi kunye neefomula. Isiphumo emangalisayo sisikhokelo ecacileyo nelifikelelekayo ekukhanyiseleni ingqondo kunye nophuhliso amakhono abo. Steiner wayekholelwa ukuba indalo nolwazi yayo yonke rhoqo esinxibelelana umntu, kwaye kufuneka zibandakanywe kule nkqubo, ukuze uzive ukuphelela ubomi. Kungenjalo, uya kuba ubomi bam bonke ukuba ngokulindela ukuxhala ukukhangela into emangalisayo. Enye yeencwadi zokuqala kulo mbandela, eyabhalwa uRudolf Steiner - ". Ulwazi siyibambe supersensible" Ngokuqinisekileyo hayi lokugqibela kolu ngcelele, kwaye eneneni uvule uthotho izifundo phezu kwelimiweyo yokomoya, nto leyo ngaphambi ukubunjwa anthroposophy.

Ukusuka theosophy ku anthroposophy: ihlabathi amehlo yingqondi

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, amaphepha enzululwazi eziliqela kunye neencwadi ezifumaneka iimfundiso ahlukeneyo Rudolf Steiner - anthroposophy. Kuyamangalisa ukuba umbhali ngokwakhe ngokuba "inzululwazi emoyeni 'ukubeka njengento bulumko entsha yoluntu. kanye igama imfundiso wabumba kumazwi zamaGrike ezimbini: "man" kunye "nobulumko", oko ukuxuma ukuchazwa komgangatho zonqulo-eyimfihlakalo kwaye zisekelwe phezu ulwazi umoya ngenxa yokucinga kakhulu-. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba inzululwazi abazahlulayo ukusuka theosophy, zithandwa kakhulu kwiinkulungwane elinesibhozo-yeshumi elinesithoba.

Theosophists ngenkuthalo bafunda unqulo zamaKristu, Ndakugqala iBhayibhile kunye ibali likaYesu kunye kwicala entsha ngokupheleleyo. Abalandeli Theosophy babekholelwa ukuba ukukwazi ukucinga kwaye bazi uThixo utyhila ukuba umntu intsingiselo ngokunzulu zonke izinto kunye neziganeko ezingqongileyo. Ngaxa lithile, uRudolf Steiner umdla esebenzayo kakhulu izazinzulu yaye yaba wayeyinkokeli Theosophical Society eJamani.

theory Theosophy ngokwayo isekelwe kwi-bulumko, izenzo zokomoya ubugqi kunye yamandulo. Kwaye phantse zonke Theosophists abantu abafunde kakhulu abantu ngenkuthalo bafunda imbali nenkcubeko yehlabathi. Ekupheleni yaba kakuhle kwaye ngenkulungwane ethandwayo yeshumi elinesithoba, Steiner wanikela intetho kwi Nietzsche kwisebe le Theosophical Society, kwaye okokuqala umsebenzi wabo.

Ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, Steiner uqalisa ukuba isebenze ixesha elifutshane ixesha azifundileyo ngaphezu kwamawaka amathandathu izifundo yaye babhala kungekho ngaphantsi kwe iincwadi kweshumi. Wazinikela ukuba abantu bazi ngcono ngolwalamano zeziganeko zembali kunye inqanaba lophuhliso ngokomoya kunye nezenkcubeko ngamnye ngokuzimeleyo lonke kuluntu luphela. umdla ehlabathini lonke umsebenzi sisazinzulu kwakucaca, kuba kungqamane umnqweno abantu ndzulu kakuhle iphela, zingasayi badumele ukuba bayinto eyahlukileyo ukusuka kubomi bemihla ngemihla, njengoko nisakuthi ngaphambili thaca yi umba unqulo. Umntu uzama self-ulwazi, yaye akukho nto ayeke naye endleleni. Phantse zonke iintetho Steiner esekelwe kumava akhe yaye ke ngoko ezixabisekileyo kakhulu kubafundi.

Owasungula le yoluntu, E. P. Blavatskaya, njengoko uRudolf Steiner wayewuxabisa kakhulu ngenxa ukumelwa babo kwiinkalo ezininzi ezinkulu imfundiso efanayo. Kodwa ngo-1913, ngezikhondo zamehlo phakathi iinkokheli kuluntu kwaye bulumko ubugqi liye lakhula, engavumelani ngokupheleleyo, yaye Steiner kunye nabalandeli bakhe wayishiya Theosophical Society, waseka intlangano yakhe.

umphakathi Anthroposophical

Ukufundiswa URudolf Steiner, ekugqibeleni ethathe imilo phantse nenzululwazi entsha oluntu kunye nophuhliso yayo, waqalisa ukuba abalandeli. Emva kwexesha elithile, i Anthroposophical Society iye yaba uhlobo lweziko apho inzululwazi wafundisa njenge material basis, nto leyo evumela usebenzisa ithiyori benze luvuleleke iitalente ezintsha, ulangazelelo kunye neenjongo. Steiner impembelelo sinabele kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu, nkqu eRashiya, waba abalandeli, ukuba aqhubeke nomsebenzi wakhe zenzululwazi.

Ngenxa anthroposophy Steiner kaThixo wakwazi tyhala uphuhliso pedagogy, ezolimo, kunye ubugcisa. Wadala i flow emangalisayo, ikwenza ukutshintsha kuphela umntu kodwa akuyo. Kananjalo ukuba kuziswe kwinqanaba entsha, ngenxa yokuba, ngokutsho Steiner, imvelo unokuba ngokomoya yaye baba nemveliso ngakumbi.

imfundo Waldorf: inkcazelo emfutshane

ixabiso elikhulu Rudolf Shteyner wanika imfundo yabantwana. Wayekholelwa ukuba imiphefumlo yabo zincinane ukungena kwinkqubo yemfundo ungaphezulu kakhulu onamandla negalelo kuphuhliso kunokuba ngalo mzuzu. Izazinzulu ziye uqalile umsebenzi nokudalwa theory emfundo esekelwe kwinkululeko ngamnye kunye nophuhliso ephambili iitalente zalo. Steiner wayekholelwa ukuba izikolo yanamhlanje ithathele ingqalelo icandelo yokomoya, yaye ngaloo ndlela miss isigaba ezibalulekileyo zezemfundo abaselula. Ekugqibeleni, ihlabathi wabona ingcamango yokwenene zokufundisa, ochazwa ekuhambeni iintetho, nto leyo iminyaka eliqela uzama ukubuyisela Rudolf Steiner - ". Imfundo nokufundisa ulwazi kwabantu"

Ngowe-1919, wabanika izifundo kwi lenkukhu e Walldorf Obumbe isiseko icala pedagogy. wonke Ivula ukufundisa isikolo Waldorf lwaqhutywa usebenzisa indlela entsha. Okwangoku ebefundisa khona indlela Steiner oluqhutywa ngaphezu kwewaka izikolo eYurophu.

Imigaqo ezisisiseko umphengululi pedagogy luphuhliso ngaxeshanye le ebizwa ngokuba "imiphefumlo ezintathu":

• ngokomzimba;
• ethereal;
• Astral.

Steiner waqonda ukuba njengequmrhu ngokuzalwa ngexesha elifanayo nalo mntu, kwaye kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo yokukhula kwakhe phezulu. Ngoko ke, indlela kuphuhliso kunye nokufundiswa umntwana kufuneka lusekelwe olu lwazi. Ngalinye kula maziko ajongene iinkalo ezithile zobuntu kwabantu.

E Waldorf izikolo akukho iincwadi kwaye kungekho uvavanyo zakohlwaywa, ukusetyenziswa ezininzi le ndlela isikolo ekhaya. De kube ngoku, izazinzulu zichasene malunga nokwenzeka nkqubo wezemfundo kwaye afikelele kwisivumelwano. Kodwa enoba njani isimo sengqondo ootitshala iimfundiso Steiner, akukho namnye unako abaphika ukuba imfundiso yakhe imfundo yinto eninzi ingqolowa obengo, leyo ingasetyenziswa xa zidityaniswe nezinye iindlela.

Ukuxelwa ubuKristu

Akwenzeki ukuba kwahlula imisebenzi yenzululwazi yokuqonda Steiner ngayo ubuKristu. Inkolo sobulumko ubugqi soloko ngaye, waba nako ukuwutsala, ukufana phakathi iintshukumo ezinkulu zonqulo, ibangenise eqhelekileyo. Ukongeza, phantse sisazinzulu ukusuka kwindawo yokucingela nenzululwazi yendalo kuye kwaba ubunyani iziganeko ezichazwe eBhayibhileni, kodwa wakwazi ukuba abanike ngombala owahlukileyo kancinane. Ngenxa yezi imisebenzi yezenzululwazi ngayo ukudala uluntu amaKristu, leyo kudala zaqatshelwa ibandla lamaKristu, yaye ngoku kumazwe amaninzi zehlabathi asinto intshukumo yonqulo esemthethweni.

Le ncwadi idumileyo ngalo mbandela, eyabhalwa uRudolf Steiner - "iimfihlelo Antiquity kunye ubuKristu." Yenza lo msebenzi lwenzululwazi wamnceda ezizezakhe ubuchule clairvoyant kunye contactee yokwenza nemimoya. Nditsho ebuntwaneni, lo mfana wabona umoya umakazi wakhe, wafa ngesiquphe. Wakwazi ukuthetha naye ukufumana unobangela wokufa. Okumangalisayo kukuba, ukufa kwakhe ngalo mzuzu abazali noRudolf mfana zange sifumane naluphi na ulwazi oluthembekileyo. Ukususela ngelo xesha, umntwana iphuhlisa ubuchule bakhe kunye namava akhe zokomoya isiseko imisebenzi ezininzi ngenzululwazi.

Society ngomdla umgwebo Steiner ubuKristu. Kwinkulungwane elinethoba kwagqitywa ekubeni ukwala phantsi kwempembelelo inkqubela zeteknoloji kunye nophuhliso ingcamango yenzululwazi unqulo. sobulumko ukusebenzelana nemimoya waba ngumntu wokuqala ngoncedo Inzululwazi ingqina ubukho amandla aphezulu.

Space and ngeenkwenkwezi: imbono Robert Steiner

Malunga nendawo ukoyisa wayo indoda idla wabhala Scientist Austria. Kwaye sinokuthi Rudolf Steiner ngeenkwenkwezi - kukho amagama njalo. Uthi sobulumko wanika kubaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso loluntu. Wayekholelwa ukuba imfuneko ukuzoba up ngeenkwenkwezi, esebenzisa kakhulu kuphela zemathematika unokuwatyhila sele usebenzisa bulumko nolwazi zembali. Kulo mzekelo, akukho hlungu kuba, ngokutsho Steiner, uphose nokuvumisa-langa, ngoko senkcubeko yoluntu iya siqonde ngcono zonke iinkqubo ezenzeka Umhlaba kunye nezinye iiplanethi.

Okumangalisayo kukuba, URudolf Steiner, Quotes malunga ngeenkwenkwezi leyo isoloko isetyenziswa yi izanuse ezahlukeneyo labavumisi, akazange athandabuze ukuba abantu kwangoku elizayo ziya inkosi isithuba. Wayethetha ngeendlela ezininzi ukuphuhlisa kwaye acebise ukuchaza ekunene, apho isithuba liya kuba isakhiwo unobubele ebantwini. Ngokutsho iimfundiso Steiner, inkqubela yezobugcisa kufuneka kwakhiwe iteknoloji eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo kunokuba ngokwenyani. Ngapha koko, kuyimfuneko ukuba usebenzise amandla iphela kunye kwindoda ilizwi layo bio-entsimini, kunokuba ukwenza oomatshini abatsha ephelisa izibonelelo-langa. indlela ezahlukileyo zophuhliso, ngokoluvo ISAZINZULU, osemthethweni sisiqalo sesiphelo ofileyo, engazisi nantoni na elungileyo, ukuba umntu, nkqu kwimeko ukuhambahamba esibhakabhakeni.

Architecture ne lobuciko umsebenzi Steiner

Enye wabaseki intsingiselo entsha kwimpucuko kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba yayinguRudolf Steiner. Architecture sele uthando ngokunyanisekileyo ukuba sisazinzulu. Lowo, liye laqulunqa izakhiwo ngaphezu elinesixhenxe. Ezintathu zazo zibonakaliswa amangcwaba kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, kwaye nethandwayo abakhi ehlabathini lonke.

Imisebenzi idumileyo ezimbili Steiner Goetheanum. Ezi ezakhiwe okungaqhelekanga zidibene yeqonga kunye isikolo yelo ukuya Anthroposophical Society. Okokuqala i Goetheanum wakha abantu ehlabathini lonke, iintlanga ezahlukeneyo ngaphezulu kwe elinesibhozo zaye besakha isakhiwo, nto leyo eye yaba yindawo bonke abo aspired lokuzimela ulwazi kunye nophuhliso.

Kwimizobo, Steiner wazibalula kakhulu umxhelo kunye ezibalulekileyo. Wadala eqingqiweyo kananjalo wabhala yaye kudlalwa imidlalo, waziqaba imifanekiso, ubukhulu becala kwindawo ngamaplanga, yaye akazange unendaba indlela ukwazisa imisebenzi inzala yakhe.

Rudolfa Shteynera negalelo kuluntu

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imisebenzi yayo Steiner wachukumisa Medicine, sesiseko igama elitsha, apho namhlanje isebenza ngempumelelo kwimarike ngamalungiselelo zendalo aphilileyo.

Ngaxeshanye, isazinzulu ukusebenza iteknoloji entsha zendalo, sinokuthi wadala kwezolimo biodynamic, engaquki ukubonelela imichiza isichumiso umhlaba. uphuhliso Steiner kule ndawo abantu nangoku. E Melika, iifama ezininzi biodynamic, leyo zithathwa nje eyodwa. Ngale ndlela, ukusebenza kunye nemveliso yezolimo kwandisa izihlandlo eziliqela.

Ngaxeshanye, isazinzulu ukusebenza kwi kuhlobo lweprojekthi zentlalo ezinkulu-isikali, leyo kuthiwa ukukhokela inguqu epheleleyo Outlook eluntwini. Ekugqibeleni, abantu kwafuneka ukuba aye kwinqanaba yonke omtsha wophuhliso uthembisa ukuchuma nokukhanya.

iingcamango-nzulu Russian kaThixo ethandwa kakhulu. Omnye abalandeli bakhe Pet Dynov. Malunga URudolf Steiner, wayedla wathetha iintetho zakhe, kwaye abaninzi imisebenzi yakhe isekelwe phezu izibalo ze-nzulu Austria. Impela "Slavic Steiner" lidla ngokuba kuye, nangona umsebenzi wakhe wayengekho njengokuba udumo kunye olubanzi.

Rudolf Steiner: Iincwadi

Ukuba unomdla imisebenzi yalo Scientist ngokungaqhelekanga, ungasoloko ufumana incwadi yakhe, abhalwe ngolwimi lula kakhulu kwaye ziyafikeleleka. Beginners kufuneka kakuhle siye maphepha alandelayo:

• "Lwezincoko ulwazi oluyimfihlo".
• "Ifilosofi Freedom".
• "Ngokuma, unqulo nentanda-bulumko."
• "Indlela ukukhanya."

Nganye kwezi ncwadi zibonisa ngokupheleleyo inqubo lombhali kunye abafundi izakuvula i kwihlabathi elitsha liphela, engaziwayo kunye angaqhelekanga.

Kunzima ukunika inkcazo Rudolf Steiner. imisebenzi yayo spodvigla abantu abaninzi ukutshintsha ubomi babo, ukuze nzulu misebenzi ayikho phantsi nayiphi na intandabuzo, yaye sisiseko ngcamango bulumko kusekho izazinzulu wamangaliswa wonke umhlaba ukuze ikwazi kwazo izibalo kunye nokusebenziseka obungaqhelekanga zenzululwazi.