Pskov-Caves Monastery. Emiqolombeni yamawa nasemingxunyeni Pskov-Caves Monastery

Enye yoonongendi nokusebenza inkulu eRashiya, ukuba iinkulungwane emihlanu imbali, yenye yezona yoonongendi ezininzi iziqu kweli lizwe - yiyo Pskov-Caves Monastery, owasekwa ngo-1473. Kubhaliwe ebekwe phantse kwi nomda Estonia.

History of the weemonki

Pskov-Caves Monastery wabonakala emqolombeni kufutshane nomsinga Kamenetz. Eyokuqala kubo okhankanywe yemihla 1392. Ngokutsho ilivo, babehlala iimonki ababaleka kumazantsi eli lizwe ukubaleka ku xanisiwa ka iCrimea nangezinto. Ngowe-1470, kulo mhlaba uYona indela, oyinzalelwane St. George (ngoku Tartu), wakha ibandla, leyo bamiselwe ngo-1473. Ngayo ngeenxa zonke kuye kwasekwa Pechersk monastery. In the Pskov-Caves Monastery ngenkulungwane XVI isixeko Pechora.

Ngemihla yakudala ukuba indawo senkangala, zigqunywe ngamahlathi luluqilima. Abazingeli Yiza apha, sabona umntu omdala oyindoda, ethandaza, oba kwelinye ilitye, weva kuculwa hermits. Ngabo akukho lwazi, kusekho igama nomcebisi yabo yokomoya - UMark. John, umfazi wakhe Maria (igama emishini wathabatha Vassa) noMarko baba abemi bokuqala kule ndawo.

Intaba isanti wemba uYohane Church of ungowokubongwa Virgin. Emva kwethuba Vassa wafa (egula kakhulu ngaphambi kokufika kwi kummandla Pskov). Simbi ne umzimba kamfi wangcwatyelwa emqolombeni. Kodwa lakhe elikhulu, le Ngengomso simbi wabonakala itsalwa emhlabeni. UJona lo umqondiso ovela phezulu. Wacebisa ukuba ngexesha zomngcwabo kukho into engalunganga. Ngoko ke Vassa otpeli kwakhona kwaye kwakhona wamngcatshayo ilizwe layo. Kodwa ke ngentsasa elandelayo kwenzeka into efanayo. UYona wagqiba ukushiya ibhokisi phezu komhlaba.

Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, ayithethi siyeke intshukumo lofefe emiqolombeni yamawa nasemingxunyeni weemonki. Kangangeenkulungwane eziliqela, ngeebhokisi kunye lendela obhubhileyo, ngubani wafa amajoni edabini, kwakunye abahlali tenements akufuneki ungcwatyelwe. Xa emqolombeni kukho ke necropolis ze nasemagumbini weemonki, leyo zizaliswe iibhokisi mnyama kwaye ezidilikileyo ukuya nasemagumbini. Akukho sebenzisa phi zimpawu kubola izidumbu.

azo kaJona

Emva kokufa mbilini Vassa uYona waqalisa ukuza abaphila. umhlobo wakhe osenyongweni kunye ngumamkeli uMishayeli indela entabeni eyakhelwe ngomthi ibandla uTheodosius kunye Anthony. Iyodwa into eyindoda kuye bahlabeka phantsi iiseli okokuqala nabemi.

Ngelishwa, isigodlo kungekudala Old phezu kwentaba, intaba isitsha abantu yoMyalelo Livonian. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVI, xa umphathi waba Dorofei, itempile kwagqitywa ukuya emazantsi entaba. Ngelo xesha nye wanabisa Church of kwingcinga, wakha ibandla umqolomba uTheodosius kunye Anthony. Ehlabathini okufanayo kwixesha IBandla lakhiwa ezingamashumi lamangqina Sebaste, kwaqalisa ulwakhiwo belfry of the weemonki. uncedo olukhulu kule ekwakhiweni yanceda Misyurov Munekhin - indoda efundile kakhulu, uhlonipha, owaba nako ukuqonda ukubaluleka ngobuchule Pecher.

umsebenzi wokufundisa

Munekhin umphathi kunye umxhasi Korneli. Xa Pskov-Caves Holy Dormition Monastery yachuma. Ngokuphawulekayo landa inani iimonki, kwabonakala ukuchwela, iiseramikhi, iindibano zocweyo ukupeyinta icon. Pskov-Caves Monastery sele ngaloo mihla ingaba nebhongo ithala yinzwakazi. Kwakukho Pskov indaba wesithathu. Caves beengqokelela ukuba baye basinda imbalelwano kaYohane IV Prince Andrew Kurbsky.

Le umphathi baxoxa uKorneli ukukhanya kokomoya - wenza iitempile engasezantsi Eastland, wathumela ababingeleli. Nangona kunjalo, imisebenzi yemfundo umisiwe ngenxa yempumelelo wamajoni amaJamani.

Ngu Ivan abangcangcazelisi Pskov-Pechora weemonki Wayengqongwe udonga lwamatye olomeleleyo. Woonongendi Church of the Annunciation, wenza amatye wamiswa. Kuba musketeers kaNdikhoyo ekampini, lowo ubephethe inkonzo esisigxina, sakha Isango St Nicholas Church, oludityaniswe ngqo ezinde zokulwa. Ngexesha i Livonian War, woonongendi idla abakhuselekanga uhlaselo entshonalanga.

Pskov-Caves Holy Dormition Monastery namhlanje

Le ojonge ingxondorha enzulu, ezinye ezigudle kumwonyo ngokusebenzisa ophuma umsinga Kamenetz, kukunaba iindonga Pechersk inqaba. A zizonke Ubude 726 leemitha, nezinyuko uyaphakama ziimitha ezimbini. Namhlanje wobukhosi nesakhiwo asi-9 kweenqaba ezinde. Ngembali yaso elide, i-Pskov-Pechersky Dormition Monastery imelana ngokuphindaphindiweyo kuhlaselo omkhosi Livonian, ikhokelwa ngu Stefan Batory (War Livonian), abalawuli Swedish - Charles XII noCarl-Gustav, Hetman Chodkiewicz (Poland). Imbali ngokubandakanyeka umkhosi woonongendi, nezigigaba edume abavikeli nesibindi layo - iimonki kunye abatoli, yaphela ebudeni Enkulu Northern War. Ngeli xesha imida yasentshona eRashiya bafudukela kuLwandle lweBaltic.

lokuya ezinkulu

Ukususela Mandulo, ubukho weemonki wayesazi yonke Great Russia kwaye, kakade, eMoscow. Pskov-Pechora eMonastri yaba yindawo yokuba lundwendwe wathweswa wabantu ezahlukeneyo maxesha. undwendwe rhoqo apha Ivan Grozny, ngubani baguquka umphefumlo wabo echithiwe Abbot Cornelius. Ngaxa lithile bawa ngumlawuli nokungathembani suspiciousness. kane batyelela Pskov-Caves Monastery Peter I. Umqeqeshi eqaqambileyo, nto leyo nangoku igcinwe woonongendi, wahlala kwimemori lolu tyelelo kule ehlala uKumkanikazi Anna Ivanovna. Ngowe-1822, ukhule apha, kunye Alexander I. ke wayethetha iindonga woonongendi kunye imboni uLazaro. On i uhambo oluya 1903 yayihanjelwe UNikolai II. Apha ekuqaleni kuka-1911 apho wathandaza neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya Elizabeth Feodorovna.

isigodlo indlu yenkonzo

Indawo yakade emotjhekileko isigodlo abazisa ngaphakathi kweendonga zexabiso icon. Isigodlo Pskov-Pechora, iifoto apho ubona kweli nqaku liye zonqulo ezintathu. Ngokuyintloko, le icon ye Virgin Mary oko kubonwa imimangaliso. imini umthendeleko wakhe kunyaka ngamnye ukuthatha ngaphandle umngcelele. Ukongeza, i icon ye uvakalelo kunye Protectress of the Pskov-Caves. ubungqina ifudusiwe encwadini yeembali baphiliswe ngokungummangaliso eziye wenza umbulelo ukuba ezi zonqulo. Icons zigcinwa Kwingcingane Cathedral kunye Cathedral St Michael kaThixo.

abadala isigodlo

Namhlanje, woonongendi, nto leyo ikhokelwe nguMfundisi UEusebius ugcina ngenyameko izithethe woonongendi, athobele imithetho kunye nemigaqo woonongendi. Kukho abantu ezimangalisayo kuphila. Abadala Pskov-Caves Monastery - umzekelo yokuhlonela lokwenyaniso ukholo olukhulu. It archimandrites Adrian (Kirsanov) noYohane (Krestiankin) - Legend yeCawa Orthodox nemizekelo ezibengezelayo ubomi emishini.

Saints of the Pskov-Caves Monastery kukuthi indima umfuziselo nje lendela ephilileyo woonongendi namhlanje, kodwa kuwo onke Orthodox amaKristu. Le nguMfundisi Mark, uMfundisi Vassa, uMfundisi uYona, ISityhi Dorofei, uMfundisi uLazaro, eSt uSimeyon.

isigodlo namhlanje

Namhlanje, amawaka abakhenkethi beze kule ndawo ubungqina indlu enkulu. lesikhumbuzo ezeMbali yokwakha, umdla omkhulu izazinzulu kulo lonke ihlabathi - yiyo Pskov-Caves Monastery. Iihambo ahlelwe apha arhente ezininzi yokuhamba ukusuka kwizixeko ezahlukeneyo kwilizwe lethu. Indawo ye woonongendi ezikhethekileyo ngokwenene.

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, woonongendi yangoku. Oku kwenza inkonzo. Ukuze uthinte ooAshera, abaninzi beza ukuya Pskov-Caves Monastery. Kufuneka apha, kananjalo, zinoku-odolwa. Mhlawumbi ayingabo bonke uyazi ukuba. Kufuneka - oku imikhosi engcwele, nto leyo eyenza umbingeleli ngokucelwa likholwa yena okanye abantu abasondeleyo kuye. Ziyacelwa mntu leNkosi, leyo ithathwa kunye nabefundisi.

Namhlanje kunokwenzeka ukufaka izithethe ukuya Pechersk weemonki phezu Internet. Ukuze wenze oku, ngenisa kwisiza woonongendi, nto leyo ichazwe ngokwenkcukacha indlela yokuyenza. Abalawuli zonke iincwadi zonke ababekhonza "amanqaku" kwaye bazipase umphathi woonongendi Archimandrite Tikhon.

nemiqolomba isigodlo

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, umqolomba netempile wadala Pskov owayesakuba umbingeleli John Shestnik.

Emiqolombeni yamawa nasemingxunyeni Pskov-Caves Monastery - enyanisweni, kumangcwaba weemonki. Inani ngqo yamangcwaba isekhona akuqinisekwanga. Kuthiwa wangcwatyelwa apha abantu abangaphezulu kwama-14 000. Kusekho akukho isiseko ngonzululwazi sokuba isenzeko, nto leyo waphawula kwimiqolomba kangangeenkulungwane: kusoloko fresh kakhulu kwaye lobushushu umoya usoloko rhoqo. Ukongeza, ivumba liyalahleka nangoko ukubola umzimba.

Izazinzulu baye bazama ukubaqononondisa lo mmangaliso iimpawu angaqhelekanga isandstone, onako ukubamba ivumba, iimonki bakholelwa ngokunyanisekileyo ukuba oku enxulumene ubungcwele kule ndawo.

Tours wemiqolomba weemonki yashiya nomvakalelo womoya onamandla kunene bonke onesibindi ukuya kubo. Indlela wachaza kuphela amakhandlela, ezijikeleze cwaka yokhaliso ... Ukuba ke yimonki okhokela le mbali, wathi ngezwi "eyoyikekayo 'izono zabantu kwaye ihlawulwa kubo, ayikho yedwa.

Phantse emnyango izinto ezingcwele emqolombeni Saints uMarko, uYona, uLazaro, kunye Vassa.

Diverge ukusuka emnyango, neegalari ezo ezisixhenxe komhlaba. Ibizwa ezitalatweni, apho iphangalele kwaye kwandiswa ekuhambeni kweminyaka. UDade ebizwa izitrato yesihlanu yesithandathu. Apha kungcwatywa ngayo neemonki woonongendi. IiPilgrims bangcwatyelwa kwamanye amaziko.

Ekupheleni kwizitrato usembindini emqolombeni kukho ikhandlela okhethekileyo. Oku Zazihonjiswe njenge itafile amancinane ekuthiwa uEva. ngoma (zemingcwabo) bakhonze ecaleni kwakhe. Kanye emva uEva onendawo enqamlezileyo enkulu eyenziwe ngomthi, ilungelo apho wangcwatyelwa Metropolitan Veniamin Fedchenko.

ehlala emqolombeni - indawo ayobe ekhethekileyo abangcwele, imithandazo baka- simanzi. Le lesikhumbuzo ezizodwa zobugcisa nembali.

Inkolelo emqolombeni etempileni

Nguwo ngezinyuko ngokubanzi. Ngentla komnyango obekwe umfanekiso Lady Lwethu Kiev. Ziphezu kophahla zeminye loonongendi, kukho ezintlanu izahluko evelele idlula. Intamo zinokuhonjiswa iintloko imifanekiso ezingcwele.

Enye yoqobo kunye ngaphakathi etempileni. It has ezintathu wokupasa ubude anantlanu - ububanzi. Bona ezahlulwe koomatshini kwakusembiwa kuyo, zazizaliswe izitena. Oku kudala sisonwabiso okhethekileyo. Igumbi kakhulu neliphangaleleyo, kusoloko kukho esekusithekeni ikona apho ukukhanya ezibane onokuwuthandaza.

Ezinzulwini isonto, ngasezantsi, kwindawo esele niche ngokukodwa axhotyiswe Mfundisi Cornelius.

belfry enkulu

Akukho kude Church of the nkkolelo main belfry okanye intsimbi inqaba, njengoko kudla ngokuba. Stone-isakhiwo, equka multiple ntsika, elimisiweyo uphawu ukusuka empumalanga nasentshonalanga.

Le yenye izakhiwo ezinkulu bobugcisa kolu hlobo. Le belfry iye kweminwe ezintandathu eziphambili kunye leyo eyakhiwa kakhulu kamva. Ngenxa it yakha ezintlu yesibini.

I neentsimbi Pskov Monastery - le yenye eziphawuleka kakhulu esikelelwe kuphela Pskov elizweni, kodwa Western eRussia.

ibandla sentlambululo

Yakhiwa 1670 kwisiza wetempile pre-ekhoyo kwi Annunciation. Cathedral Sretensky - isakhiwo esinemigangatho emibini ngezitena eyenziwe pseudo-Russian uhlobo. Ibandla ukwakweli kumgangatho wesibini. Isibingelelo unalo zinendawo ngundoqo esibingelelweni kunye yayigcinwa ezimbalwa encinane dyakonnika. Le ivaranda ngokwahlukana donga lukhulu. Kuye yolwazi ezintathu. Zonke ngeefestile ezimile nakwiingqameko. Umgangatho osemhlabeni itempile wambu rustication kakuhle.

Ezindongeni Koloni naseMpuma webandla Sretensky walondoloza imizobo, leyo ngokuphindaphindiweyo ibuyisiwe. iindonga eseMazantsi kwaye emantla ahonjiswe pilasters. Iindonga ezenziwe ngezitena, ngoko kokutyatyekwa ayiqabe.

lizama ukuvala

Ngembali yaso elide le Pskov-Caves Monastery soze ivaliwe iminyaka abangaphezu kwamakhulu amahlanu.

Kumaxesha Soviet, ngokuphindaphindiweyo iye izame ukuvala i Monastery of the Caves. Okuzibonela khumbula ukuba ngenye imini omnye ikhomishini kweza kuye isigqibo ukuvala. Le umphathi ndade ndaqhelana isigqibo amjulela ngumlilo otshisayo. amagosa ayikhuthaze, koko, ngaphandle amaxwebhu, ngokungxama lihambe.

Abbot Alipio, wadibana abameli kurhulumente olandelayo, wathi izindlu weemonki inani elikhulu yezixhobo, kwaye uninzi bezihambisa amajoni yangaphambili-line. Baya kukhusela woonongendi de umoya wakhe wokugqibela. Wabayala ukuba ukuthatha woonongendi kunokuba kuphela ngokusebenzisa umoya, nto leyo malaziswe ngoko nangoko yi kwisikhululo sikanomathotholo "Voice of America". Le ngxelo senziwe Commission engqondweni. Isimanga, kodwa ngale ngozi wasebenza. Kuba ixesha woonongendi Wasala yedwa.

kwiimeko ezinjalo, xa woonongendi ungaba okanye kuyaphula, ukuba lukhulu, kodwa lonke ixesha elithile ndlela ababengaziqondi, wahlala kungachukunyiswa.