Orion kwisiphekepheke ' ": incazelo, imbali

ufikile elizayo. zokuhamba Space and neenqanawa omncane, izitishi abantu kwi Moon noMars nangethuba kwabantu ixesha elide kwiimeko isithuba kuphinda kubonakale njengephupha. Impumelelo astronautics, ukuhlolwa kunye ezifunyaniswe zesayensi zamvanje benza ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane wethu, efana ekupheleni yokugqibela Internet. Ixesha ukungaqiniseki, uphuhliso ubuchule bokucinga leyinene zemali. Kwamenywa Iinkampani ngamazwe osebenza emasimini leeprojekthi zeteknoloji isithuba ukuhamba-hamba, unika ukutya ukuze uphuhliso banga yoyilo. Ziqulethe ubunyani unethamsanqa kwi yonke into. Iprojekthi indawo American isithuba inqanawa "Orion" luye lwenzeka ngokwenene. Kuyo, nezinye iiprojekthi, amathuba wokuhlola isithuba, kwaye ekubhekiselwe kuwo kweli nqaku.

ukuvulwa jikelele

"Orion" - inqanawa isithuba besizukulwana yakutshanje, elizimisele - ukuzisa abantu ngaphaya ukujikeleza koMhlaba. Ifakwe ubugcisa bale mihla capsule ngebhegi obekwe kwi kwisithuthi sungula Delta IV Heavy, uya kuwathwala abasebenzi oosomajukujuku ezintandathu kwaye ngo-2030 kuya kuthatha umntu iMars. Ezi zicwangciso avakalisa yi National Aeronautics and Administration Space (NASA).

NgoDisemba 2014 kwisiphekepheke "Orion" iiyure 4.5 wasala Earth orbit kwaye zisangena Ocean, ezingqina ithuba ekufezekiseni izicwangciso. Ubushushu isihlangu philisi kunye nenkqubo iparashute zavavanywa ngempumelelo. test Crash kuxabisa malunga $ 350 million, kodwa ayenelanga uuthemba uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe enqanaweni isithuba "Orion". Iifoto neevidiyo ixesha elide ahlala isithuba koonondaba kunye ingqalelo uluntu ehlabathini. Index lenyuka laya kutsho amawaka asibhozo kwirekhodi izicelo 18.300 labaviwa oosomajukujuku enqanaweni isithuba "Orion". inqanawa kokuqalisa umboniso abayiqokeleleyo ividiyo yokuphatha amanani irekhodi izimvo.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, eyona-kakhulu

Yayilwa ngomfanekiso kunye imfano "Apollo", le nqanawa eso isizukulwana entsha iziphekepheke multi-swi (Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle). Ukususela kwiminyaka yee-2000, swi ngenxalenye ngebhegi iziphekepheke eyenzelwe phantsi inkqubo isithuba yebhongo i US 'Constellation'.

Orion kwisiphekepheke ' "iquka capsule ngebhegi yaye igadwe kunye module nkonzo. Le philisi yenziwa corporation aerospace Lockheed Martin kwisicelo NASA. Module wayalelwa yi -European Space Agency (ESA), baza benza kuye Elucweyweni Airbus woKhuselo Space. Le yiprojekthi ebalulekileyo yamazwe ngamazwe obambiswano kwinkalo imikhumbi isithuba.

In olulodwa imithombo iinkcukacha isakhiwo kunye neempawu zobugcisa moya. Kuba umfundi elula lulwazi ngumsina luze lusithe echaza 'Orion' kwisiphekepheke. Uyilo kunye nokusetyenziswa "Orion" liye eziliqela iimpawu ezithile apho kuyo.

"Orion", "Apollo", shuttles kunye nezinye

Inkangeleko kunye nemilo efana njengezingxobo "Apollo" kwaye Russian "Soyuz". Yiyo le fomu kangangoko xa uphuma emoyeni kunye nentshukumo kuyo. Absorption ubushushu obugqithisileyo kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa i ablative ikhaka ubushushu, nto leyo lutshile phantse ngokupheleleyo ngexesha ize ibe lula indawo kuba indiza entsha.

Inkqubo yolawulo isekelwe olunye-core iziqhubekisi PowerPC 750FX, nto leyo eyakhokelela eendaba yokuzilungiselela ukuba "Orion" ayikho niziingqondi Smartphones namhlanje. Kodwa kubabhekisi phambili wachaza ukhetho lwabo iinkqubo kukuthembeka data ophezulu phantsi lokungcangcazela kakhulu, ukuhla ubushushu kunye radiation cosmic.

'Orion' kwisiphekepheke inomnye umgangatho ezintsha. Ngokutsho siseko iimodyuli nga mayiqhotyoshelwe enqanaweni nantoni na. Ngu-injini ezongezelelweyo ukuthutha amagumbi. Amajelo osasazo nangoko ngokuba oko "truck isithuba".

Mu kuya kwa nshita Space Shuttle, yakhelwe kokusebenzisa isiphekepheke, inqanawa isithuba "Orion" lixhotyiswe inxenye, njengoko inkqubo enamandla yenkuselo ukophula oosomajukujuku ekuqaleni. Le nkqubo sokuyivula ngokuzenzekelayo phezu iinjini rocket, babethwele liqembu ukusuka kwindawo uqhushumbo nokubonelela kokwehla ngokuqhelekileyo.

I 'Orion ": ekuqaleni

Le program, ebizwa ngokuba "Orion" wazalelwa San Diego ngo-1958 ezinzulwini bumabumela "General Atomics» (General Atomics). Abazali bakhe - yamachiza yenyukliya edume Frederick Hoffman, co-ibhalwe Theodore Taylor. Le ke abazibekela yona injongo, - cheap kakhulu kwaye kulula ukuphuhlisa iziphekepheke ekwaziyo ngesantya kufutshane isivamvo sokukhanya. Isiseko yeprojekthi yaba yenyukliya ukubetha rocket Uyadubula. Bathi bafuna indawo steel dubulo gumbi kunye nekhaka, ngoko nangoko uya kufika imiyalezo ethile izinga lokuhamba ukuya ku-10 000 km / s. iintlawulo wenyukliya amandla iprojekthi enye kilotons betekisi baphume emkhombeni liqhuma leemitha 60 ukusuka ikhaka kumathuba athile xesha.

I 'Orion ": indlela nzima

Elalenziwe a onobuhle ambalwa pushers ezinjalo, yaye sele ngowe-1959 kuvavanyo lokuqala kunye nosungulo ukufake ubude 100. Pulse Motor waqinisekisa ithuba flight bamxhasa. Ikhaka kwakhona uneenguqu izalwe, naphezu komhlaba, kwagqitywa ukutshiza grafayithi grease.

Le nkqubo yenzelwe kangangeminyaka eyi-12, kunye iindleko $ 24 ezigidi. NASA ayixhaswanga ke projekthi kunye ukuqhutywa zenyukliya, kwaye inkqubo yavalwa. Emva ngokungena 1964 yesivumelwano samazwe ngamazwe lokuvala udubulo zenyukliya esithubeni, emoyeni kunye neprojekthi umhlaba "Orion" wajika isihange.

Kuye emva kowama-2000 njengenxalenye yenkqubo yophuhliso iziphekepheke swi "Constellation". inkampani Development kunye nokwakhiwa umsebenzi Lockheed Martin. Iingqalo "Orion" iziphekepheke yaziswa ngempumelelo kwaye zisangena ngo-2014. NASA iye ugwetyelwe amathemba abo.

"Orion": ithemba ngekamva

NgoMatshi 2017, i-Congress US ngazwinye yavuma NASA mali ka $ 19.1 bhiliyoni 2018 - ngaphezu konyaka ophelileyo phantse $ 200 yezigidi zezigidi.

E Congress, lo mthetho uyilwayo sicacisa ukuba abantu kufuneka ibe phezu kobuso Mars ngo-2030.

Kaloku, amathuba iprojekthi "Orion" ziyakhuthaza, elikholekileyo ukufumaneka kwamathuba zemali. Uqale kwisiphekepheke nezijikeleza ekugqitywe ekubeni-2018, yaye kamva iminyaka eliqela ithathe umsebenzi swi. I-arhente busebenza ukulungiswa kunye nophuhliso lweenkqubo ezintsha.

amathuba technical

NASA akemi, uyigqale iiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo yokuhamba oluphakathi. Nkqu kakhulu lwekamva: Iprojekthi nanokorabley, self-ukuphiliswa naphi na kwi kumnyele, okanye laser iseyile.

Ukususela 1990, i-arhente uqhuba seminar ngophando kwicandelo ukuqhutywa indawo, apho yemvelo zibhetele iinjineli ingqalelo zonke iiprojekthi kunye nethiyori. Le nkqubo ifuna ukuba kwizixekoapho emzimbeni imigaqo amathuba physics quantum entlanganweni yokuhamba oluphakathi.

Le projekthi onomtsalane - kukusebenzisa antimatter njengomthombo wamandla ukuhamba intergalactic. Uluntu sele ifunyenwe anti-mba, nkqu wafumana indlela ukugcina ngayo. Kutheni ukundiza kuyo iinkwenkwezi?

amathuba Fantastic: umbhobho Krasnikova

"I-injini amagophe" ye Sci-Fi othi "Star Trek" ayikho kungummangaliso. Power Plant "Alcubierre injini" ngokuveza isithuba-ixesha ngaphambili nangasemva ayanda, kwaba kwakuthiwa. Ukususela ngo-2012, izinto ezinjalo izazinzulu Sydney University.

Ingcamango 'ixesha kwiqamza "lakhe Mikel Alcubierre epapashwe ngo-1994. Emva konyaka yemvelo evela eMoscow Sergey Krasnikov bathi malunga nesixhobo eza kunika umdla isithuba ngesantya ngaphezu isivamvo sokukhanya.

Le ugobile isithuba kwi "wormhole" esidalwe ngumntu. Ngokutsho ingcamango yakhe, lo usomajukujuku uza kubuya ngexesha elifanayo, xa bahamba uhambo. Oku kuya kwenzeka ngenxa eshukumayo iziphekepheke ngokusebenzisa imilinganiselo kunye egosogoso isithuba-ixesha.