NoKwenziwa ngokutsha kwezinto ebesezisetyenzisiwe kwephepha inkunkuma: ubuchwepheshe, izixhobo

NoKwenziwa ngokutsha kwezinto ebesezisetyenzisiwe kwephepha kwenkunkuma, iphepha inkunkuma leyo mlonyeni kakhulu umsebenzi namhlanje, ikuvumela ukugcina imithombo yendalo. Ukongeza, ukuqokelelwa nokurisayikilisha inkunkuma yamaphepha - ushishino, ngonyaka kuzisa ingeniso ngokuthe ngcembe.

Iinkampani ezinkulu, ukuzilungisa ngaphezu kweetoni kwe-100 "iphepha inkunkuma" nyaka ngamnye, hayi kuphela unikezelo yabathengi Russian, kodwa kwakhona kumazwe angaphandle iimveliso zabo kumazwe aseYurophu. Kunye nale mveliso ezinkulu ukuvelisa iimveliso iphepha ifayibha, kwilizwe lethu kakhulu ezisebenza ngempumelelo amashishini amancinane, kuqhutywe ngaphantsi kwe-20 amawaka iitoni zempahla isetyenziswe ngonyaka ngamnye.

Oko kuquka okutsha izinto eziziisekondari ekrwada lephepha? Yintoni ekufuneka ukuba ndiqale ukuvula mini-processing yephepha yam inkunkuma izityalo?

iphepha Inkunkuma: iingcamango Business

Kakade ke, ukusetyenziswa izinto zamabanga ekrwada - umsebenzi isengqiqweni ezibalulekileyo nasentlalweni. Kodwa kutheni kuluncedo ukuba umrhwebi ri iphepha inkunkuma? ERashiya, njengoko ehlabathini, ukusebenza kwakhona ukusetyenziswa izinto ekrwada kuphela Wamkelekile, kodwa unako ukufumana inkxaso evela koogunyaziwe benqila, kuquka zemali.

Enye inzuzo iphepha yokurisayikilisha - ukukwazi lokuhlela ishishini kunye utyalo amancinci ekuqaleni. Usomashishini linokuyiqhuba nje kuphela umjikelo opheleleyo processing, kodwa ukwenza inzuzo ngokwenza enye okanye kuphela eziliqela izigaba yephepha inkunkuma processing.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, imfuno iinketho shishini "iphepha":

• Ukwamkela (ukuqokelela) wastepaper, ilandelwe ukwahlula kwaye ngokuveza.
• Ukulungiswa oluludaka (processing akakhethi).
• Plant inkunkuma processing kunye nokuveliswa kwemveliso iphepha nephepha.

Acquisition (reception) kunye nokulungisa ifayibha

Yakha ishishini kwinqanaba lokuqala inkunkuma iphepha processing - isisombululo kakhulu elula engayi kufuna utyalo-mali ezinkulu zemali. Yimeko esifunekayo okuququzelela izinto ezenziwa shishino - ubukho omnye okanye ngaphezulu amashishini ezikhoyo phambili ifayibha.

Business processing lokuqala phepha iquka la manyathelo alandelayo:

• Collection (reception) yephepha inkunkuma.
• Ukuhlela nokucofa.
• Ukuthengiswa lwamashishini processing erisayikilishiweyo.

Indlela yokuququzelela ukuqokelelwa yephepha kwenkunkuma

utyalo-mali lokuqala uya kufuna urenta yokugcina impahla kunye nokuthengwa kwezixhobo - ndaba iphepha. umatshini Press, kuxhomekeka kumthamo, indleko ukusuka kuma-70 ukuya 500 lamawaka. Uqikelelo zoshishino ukulungiselela ukuqokelelwa imfuyo Liphepha kumele nazo zibandakanya iindleko zothutho: ukuthengwa kunye nokugcinwa iilori ukuthuthwa yephepha inkunkuma nezinto oluxonxiweyo ugqibile.

Okokuqala, ukuba bathathe unikezelo liqhawuke imathiriyeli amashishini ekrwada wenza processing of yephepha inkunkuma, kufuneka ukuseka imithombo esisigxina zempahla ekrwada. Oku kungenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo: vula kwaye wazise "collection point" iphepha zazo, ukuba ukungena kwizivumelwano neenkampani ezincinane kunye noosomashishini abanomdla ukuthunyelwa yephepha inkunkuma, wabeka izikhongozeli ukulungiselela ukuqokelelwa iphepha kwenkunkuma kufuphi amakhaya, izikolo, izakhiwo ofisi.

imfucuza yephepha Ilungiswe

Inyathelo elilandelayo - yokuhlela kwaye ngokuveza lo feed iphepha lesibini. Kweli nqanaba liqhube yonke imisebenzi yenziwa ngesandla.

Kufuneka ngenyameko uhlobo, zibakhethe zonke "non-iphepha" izinto - yokutyiwa kwaloo enamathelayo, cellophane, izinto kakuhle enyibilikayo, braces zesinyithi. Ngaphezu koko, zonke izinto ekrwada yohlulwe ngokweendidi ezintathu:

• iintsalela high quality (udidi A). Ezi ziquka emhlophe "ofisi" iphepha, iingxowa iphepha elimhlophe.
• kwizinga Umyinge (udidi B) - zonke ezinye inkunkuma, ngaphandle kumaphephandaba nekhadibhodi naluphi na uhlobo.
• iphepha libya (udidi B). Oku "wayisithelisa ngaphandle" iqela lesibini ndaba nekhadibhodi enokuhlaziyeka.

Emva ngokwahlukana, izinto iphepha zixinaniswe yaye wayinikela okutsha izinto zasesekondari ekrwada.

Ngokubanzi, eli shishini ngathi iphepha inkunkuma, oluninzi pluses. Indlala kuphela ezi ngexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu ehlawulwa yinkampani, ngokuthwala processing of izinto zasesekondari ekrwada. Okwangoku, iindleko avareji lwezinto zixinaniswe - ukususela 1000 ukuya engange 3000 ngetoni nganye.

ri Partial imfucuza yephepha

Ukuze ufumane inzuzo vetshe ingqalelo lo msebenzi khetho njengoko processing buso okanye lokuqala yephepha inkunkuma ibe yintlama, oko kukuthi, elungele ekrwada ukuvelisa yephepha eziphathekayo. Nenzuzo ubumbano onjalo kuba kwindawo kufutshane phakathi okanye enkulu Intlama nePhepha okusila, nto leyo ukungena isivumelwano sobonelelo yintlama.

NoKwenziwa ngokutsha kwezinto ebesezisetyenzisiwe zempahla ekrwada zasesekondari kwi yintlama iphepha kuthatha kuqhubeka ngokwezigaba eziliqela. Okokuqala, ephepheni umandlalo kangangexesha elithile emanzini. mass ukuha- Wawucolwa kwaye badlula ngesihlungulo - kwesi sigaba, ekugqibeleni kuhluzwa ubutyobo eseleyo emva kokuba ukuhlela. Ipete iphepha eyome kwaye iintsholongwane (ukuba kumgca yemveliso isixhobo ehambelana) kunye frother wompu. Ubunzima engumphumela licinezelwe, womile. Ubunzima obubangela, ekuthiwa ido- nakwesiphi kwisityalo processing.

Umbutho we workshop processing Lahlani

Ngako oko, ucweyo processing kufuneka uthenge umgca imveliso equka ezi zixhobo zilandelayo:

• kwamatanki Industrial ngokuba efunxa yephepha inkunkuma, ukugcinwa kunye ukuxuba amatanki.
• Iimpompo screeners.
• Izixhobo kweentsholongwane kwaye mhlophe izinto.
• Machine-amagwebu arhente.

Kakade ke, lo mbutho koomasifundisane yephepha inkunkuma processing ibe yintlama kufuna utyalo-mali kakhulu ngaphezu ukuqokelelwa nokulungisa of stock yephepha. Kuxhomekeka amandla kunye ilizwe wokwenziwa umgca ogqityiweyo ukuba processing of raw materials zasesekondari kwi yintlama iphepha kuya kufuneka ukuba uhlawule 500 amawaka engange. Ngaphezu koko, ezinye iindleko zokuhamba abasebenzi.

Kodwa ke ingeniso evela kwintengiso izinto ezigqityiweyo ekrwada liphezulu kakhulu. Okwangoku, i-ounce ngetoni nganye yintlama nganye isusela ukusuka engange-25 ukuya kwezingama-40 amawaka.

Umjikelo opheleleyo processing. Products ukusuka stock phepha

Ngoko akukho mfihlelo mini-izityalo nokuhlawulwa iphepha inkunkuma ibe iphepha kuyavuza ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kwindawo yokuqokelela paper inkunkuma. Noko ke, lo mbutho loo ishishini akuyi kuphela kufuna utyalo-mali enkulu ekuqaleni. Lungiselela i mini-mveliso iya kuba inzima kakhulu ngakumbi: nemfuneko yokuqesha abasebenzi, ukuqinisekisa ubonelelo liqhawuke omyinge ezaneleyo izinto, ukuba balungiselele imijelo nokwabiwa iimveliso zayo. Kukho kwakhona ezininzi ezifunekayo nemigangatho yokhuseleko kuba imisebenzi kunye nemibutho yabasebenzi.

Xa iimeko lweshishini emfutshane, izixhobo kunokwenzeka ukuba aququzelele imveliso kwamalweyile paper, iphepha langasese, ikhadibhodi, iphepha okwakhiwa.

Indlela ukuhlela i mini-efektri recycling

Umjikelo opheleleyo yephepha inkunkuma okurisayikilisha izinto zendlu kufuna utyalo-mali eliphezulu ekuqaleni kuba lubandakanya umbutho yonikezelo liqhawuke zempahla ekrwada, irente okanye kuthengwe kwiziko lwemveliso enkulu. Kwakhona kufuneka ukuthenga izixhobo ukuhluzwa yephepha inkunkuma ibe yintlama, kwaye umgca ukulungiselela ukuveliswa zemveliso yamaphepha.

Phambi kokuba uthenge izixhobo kuyimfuneko ukuze kube nokugqitywa nangoko ulwalathiso mveliso. Izixhobo kumgca yemveliso ekuveliseni ikhadibhodi kwahluka eziphathekayo ukusuka koomatshini ukulungiselela ukuveliswa kwamalweyile iphepha kunye namaphepha ezindlu zangasese. Ngako oko, ubuchwepheshe apho processing of inkunkuma yamaphepha ukuze aveliswe ephepheni, nayo kuxhomekeke ukuba izinto ziya kuveliswa kumlibo kwephepha.

Eyona ezingabizi kakhulu - umgca ekuveliseni 'obhityileyo "paper: kwamalweyile, iitawuli paper, iphepha toilet. Izixhobo, kuxhomekeka kumthamo kunye neqondo esizisebenzelayo lwemveliso, indleko phakathi engange million 1. Eyona ithuba iimveliso ezinjalo - kwabanga imfuno ephakamileyo rhoqo labantu. Kodwa kwakhona uhlawula imveliso kwephepha "ezingcakacileyo" ayikho fast kakhulu. Isizathu soku - ngexabiso encinane iyunithi nganye kunye nomphakamo ophezulu ukhuphiswano kulo mmandla kwimveliso.

Kokukhona kuya kufuneka ahlawule izixhobo ekuveliseni iphepha okwakhiwa okanye paperboard. Iindleko umgca ukwenziwa kweemveliso "ikhadibhodi" namhlanje luqala uphawu engange-3 million. Izinto eziluncedo ze olu hlobo zemveliso:

• Akukho mfuneko imfuyo aphuphe okanye kubuchwephesha bokudaya xa kwephepha.
• ixabiso kakhulu kakuhle iyunithi nganye.
• Ukuba nokwenzeka Ukuqonda kwamashishini ikhadibhodi ezingxobeni imathiriyeli amaqashiso ezinkulu.

Xa umbutho bolu kwezentengiso inkunkuma izityalo mini-processing channels iphepha nekhadibhodi kuyanceda kakhulu ngokukhawuleza, kwiminyaka nje 2-4.