Njengoko izondlo esetyenziswa yi umzimba?

Ngoko ke akukho mfihlakalo ukuba izondlo ukutya esetyenziswa yi umzimba, koko, kufuneka wemvula babo njalo. Kodwa yintoni indima abayidlalayo, yaye olunjani zokutya ziqulathe?

Kuzo zonke kukho ezintandathu iintlobo zezondlo ukuba umzimba womntu isebenzisa: amanzi, iiminerali, iivithamini, iiprotheni, amafutha, carbohydrate. Ezi izakhamzimba ephuma ukutya, ezisetyenziselwa ukugcina izihlunu ukuphila, uhlaziyo zabo, isizukulwana amandla umsebenzi ukusebenza komzimba kunye ummiselo ukutya. Imfuneko yokuba ebona ubomi, nge-arhente ngalinye lenza imisebenzi ethile.

Indlela of nokufunxwa izakhi umzimba

ukufakwa zokondla kwenzeka kuphela emva kokuba lwahlukane, kodwa kwelifunekayo kwifom ecocekileyo. I-enzyme kugaywe osalayo iindonga wokugaya, ukufumana kumlanjana igazi. Iiproteni, amafutha kunye carbohydrate unike umzimba amafutha ngohlobo calories. Amanzi, iiminerali, iivithamini bakhonza nokwakhiwa kunye ziphele izinto ayibalulekanga kangako.

amanzi

Le isinyibilikisi jikelele inxaxheba phantse zonke iinkqubo ebalulekileyo umzimba:

• Amanzi uyasondla iiseli, izivimbela kwabo emzimbeni;
• ohambisa izinto iihomoni onke amalungu;
• Amanzi kunceda ukuba aqhumisele ngamanqatha, ukuzilungisa iiseli amandla; ukusetyenziswa kwayo engumthamo eyaneleyo kunciphisa emnyama;
• iyazingenela izintso;
• yokwetyiswa inkunkuma umzimba output iimveliso kwenziwa i medium engamanzi.

Ukunqongophala kwamanzi ekugqibeleni kukhokelela kwekhono ngamalungu angaphakathi, ukwanda izihlunu adipose. Iiseli zobuchopho luqala ukuba nokunqongophala kwamanzi.

minerals

Izimbiwa lungahlulwa-hlulwa ibe ngamaqela amabini: macro-kunye Izakha. A imali eyaneleyo umzimba onoxanduva amandla kwenkqubo musculoskeletal, amanzi kunye nokulungelelana acid-base, ikhuthaza ambaxa iiproteni ukuba lipids, komeleza inkqubo luvo, njl Treyisa iziqalelo badla ubomi obuqhelekileyo ezifunekayo ngemali encinane, njengoko macroelements -. Kakhulu . Ukungabikho ngezimbiwa emzimbeni abangaphangeliyo umsebenzi ezinye izimbiwa.

Ukusetyenziswa iivithamini

Nutrients iiseli ezifana iivithamini zibaluleke kakhulu kwimpilo yabantu ngenxa yokuswela kwabo kukhokelela ukuphazamiseka iinkqubo pathways emzimbeni kunye nokunciphisa nezifo. Lo mba ubaluleke kakhulu kangangokuba abantu phila ubomi esebenzayo, kucetyiswa ukuba izakhiwo vitamin olongezelelweyo. Xa uhlobo yayo enyulu iivithamini ngemvelo, ngamnye kubo ikhona ezintsonkothileyo eziphilayo ezinzima, enyanisweni, inceda umzimba yokuzisebenzisa.

ukusebenzisa protein

Iproteni efunekayo ukuze ukukhula kunye nokulungiswa kwithishyu. Ukongeza, izondlo zisetyenziswa emzimbeni ngexesha ukuveliswa iihomoni, enzyme izilwa-buhlungu kunye abasabela eziqhelekileyo chemical.

Siya kudla iiproteni ukusuka inyama, inkuku, intlanzi, ukutya okuziinkozo kunye nee- mbotyi, ubisi, neenkozo zepistasi, namaqanda. Bona asidi acid, abuyisele eneji edliwe nokubonelela iinkqubo zeplastiki zomzimba. Imali ukwanda zokutya protini isincomo sazo ebantwaneni kunye nabasetyhini abakhulelweyo.

Njengoko amafutha zisetyenziswa umzimba

izondlo Essential, amafutha, esetyenziswa yi umzimba womntu ukuze ukufakwa ubuninzi weevithamini, imveliso yezamandla nokukhuseleka umkhuhlane. Kukho iindidi ezintathu kwamafutha: ifumile, monounsaturated kunye polyunsaturated.

iimveliso zobisi, inyama ebomvu, ioli nemozulu, kunye nezinye iimveliso ezithile equlathe izixa ophezulu namafutha; peanuts kunye neminquma zizityebi okunamafutha monounsaturated; soy kunye nemifuno oyile (sesame oyile, i-oyile corn, njalo-njalo), ziintshatsheli ezi amafutha polyunsaturated.

olu didi lonikezelo kwezondlo ubonelela plasticity weseli, kubuyisela kwakhona unxulumano ezifunekayo ukuveliswa kwamandla kunye nokuhlaziywa kumzimba xa uwonke.

Inxaxheba carbohydrate inkxaso yobomi yomzimba

carbohydrate ezilula kunye nezintsonkothileyo (monosaccharides kunye polysaccharides, ngokulandelelana) - kukuninzi afumaneka imifuno, iziqhamo, ukolo, amandongomane, njl Ezi izondlo zisetyenziswa umzimba, ikakhulu ukuvelisa amandla .. Inxaxheba Yindibanisela iiseli ezinento yokwenza kwamanqatha, ebavumela ukuba interchanged phakathi kwabanye. Enamandla umthombo carbohydrate yinto istatshi.

Luncedo microflora wamathumbu ifayibha indigestible idlala indima "phehla", ococa ukuba ityhefu. It is a imicu yemifuno erhabaxa, ezo carbohydrate ezintsonkothileyo. Foods isityebi ifayibha, kuphucula ukusebenza wokugaya kunye nemithambo yegazi, kwandisa kwinkcaso zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo.

Imisebenzi zezondlo esetyenziswa yi umzimba

Zonke izondlo esetyenziswa yi umzimba ngendlela ekhethekileyo, nangona lo msebenzi uphambili nga zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezintathu.

1. umsebenzi Construction, abuyisele ubume iiseli zomzimba. izinto eziluncedo ababandakanyekayo ekuzalweni okutsha wamalungu zangaphakathi nangaphandle. Oku ikakhulu iiprothini kunye neeminerali ezithile ezifana calcium, phosphorus, potassium, njl.;
2. Energy Umsebenzi: izondlo ezifana amafutha kunye carbohydrate, yaye ethubeni yesibini - iiproteni - esetyenziswa yi umzimba ukunika amandla ukuze afeze ukutya. kukhuthaza ukuba ukugcina ubushushu bomzimba ethile benza iintshukumo izihlunu, njl.;
3. Elawula umsebenzi, esebenzisa iintlobo ngeentlobo iivithamini kunye neeminerali. Ngoncedo lwabo kulawulwa ekudibaneni kwemichiza kunye nomsebenzi pathways amalungu zangaphakathi.

Kuba ukutya okunempilo kubalulekile ukuba agcine umlinganiselo zonke izondlo, hayi ukuba umlibale malunga intlanganisela ekunene iimveliso ezahlukeneyo.

Amaqela okutya kunye nexabiso amandla

Nutrients kwizidlo ziqulathe izixa ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba ukutya ekutyeni kufuneka zinokohluka.

Umzekelo, thelo zizityebi iswekile, iivithamini kunye namanzi; dessert sweet ukuba zifunxe ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokulinganisela angumthombo kakuhle amandla. Imifuno kufuneka ityiwe rhoqo, ngokuba ubuncinane candelo lwamandla kubo enesiqulatho sezingeni eliphezulu iivithamini kunye neeminerali leyo bajongene ukutya.

imifuno iingcambu kunye nokutya okuziinkozo zisetyenziswa umzimba njengomthombo onamandla wamandla, a lot of carbohydrate ezintsonkothileyo.

Inyama, intlanzi kunye namaqanda - wayenovimba "iibhloko zokwakha" zeeseli protein, kwaye ubisi kunye neemveliso zobisi eziphakamileyo kukutyeba, iiproteins kunye calcium, kunye nezinye izimbiwa ezixabisekileyo.

Ekubaleni ixabiso amandla lweemveliso zokutya usebenzisa iyunithi ubushushu-transfer - kilocalorie (kcal), okuhambelana amandla obushushu abaye bazincama ukuze ukuphakamisa iqondo lobushushu welitha 1 yamanzi Yek ka-14.5 ° C 15 ° C. Phantse zonke izondlo ezibalulekileyo bayabandakanyeka isizukulwana lwamandla thermal ukuba yokucolwa yokusabela kwemichiza umsebenzi izihlunu weentshukumo nokugcina lobushushu emzimbeni eqhelekileyo. Loo processing (ukwetyisa), iiprotheni, amafutha kunye carbohydrate ukhupha isixa esithile wamandla.

Izondlo kule nqubo yo- kudla

Isiqulatho yezondlo iiseli kuyimfuneko ukuba ukutya. Iproteni iyonakala non-stop kwaye kuhlelwe yi kwinkqubo yokwetyisa. Kodwa njani izondlo zitshintshiwe ngexesha phambili?

Kwezilwanyane nokutya yemifuno zonke izinto eziyimfuneko kweentlobo emzimbeni. Kodwa inyama yazo, ubisi okanye, umzekelo, isonka, akukho kwelifunekayo iiseli. Kuphela pre-unyango iqinisekisa kukufakwa kwezondlo. Iiproteni, amafutha kunye carbohydrate zaphukile amalungu sokugaya ibe amasuntswana elula apho kokuba uqambe kwaye ke isetyenziswe kwiinkqubo metabolic.

Iiproteni iqanjwa asidi acid ayiphakamisele baphuke kwayo lokugaya. Amafutha - inamehlo oluntsonkothileyo esidi okunamafutha kunye glycerol xa om-3: 1 molecule mnye. Asidi yahlukile, ngoko benza ukwakheka ngamanqatha ezahlukeneyo.

Kwincindi, starch kunye nezinye carbohydrate ezintsonkothileyo luqulathe monosaccharides, yonke ummeli ezaziwayo-kakuhle ezingenamandla ze apho glucose. Ezi izinto zikhangeleka kwitsheyini-athom carbon 6, kunye bathelela 'icala "oksijini yehayidrojini athom ngokwale nkqubo: 1 carbon atom ngu 2 1 hydrogen neoksijini. Ukuba H₂O molecule yamanzi abambelela kuyo, apho kwakukho igama eli qela iikhompawundi - carbohydrate.

Ngoko ke, ukuba amanzi, iivithamini kunye neeminerali zinokusetyenziswa liqumrhu ekwimo wayo njengesiqhelo apho ziqulethwe iimveliso, iiproteni ezo lwanamathela kwi ukugaywa yokuqala asidi acid, amafutha ukuba glycerol uyadinga acid, kunye namandla ukuze monosaccharides.

Umjikelo kokudla i mechanical (besila, ukuxuba, njalo njalo.) kunye nokulungiswa ukutya yemichiza (lwahlukane zibe kumacandelo ezilula). Ezi nkqubo yenziwa yi-enzayim ye-ukutya. Ngenxa yoko, kule amalungu umsebenzi owenziwe kwezihlunu inyama ezidalwe kwamadlala, ngokuba umsebenzi ofunekayo zonke efanayo izondlo ukuba sithetha ngayo.