Njani na ukuphendula umbuzo wokuba yintoni lesikhumbuzo?

Ngubani na kuthi kunye ebuntwaneni akazi ukuba yintoni na lesikhumbuzo? Memory Culture umahluko indoda zonke ezinye izidalwa eziphilayo emhlabeni. Ngenxa ukukwazi ukukhumbula elidlulileyo ukugcina amava koluntu ubomi kwaye ziphuhlisa.

Sekunjalo, a elula ezinjalo uqala, ingqiqo, njengoko ilitye, nayo kufuneka ichazwe. Siya kuzama ukuba ayinike kweli nqaku.

imiqondo kokuhlaziya

Ukuba uvula isichazi-magama, ngoko sifunda kuyo, ukuba ukufunda, eli gama liye iinkcazelo eziliqela.

Okokuqala, lo lesikhumbuzo ibizwa ngokuba into bezenkcubeko elilifa ngokwengqiqo ebanzi yeli gama. It esikhumbuzo okanye ubugcisa, okanye ukubhala amabali.

Okwesibini, i-lesikhumbuzo kuthiwa, nawuphi na umsebenzi wobugcisa, eliphethe memory of iziganeko ezithile (umzekelo, idabi kwi endle Kulikovo okanye Battle of Borodino) okanye abantu (ezikhumbuzo uPetros Omkhulu, Kutuzov, uLenin, Dostoevsky, njalo njalo).

Okwesithathu, kukho ezinqabileyo, adla nqgo kwamangcwaba kwabafileyo. Xa isiko lamaKristu yale phawu iba umnqamlezo, kunikelwa engcwabeni okanye ilitye kunye ngegama lalowo ungasekhoyo kunye nemihla yokuzalwa nokufa kwakhe.

izifundo Monument nje isayensi

Qonda ukuba lesikhumbuzo, inceda izifundo lesikhumbuzo inzululwazi yanamhlanje, nto leyo inika ingqwalasela eyodwa ixabiso efuziselayo imemori ubomi abantu. Makhe siqwalasele ngokweenkcukacha.

Olu phando lubonisa ukuba zonke izinto inkumbulo yenkcubeko kufundwa ngokukhetha imiqathango ethile bohlulwa babe ngamaqela:

1. Ngokusekelwe data typological izinto zenkcubeko lungohlulwa lube zesikhumbuzo yendalo, izakhiwo, imbali, inkcubeko kunye ezikhumbuzo zobugcisa, njalo njalo. D.
2. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, ukususa i data zahlulwe ezikhumbuzo ezinokususwa (ezifana imizobo, imifanekiso, njalo njalo) kunye nemihlaba (umzekelo, eSt kaIsake Cathedral e St. Petersburg, i Louvre eFransi, njalo njalo).
3. Kuba nokuphakanyiswa le ezikhumbuzo into zahlulwe eqingqiweyo, umhlathi loloyiso, zokubhiyizela ukubola sisikhumbuzo izakhiwo, kwakunye uhlobo oluthile ezikhumbuzo ezifana ugcino kwezixhobo zemfazwe (ikakhulu wayithimba), lo mpu, iinqwelo-moya, amatanki, kwaye ngaphezulu.

Yintoni isikhumbuzo? Ibali lika isenzeko

Nkqu ookhokho bethu waqala ukwakha zesikhumbuzo. Ezi ziquka nezakhiwo zamandulo ezifana iiphiramidi bamaYiputa, ukuba ndimngcwabe kubo imizimba ooFaro kunye neentsapho zabo, pre-lobukoloniyali iphiramidi Native American, zokungqinga ingcwaba kunye nezinye izizwe amadlelo.

izakhiwo ezinjalo sakhiwe ngokulula abemi Greece yamandulo neRoma, esebenzisa nabo ukuphakanyiswa kwabalawuli noothixo, yaye kukuzukiswa kweenkokeli zomkhosi.

Ephakathi eYurophu, kwagqitywa ekubeni kusekwe ezikhumbuzo kookumkani nokwakha neetempile zodidi, zona ezi ezikhumbuzo mkhulu uThixo uMdali.

Eli siko laqhubeka kungena yaseYurophu inkcubeko mihla siphila kuyo. Ngoko ke, ngamnye wethu uyazi ukuba yintoni na lesikhumbuzo, njengoko uluntu lwale mihla ingqongwe ezikhumbuzo emininzi zaphawula elidlulileyo.

Ezikhumbuzo abaci kwezopolitiko

Amaxesha amaninzi, ezi nguqu oluntu ukuya uhlobo olutsha kwiqumrhu loluntu sikhatshwa ukudilizwa ezinqabileyo zakudala zezithixo owayesakuba yezopolitiko kunye nokufakela ezintsha. Wabatshabalalisa, njengoko Ngumthetho, hayi ezikhumbuzo yamandulo, makamise kwiinkulungwane embalwa edlulileyo, kunye nemifanekiso yabo kuzukisa kutshanje kuphela.

abaphila khumbula njani kwiminyaka engama-25 eyadlulayo eli lizwe wabatshabalalisa ngempumelelo izinto zenkcubeko eqingqiweyo Soviet-era zaye sachithwa uLenin neqembu yakhe, yaye amatye kwindawo wakubeka eqingqiweyo yamalungu intshukumo White nabo bonke abo bachatshazelwa yi-iiBolsheviks.

Memory inkcubeko - kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba isenzeko wabantu, ukuba ayikho into enye izilumko wathi abo ukwakha ezikhumbuzo ukuze sicinge ngekamva. izakhiwo Memorial banike sonke isifundo yokuziphatha, ukuba abathwali amaxabiso athile kunye namasiko. Ngoko ke, mhlawumbi, ilitye lesikhumbuzo yenkcubeko baya kuba bephila de abantu abaphila emhlabeni.