Imizekeliso le ncwadi lwemveli Russian and Chinese

Kwihlabathi kukho umthombo ezimbini yamandulo wobulumko. ngokubanzi bethathwa ngokuba lwemveli, ubulumko uthumelo, kwiingxelo amafutshane, amabali kunye iintsomi, kwakunye neencwadi - yogcino yokuqala epheleleyo yolwazi. La mabini ayikwazanga ukuzisonga, ngoko namhlanje uluntu elinalo iincwadi ezininzi izafobe kunye amazwi inani elikhulu leencwadi.

Le ncwadi yomlando ku Russia

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba 988 Rus yamkelwa ubuKristu. Kule meko, kukho imfuneko yokuba eendaba ngokwasemzimbeni, nto leyo ungandiswa ukuba iimfundiso wokholo Orthodox ukuba wonke ummandla karhulumente. Ezo abathwali ulwazi yomthetho engcwele ubuKristu baqalisa iincwadi yakhutshelwa ngesandla nge ziimonki. A igalelo elibalulekileyo kuphuhliso iincwadi eRashiya usondeza abazalwana KIRILL I Mefody.

Ebudeni bolawulo Ivana Groznogo imfuneko inani elikhulu leencwadi lande kakhulu ukususela dami akhiwa abemi karhulumente (izinduna), ke, aye anda kakhulu. Lendela akazange abe nexesha ubhale incwadi, ngaphandle, kwathabatha ixesha elide kakhulu. Kule uqhagamshelo it asithathe izixhobo yoshicilelo. Owasungula le ncwadi eprintiweyo kweli lizwe kuthathwa Ivan Fedorov, owathi ngokomyalelo Ivan IV wakhululwa kuhlelo yokuqala ukushicilelwa i "kwiZenzo zabapostile."

Ukususela ngoko, le ncwadi yaba lophawu ebalulekileyo abantu abafundileyo yokuziphatha, bangena isithethe Russian kunye lwemveli: uhlobo olutsha yeengxelo - iqhalo ngale ncwadi.

Phantsi Peter I liyayishicilela ayisekelwanga kuphela umphathi amaxabiso zamaKristu. Kwakukho iincwadi wempangelo, ekwenzeni umsebenzi ukuzonwabisa. Kwathiwa iincwadi aziqokeleleyo, leyo bafundisa abantwana ekhaya kwizikolo ebhaliweyo. Nale ezahlukeneyo iimpapasho amaqhalo ngezi ncwadi yaqala ukuhlanganisa ihlazo olongezelelweyo. Ke lifike ekufundiseni ukufunda kunye nemfundo.

Le ncwadi njengophawu yokufundisa

Izaci nezafobe malunga ncwadi yafumana wakhe kwizithethe abantu Russian ibe ngumthombo wolwazi kunye nobutyebi lolwazi. Ngoko ke akukho ngozi kuba kwakukho inkolelo ngokubanzi ukuba umntu onengqondo ayikwazi ukuba njalo ngaphandle ukufunda.

Iincwadi zigxile kule nkqubo yemfundo, kubandakanywa iikharityhulam yamaziko emfundo, njengoko ingcamango "yoncwadi lwamandulo", ezingenakulinganiswa khona ukuba imisebenzi ngababhali ezinkulu ziye ukuba sele ilungiswe a medium ebambekayo.

Imizekeliso le ncwadi zimele kuphela nomfanekiso elipheleleyo eendaba njengento luncedo yokuziphatha kwabantu. Kodwa kwakukho Kwiimeko ezininzi kwimbali xa iincwadi kunye nemisebenzi ngalinye njengeyingozi, njengoko iimbono eziqulathwe ukuba zichasene neemfuno amandla. Umzekelo woku - "The Gulag Archipelago" inoveli Solzhenitsyn, nto leyo wakhululwa kuluntu kamva ngaphezu wabonakala ukusuka lusiba zombhali.

iingxelo Russian malunga neencwadi

Ixabiso le ncwadi isoloko kugxininiswa kwi intsomi Russian. An ukuvezwa kwale ithisisi ayanceda esithi: ". Gold ukuba kwenziwe emhlabeni, kunye nolwazi - kwiincwadi" Kulo kucacile ukuba ulwazi abantu Russian ikukunyasha zegolide ngexabiso, yaye incwadi elungileyo - yinto emhlabeni otyebileyo apho ebonakala zonke iluncedo kwaye ayimfuneko ukwenzela uphuhliso ngokomoya yaye yokuziphatha womntu.

Imizekeliso le ncwadi kuhlangene ngenkqubo familiarization kunye ulwazi oluthiwe thaca kuyo, oko kukuthi, ekufundeni. ERashiya, ngasendleleni, phambi ukupheliswa serfdom uninzi lwabantu wayengafundanga, njengoko abalimi ukuba akukho ndlela zemali ukuthumela abantwana babo esikolweni. Sekunjalo, lo mzekeliso malunga ncwadi nokuyifunda elikhuselweyo kwizithethe Russian, kudala ngaphambi kokuba urhulumente lwapheliswa nokubhala.

iingxelo Chinese malunga neencwadi

iinkcuba kwezilumko zonke East ayikwazanga ukuphepha isihloko ecaleni iincwadi. Izaci nezafobe malunga ncwadi uphethe indawo ebalulekileyo Chinese lobuciko.

iingxelo Oriental zingafani, izikweko ezikhethekileyo oluzama ebenza eziqaqambileyo ezintle. Nanku omnye kubo: "Incwadi Nedochitannaya - asifikeleli phambi kokuphela endleleni." Lo mzekeliso ugxininisa ukuba imisebenzi ukufunda - ubomi lonke iimpawu zayo kunye nemithetho, umntu kufuneka bathobele yona. Ukuba ukufundwa komsebenzi zingahlanganiselwanga esiphelweni, ngoko zonke izenzo zangaphambili balahlekelwe intsingiselo yazo uhlala ayicacanga eyona nefilosofi le ncwadi, umfundi uya kuba ngokupheleleyo nako ukuqonda ubuhle bayo. Ngoko ke, lo mzekeliso malunga iincwadi kunye nokufunda zizinto eziqhelekileyo kakhulu kwaye ezifanelekileyo e China.

iqhalo Russian malunga nokufundisa

Abantu Russian, Kakade ke, ubona imfundo ibe lulutho kubantu. Kwaye umthombo wolwazi le ncwadi, imbono "yokufunda 'yaye' ngokufunda 'kwi intsomi kazwelonke ziye zaba nye. Kungenxa yoko le nto eli qhalo uthando kule ncwadi rhoqo eziqulathwe kwezinye iingxelo ezahlukeneyo - in amazwi isifundo, "Red Bird perem kunye efundile" - ngenxa yokuba akunakwenzeka ukuba imfundo-self ngaphandle incwadi elungileyo.

iqhalo Chinese ngayo ukufunda

Kwakhona zo Eastern ukugxininisa ukubaluleka engakholelekiyo kokufunda ulwazi kwabanye ngokwakhe, ukuphucula ihlabathi wangaphakathi. Ngoko ke, China i- amazwi malunga iimfundiso kunye nencwadi - le ndlela ithandwayo iingxelo angqalileyo ezinjalo smart.

"Wena akuyi kuba ngokukhawuleza kwi ekufundiseni - ngaba ngenene miss it" - loo nto omnye umzekelo amazwi, nto leyo ekhuthaza-imfundo self yokuqala, nto leyo ke umncedisi ilungileyo - incwadi luncedo kwaye unika umdla.