Njani le uqhaqho? Ziveza, nokulungiselela kunye neendidi. Njani na umsebenzi?

Nangona kukholelwa ukuba umzimba - yinkqubo entsonkothileyo weMfundo, maxa wambi ngaphandle utyando ayikwazi ukukwenza. Kwihlabathi isilwanyana, ulawulo yokukhethwa yendalo - kusinda lowo ngubani onamandla, nempilo, obusempilweni. ubomi bomntu eninzi ukubeka loo imifuniselo. Ngoko ke, abantu kakuhle kakhulu kumzimba mathidala uqhaqho ukulungisa isimo sifo. Phambi kokuba wenze utyando, bahlaziye iingenelo neengozi, banikwe ithuba ukuphucula kunye nengozi neziphumo ezibi.

udinga

Isigqibo sokuba aqhube utyando kuthathwa ngenxa yesingqino. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba umlinganiswa othile - kuchaphazela umbuzo ulungiso umbuso sisifo ongeke kuyimfuneko - kwaye ingundoqo - iimpendulo kwizoyikiso ezayanyaniswa ne ingozi yokwenene kwaye kucacile ebomini. Ukuba ihlehlise imisebenzi enjalo yenzeka kuphela xa kukho intlungu isigulane.

Ekumiseleni iziboniso ngokuqhelekileyo nangoko banikwe ukugwetyelwa ukungxamiseka ngoncedo. Kweli nqanaba, oko kumiselwa kunye indlela yokuziphatha yawo. Kuthathelwa ingqalelo iimeko zokusebenza ke, ukufumaneka izixhobo eziyimfuneko kunye nezixhobo, ukukwazi phambili uphando, ukuthatha biomaterials ukwenzela uhlalutyo.

Nokuba ugqirha elo ngumntu othenjiweyo ukuba kuyimfuneko yaye kunokwenzeka ukuba benze umsebenzi, kufuneka afumane imvume evela kumguli okanye abantu abamele iimfuno zabo (zingqondweni, umthamo limited). Kwezinye iimeko, ugrogriso yobomi wesigulane, kwaye ukuba awukwazi ukubona umntu, ugqirha abasayi kulindela ukuba imvume esemthethweni.

ekuxilongweni

Ngokusesikweni, isigulane ngasinye kufuneka bangenele axilongwe oluneenkcukacha ukubona ukuba ungenza ukusebenza ngokungqinelana okukhomba ekhoyo. Kwiimeko jikelele, uviwo ikhomishini eqhelekileyo. Enkhubyeni wa vukati, isigulana ithi malunga ubukho okanye ukungabikho izikhalazo empilweni.

Neengxaki zempilo ezikhoyo ababelwe iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo. Kwezinye iimeko iya kuba elaneleyo lokuyenza bayigqibe i uhlalutyo igazi X-ray. In the enye - unokufuna ukuba iziphumo zeemvavanyo ezongezelelweyo, data ECG, uxilongo ultrasound, MRI, ngokuhlahlela ezithile.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba umgangatho yokulungiselela ipreoperative ze isigulane phambi utyando kunye zomzimba jikelele umhloli anesthesiologist. Ukongeza, khangela kukungabikho Izimo ezinxulumene isixokelelwano sokuphefumla, nemithambo yegazi, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo.

ubungozi

Naluphi na uphazamiseko kwi umsebenzi wamalungu kunye neenkqubo a eziphilayo kangangoko elithile kwi kumda kunye nengozi neziphumo ezibi ezingenakuguqulwa okanye ephule ezibalulekileyo imisebenzi yabo. uxilongo Modern neendlela zokusebenza ukunciphisa ukuba ubuncinane, kodwa kwakhona iinketho kufuneka ziqwalaselwe phambi kokuba enze isigqibo sokuba wenze utyando okanye maluphelele iindlela angqingqwa unyango.

Surgery isimiso - ukwahlukana yethishyu - busenza ukuba ubukho trauma nokomzimba kunye nasengqondweni. It lungabonakaliswa ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi, kodwa ixesha for recovery esiyidingayo. Nangona nokuzimisela lweengozi uzama ukulandela umgaqo ukuba utyando wayengekho iziphumo ezinobungozi - ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka athimbe nayiphi na ithuba ukuphelisa esi sifo.

iintlobo yokungenelela

Phantsi utyando kagqirha Masiqonde ukusebenza ezimbaxa kwisigulana (tissue bakhe kunye / okanye amalungu) ukuze kulungiswe urhulumente isifo okanye uxilongo yayo olongezelelweyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, kukho kuphazamiseka kwenzeka emva kokuvulwa ulusu engaphandle ngesixhobo okhethekileyo. Kutsha nje kukho ithuba ukusebenza nge izixhobo ezitsha eliphezulu-zobugcisa. ingasetyenziswa electrocautery, i-exposure wave RF, laser radiation, cryosurgery, ultrasound.

Ukwahlula operation elula ukuthi engenziwa ngokusekelwe kumasebe ezingalaliswayo, kunye nezintsonkothileyo, efuna izibonelelo ezizodwa (unit yokusebenza). Kwiimeko ezininzi, inani labasebenzi zonyango ziya kwahluka (ugqirha, abancedisayo, oogqirha, umongikazi, umongikazi).

Njani ukuncitshiswa intengiselwano of dislocation? Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ukwahlulwa ancedisana ayikho imfuneko. ulungiso karhulumente lwenziwa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa isixhobo ngotyando (sikhokelo manual).

Njani utyando

Surgery unokuthatha imizuzu okanye iiyure kwi a elula. konke kuxhomekeke kudidi, injongo, inkqubo entsonkothileyo. Xa kufuneka ukusebenza iiyure eziliqela, amaqela oogqirha abasebenza iiyure, ukuze oogqirha bakwazi ukuphumla. Kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo, kunokuquka ziingcali eyongezelelweyo evela ezifundo ezinxulumene nako, ukuba ngexesha inkqubo yokuqala ufuna ingcebiso ekhethekileyo kakhulu.

Eminye imisebenzi zenziwa phantsi zomzimba jikelele, enye - phantsi Ukubulawa yasekuhlaleni. Ukuba kumkhambo wokuba kancinane kwaye zezomzuzwana (okuwisa izinyo ehexisayo) ukusuka ndindisholo ibe ayiyomfuneko zizonke. Ubude lilonke ngoncedo kwakhona kuxhomekeke kwixesha nokulungiselela kunye neenkqubo lokugqibela. Kukho iimeko apho ifuthe ephambili kuthatha ngomzuzu, kodwa ukuba ufikelelo kwisiza kufuna ixesha elininzi kakhulu.

ubude kunokuba negalelo kwindlela utyando. Umgqaliselo - le liqatywe yenziwa ezincinane kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kodwa inikeza kwigumbi lotyando. Ukuba konke kuhambe kuhambelana neshedyuli - lo, kodwa iimeko badla esingenakubonwa kwangaphambili, iingxaki (ukopha, Njengokungeniswa). Kukho imfuneko yokuba ukwandiswa iintlungu okanye iintlungu ukuba kukuyeka belimele yesigulane, uncedo imivumbo, usebenzo lugqityiwe.

izigaba

Kukho amanqaku amathathu aphambili ebudeni zotyando lwentsebenziswano. Okokuqala, kufuneka ukuveza umzimba okanye kwisikolo esigxile kokuthile (ukunika ufikelelo). Oku kulandelwa inkqubo esisiseko enxulumene iintlobo ngeentlobo zazo kunye isixhobo okanye izixhobo (reception ukusebenza). Kusenokuba ezahlukeneyo zintsonkotha, uhlobo, uhlobo kunye nendlela sesichengeni. Kwinqanaba lokugqibela (output yokusebenza) yenzeka luyeke alimele ingqibelelo kwithishyu. Inxeba sutured ngci igcinwe okanye uwutshise umngxuma.

Umbutho lo utyando iqala kunye nokubekwa isigulane uzilungiselele (sanitizing) phezu kwetafile yokusebenza. Uphando ugqirha umisela indawo afuna isixhobo ukhetho random ulwamkelo ukufikelela kunye neziphumo. Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo ukusebenza ukwenza le nkqubo iya kwenziwa kuso nasiphi na isikhundla efanelekileyo, kwaye akukho mfuneko phezu kwetafile. An anesthesiologist kuthoba intlungu, Assistant inceda ngexesha ngoncedo, umongikazi ngotyando onoxanduva izixhobo kunye nezinto, umongikazi inika umgangatho olufanelekileyo ucoceko.

iintlobo

Ukusuka njani ukwenza lo msebenzi, phakathi kwabo ukwahlula nezolo zamabanga aphantsi kunye (emva iingxaki). Surgery inokuba ezinkulu, ezijoliswe ekupheliseni olupheleleyo ngoonobangela kunye neziphumo ezimbi okanye lokudambisa (isisombululo akakhethi). Ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba ukusombulula ingxaki kwenziwa yongenelelo zijoliswe ekunciphiseni imeko yomguli (zongenelelo lingaze).

Ngu gama kuba ezongezelelweyo (ngoko nangoko xa kufunyaniswa isifo sesalathiso), amakamva (kwisithuba seeyure emva kokwamkelwa) yesiqhelo kunye karhulumente yesiqhelo eqhelekileyo (ngaphandle ixesha elithile yokulungela nomonde). Kwakhona kuyenzeka ukuba ukwaba uphazamiseko ezinxulumene ukuphazamiseka ngengqibelelo izicwili okanye amalungu (igazi) kunye kwegazi (lithotripsy); ubomvu (ithumba) kunye aseptic (ezicocekileyo).

Ukususela lizwe umlinganiswa zizakubalulwa: Body kwisisu (peritoneum, Isifuba, yaba lukakayi) kunye umphezulu (kwesikhumba). Kwakhona: kwizihlunu ezithambileyo (imisipha) kunye namathambo (umlenze, resection). Uhlobo elaphini, nto leyo ibanjwa phezu indlela yokusebenza: neurosurgery, zamehlo, iplastiki njalo njalo.

Kuba uhlobo umzimba, oluqhutywa ngempembelelo abafumana kunye operative uqhaqho igama uzimisele. Umzekelo, i-appendectomy - ukususwa isihlomelo; thoracoplasty - ngokupheliswa azinaziphene, kwaye njalo njalo.

Yintoni ukwenza emva kotyando

Kuxhomekeka kubunzima kongenelelo, ugqirha yenza isigqibo malunga nokuba ukuqhubeka esweni isigulane. Xa inobulali, oko avunyelwe ukuba aye ekhaya okanye ithunyelwe esweni ingcali kweminyango. Ngaba ukudluliselwa kwigumbi rhoqo okanye iyunithi labagula kakhulu, ukuba ahlangule kwicandelo labagula kakhulu. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ukuba bachache ngokupheleleyo kufuna ixesha kwimeko yesiqhelo.

ukuze kuxhomekeke kubunzima kongenelelo, abe ubude ezahlukeneyo yaye ziquka uluhlu olubanzi zonyango: ukuyifundisa yokuthanjiswa, imithambo zokuthintela. Eli nyathelo ijolise ukubuyisela kwezihlunu atrophied emva kokuba alale ixesha elide, okanye, umzekelo, ukwandisa umsebenzi lwemoto welungu yonakele. Kwimeko nganye obekwe umsebenzi othile, nto leyo kunokuzuzwa ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo. Eyona njongo ephambili - ukubuyiselwa imisebenzi umzimba ukuqinisekisa ubomi obuqhelekileyo.