Bastille namhlanje kuhlangene ezinxulumene ne-French Revolution. Emva konyaka we Bastille yaba ekuqaleni yokutshintsha epochal kweli lizwe. Kwaye nkqu nje kuphela eFransi, kodwa kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Ke yena wathatha Bastille? Kutheni kubalulekile kakhulu kwaye yintoni na isiganeko ephawuleka kangaka?
ngumba revolution
abaphandi abaninzi imbali, ukufunda okanye ukuba iziganeko mbuso, njalo ukuzama ukubona iiseti ezimbini yezizathu: inzuzo kumaqela athile zentlalo apha kweli lizwe kunye neemeko ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo akuvumelekanga ukuba uthwale ngaphandle ukuguqulwa. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVIII France yaba neNgonyama ngokupheleleyo, apho amandla kakumkani lusekelwe ingenalo novelwano kakhulu izixhobo karhulumente. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo enjalo nangoku eqhubela owayesakuba kwinkulungwane isiqingatha eyadlulayo, kuba kwithuba eliboniswe imbali yaye bavela asabela. Development of the iingcamango yiEnlightenment ixesha, ngokukodwa, iingcamango kwesivumelwano ekuhlaleni yomelo kwizakhiwo zepalamente, yakhokelela ungquzulwano phakathi kwenkosi kunye begazi, ebukhosini kunye noohlohlesakhe, abalimi kunye nazo zonke iiklasi ephezulu, ukuxhatshazwa kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba ekuthiwa-Old Nomkhosi okubangele ukuba achaze lisasalele emva eNgilani. iziganeko Revolutionary kwangoko ngaphambi nengxaki zepalamente kweli lizwe ngo-1787 no ka1789, zibangelwa kuneemfuno Estate yesiThathu (okt ngaphantsi) amalungelo ezinkulu yezopolitiko (for ukuba ufunyenwe-96% yabemi). Ukuzama ukumkani liyichithe iNdibano neqela ngokusesikweni ngokusesikweni intshukumo abantu baseRoma.
Ngubani wathatha Bastille? Yaye kutheni oko kuyimfuneko?
uxabana Ubunzima kunye umkhosi abantu baqala July 12, ka1789. Udlame lwaqhubeka e Paris iintsuku ezimbini ezilandelayo. I Bastille yintolongo kwezopolitiko, engumqondiso zenkohlakalo korhulumente yasebukhosini ngelo xesha nxamnye nabo nobuganga ukuthetha ngokuchasene nayo. Bastille yenye iisimboli eziphambili ze-revolution - kumzabalazo wokulwa despotism monarchical. Noko ke, abo bathabatha Bastille, Ngokuqinisekileyo bamangaliswa kakhulu. Kweli nqanaba, zibe sixhenxe kuphela amabanjwa zigcinwa entolongweni. Nangona kunjalo, lo obalulekileyo yaba kukuba yokuwa yale nqaba.
iziphumo revolution
NgoAgasti ka1789 ukuba eyamkelwa French Declaration of Human Rights kunye ngummi. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, okokuqala kwimbali yaseFransi (kunye yesine kwimbali Europe) uye zavunywa-siseko. Ngokutsho ukulinganisela, i-revolution kwaqhubeka de 1794, okuyiphatha xa phandle Reaction Thermidorian, nya i Jacobin lozwilakhe Maksimiliana Robespera, kwelinye - de 1799, xa kwakukho ubhedu entsha, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni amandla uNapoleon Bonaparte. Ngelishwa, akuhlali Revolution kukhokelela kwiziphumo ezinqwenelekayo ngenxa yabantu. Kwaye iziqhamo ayisoloko ke zamandla okuqhuba. Ngoko abo yathabatha Bastille, yaye abazange bayifumane ezinqwenelekayo. Sele iminyaka engamashumi amane emva kokuba isiganeko sele wasibuyisa kwetrone ababekwe ngayo Bourbons. Nangona kunjalo, abantu yaseFransi (kwaye sele yonke iYurophu) yaba amava ngempumelelo xa siqhubana nabasemagunyeni uyakhulula. Okulandelayo French Revolution kwenzeka sele 1848 kwaye liye lasasazeka kwilizwekazi liphela. Ezi iintshukumo wanikela ekuqaleni oko Paris. Bastille nabo baba luphawu efanayo. Namhlanje ngumhla yokungenisa entolongweni uzukile eFransi amanqugwala wesizwe, kwaye ngoJulayi 14 lubhiyozelwa qho ngonyaka ngendlela enkulu, ufana ekubhiyozeleni uSuku Independence.