Ngubani wabhala Pinocchio? Ibali Abantwana okanye bubuqhinga abanetalente

Ngubani wabhala "Pinocchio"? Lo mbuzo uza kuphendula uninzi zabafundi bayo yonke iminyaka yobudala abahlala kwindawo eyayisakuba yiSoviet Union. "The Golden Key, okanye Adventures of Pinocchio" - ligama elipheleleyo bali-tale ezabhalwa ezakudala yiSoviet Alexei Tolstoy, phezu sentsomi Karlo Kollodi "The Adventures of Pinocchio".

Ukusukela ekuqaleni tale Tolstoy baqalisa ukuphikisana - oko kukuthi, ukhutshelo, ukuchaza intetho ngamanye amazwi, translation, unyango zoncwadi? Nditsho wagxothelwa 1923-24 Alexey bagqiba ukuguqulela tale of Collodi, kodwa ezinye iingcamango kunye nezicwangciso bayithimba, kwaye izenzakalo isiphelo lobuqu wamthabatha kude kwincwadi zabantwana. Kuba Pinocchio Tolstoy wabuya kwiminyaka elishumi kamva. Ixesha wayesele omnye ubomi iimeko zitshintshile - wabuyela eRashiya.

UTolstoy wayesandul wahlaselwa yintliziyo waza wathabatha ixesha elifutshane ngaphandle yomsebenzi onzima kwi trilogy yakhe inoveli "Indlela eKalvari". Nezingaqhelekanga ukuthi, eqalisa ukuba balandele ngqo umthombo lwendaba, kodwa ekushenxeni kude kuye nakude kude, ngoko ukuba nguye owabhala Pinocchio, okanye iguqulwe kancincane Pinocchio, unako athi uze wenze zoncwadi. Umbhali akazange afune ukwenza imbali yabo ngokusebenzisa moralizing, njengoko kwakunjalo Collodi. Alexei ngokwakhe bakhumbula ukuba wazama ekuqaleni ukuguqulela i Italian, kodwa waphuma ekruqulayo. I wamtyhala ukuya kwakhono olukhulu webali S. Ya. Marshak. Le ncwadi igqityiwe ngo-1936.

Kwaye Tolstoy yenza Pinocchio kunye nabahlobo bakhe kakhulu eyahlukileyo kunokuba amaqhawe iintsomi malunga Pinocchio. Umbhali ebefuna umfundi ukuba uzive umoya emnandi, imidlalo, adventure. Ndimele ndithi, ephumelela. Ngoko kukho imigca ibali eziko, neengqayi yemizobo, ubudala, emnyango twisisaka, sifihlwe phantsi kwawo, isitshixo yegolide, apho ukhangela ngamagorha, yaye oko ukuvula ucango twisiseka.

Asikwazi sithi ukuba ngumntu wasentsomini unotshe moralizing ngamazwi. Nabani wabhala Pinocchio, kwakungekho wasemzini kubo. Ngoko ke, inkwenkwe ngomthi ifundisa iqakamba ukuphila kwigunjana Pope Carlo (ngamampunge!), Kwaye kukho intombazana Malvina, nayo leyo uvalela hero enetyala kwi kwigunjana. Yaye nayiphi na inkwenkwe, umntu ngamaplanga uzama ukwenza yonke into ngokwakhe. Kwaye ufunda kuphela kwiimpazamo zabo. Yiloo nto ingena njani ezandleni itshivela - Impungutye Alice kunye Cat kaBasilio - abafuna ziqu ngokukhawuleza. Le Field odumileyo Dreams kwilizwe Abamathileyo, mhlawumbi yeyona edumileyo nentsomi isikweko, nangona nje kuphela omnye Golden Key ngokwayo kwakhona okuthile!

Lwendaba Karabas-Barabas, exploiter unopopi ofuna ukufumana umnyango efihlakeleyo, uthatha amaqhawe emnyango efihlakeleyo, emva nto leyo brand new "Umbane" ngonodoli. abafo kwemini iphaphethi baya kufunda badlale ngokuhlwa idlala.

Athandwa iye bewile zikaTolstoy emangalisayo. Abantwana wazibuza owabhala Pinocchio, bonwabile ukufunda incwadi, yaye kuphela USSR iprintwe kwakhona amaxesha-148, oko sele iguqulelwe kwiilwimi ezininzi, amaxesha amaninzi kwenziwa movie. Kukhubazeko film yokuqala wakhululwa ngowe-1939, lo mboniso wawuqondiswa ngu A. Ptushko.

tale zikaTolstoy kubanga umdla abadala. Master stylist kunye umgxeki, umbhali ibhekisela Fonvizinskaya "ignoramus" (Pinocchio umsebenzi sifundo kunye apile), ababhali, owabhala umlinganiswa - yinto palindrome feta: "A rose wawa Umlenze Azor", ngohlobo Karabas-Barabas ukubona lumo into kwi Nemirovich-Danchenko, kwi-Meyerhold, kunye nento yokuba Piero ukhutshelwe Blok, ezicatshulweyo abagxekayo zoncwadi.

Happy ebuntwaneni Fudge eSoviet "Golden Key" kunye nesoda, "Pinocchio", ngoku ngaba ngokuba brand ethandwayo.

Kwaye kunjalo abantwana kunye nabazali ukufunda ukumana bephinda sentsomi esifundisa ububele ngaphandle akheke edinayo.