Ngubani othungayo? Siza kuzama ukuphendula!

Inyaniso yokuba ilizwi le-slang ligxininiswe ngolwimi lwabantu kwaye ngamanye amaxesha litshintshela i-intelligentsia alisayi kumangalisa. Kodwa ngubani othungayo? Leli lizwi livelaphi kwaye lithetha ntoni ngempela? Ngelishwa, izichazili ezichazayo zinika umfundi ulwazi oluncinane. Eli nqaku lenzelwe ukwandisa ezo nkcazo ezikhoyo. Kwaye siqala ngembali ...

Ukuzalwa kwe-fraera yaseRashiya

Ngubani othungayo? Leli lizwi libolekelwa zizigebengu ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ngaphambi kokuba amaJamani (i-freier - "umyeni") ngeYiddish (kwakukho amaYuda amaninzi kwiRashiya yezobugebengu). Ngoko okokuqala babiza abaxhasi babo abagcini beemfesane kunye nezihenyu. Kamva, i-Urkagans (izixhobo zobugebengu - izigqeba, amasela) zibiza amaxhoba abo-abantu ababonakalayo, abanomdla, ukugcina umthetho. Kungekudala, kwindlela, ezinye iinguqu zahamba: "prifraeritsya" (ugqoke nge-chic), "fraernutsya" (ngokungalindelekanga ukungena). Ukuthandwa kwegama elifunyenwe kwikhulu lemashumi mabini. Ngaphambi kokuguquka.

Ngaloo nto, ngubani ongumfana onqabileyo, owaziwayo ngokugqithiseleyo (amaninzi amaninzi) kunye nazo zonke izinto ezifanayo. Kwakuyinto eyakhayo ngokuloba kakuhle. Abantu abancinci (amaxhoba abaphangiweyo) bahlakulelwa ukuba baqeshwe. Ngethuba elincinci, ngokukhawuleza kwaqhamuka "kumyeni", owathi ebona umthandi, wavutha. Umdlalo wawudlalwa ngendlela enokuthi ixhoba libhubhise ikhekhe kwaye ayizange icinge ukuba ifake isikhalazo kumapolisa.

Gulag

Igama elibukhali elithi "fraer" liye laphila, kodwa sele lithetha intsingiselo ye "burdock", "ixhoba", "lula". Kwiinkampu zaseStalin leli gama lisetyenziselwa ukubhekisela kulabo abavela ephafeni bekunjalo kakhulu-abapolitiki kunye nokuthiwa ubomi bemihla ngemihla. Apho babizwa ngokuthi "amademoni" kunye "neengwenya". Abazange bajongwe ngabantu apho. Enyanisweni, ngenxa yecala labo - kude nezigebengu eziye zangena kumntu wendawo, abangazange bazi kwaye bengayiqondi imigaqo ekhoyo, banamathela kwi "sidor" (izinto, ukutya, amaqhina), ukwenqaba ukwabelana. Uninzi lwentlanzi luyenziwe ngabameli beqela lesetyunjwa. Babecinga ukuba banetyala ngokungekho mthethweni kwaye badelela i-rabble kwizigebengu. Kwakhona, i-blatari yayingabalimi abaqinileyo baseNtshona Koloni ("Bandera"). Inyaniso yokuba "ukuhaha kwonakalisa i-fraera", abaninzi beva. Kwaye le mzekeliso yahamba ngqo kwiinkampu ezifanayo zeStalinist. Ngendlela, i-Dovlatov "kwindawo" yakhe ichaza kakuhle ukuba ngubani oqhankqalaza, kwaye ngubani ocacileyo. Nangona kunjalo, amabanjwa avuma ukwabelana, kwaye akwenza ngokuzimela kwaye rhoqo, ahlala ngokuthula.

Kwakhona "kwaphangwa", "iphukile" ifrawuera. Bayazi umgwebo kunye nemithetho yezobugebengu kwaye abazange bazigxeke. Abantu abanjalo bahlonishwa yi-Blatari, ngamanye amaxesha babesaba. Kulo lonke, ubomi buhamba ngokwemithetho "isela liba, nomlimi uyalima".

Ukujika

Inkcenkcesha yehlabathi lamasela yaziswa yi "nto yemfazwe", eyaqala kwiibonda ezisaziwa ngowe-1947 kwaye yahlala de de 1953. Kwakuloo nto amajoni angaphambili aqala ukubuyela kwiintolongo kwakhona. Kodwa ngoku bazithunyelwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwicandelo labaphangi, kuba bebambe ezandleni zabo izixhobo ezikhutshwe ngabasemagunyeni. Kwaye lo "umthetho we-thievish" awunqatshelwe, kwaye udidi. "Uyi-fraera ngoku, ngoko wathatha le kylo waza waya kulima!". Ngokwemvelo, amasela abadlula phambili ayengavumelani.

Wafudumala loo mqathango ngesigqibo sikaRhulumente ukususela ngo-1947, eyafumana igama elithi "ezine ezintandathu". Ngoku ukubiwa kwepropati (zombini karhulumente kunye noluntu) "kunokuvala" iminyaka engama-25. Kwakunjalo ngokuchanekileyo le migqaliselo ebonelelwe ukuba ibuyiswe kwakhona. Amasela angaboniyo "athembekileyo", ezama ukuhlala kwiindawo ezifudumele ze "idiots" (njengoko i-GULAG ibiza ngokuthi i-rationers, i-brigadiers, i-cutters cutters), yaqala ukusebenzisana nolawulo, olwakungavumelekanga phantsi "komthetho we-thievish".

Ngaloo ndlela, imikhosi emitsha yajoyina abalindi beempi. Abacuphi beengcamango zamasela "ngamasela athembekileyo" babizwa ngokuba yi "bitches". Ukubulawa kwabantu kwaqala, kwaye ngokungabi namthetho.

Ukuqonda ukuba akunakwenzeka ukugculela "abalimi", "ama-shtymps", "iindlovu", "amademon", "ama-frayans", kunye nokuwaphuca iziqu zabo, ngaphandle kokuwahlazisa, "amasela athembekileyo" atshintshile amaqhinga abo. Kwakudingeka ukuphefumlela abanye ukuba umyalelo wesela awugcini nje kuphela, kodwa ulungile, kwaye uya kuhlala ukhusela. Ukungabi namthetho kuya kulandelwa yesohlwayo. "Umlimi" (osebenza kanzima) kufuneka athathe oko wayekade ekhishwe.

Ngaphambi kokuqala "kwemfazwe enqabileyo" bekungeyiyo ingqiqo. Ngubani othungayo kwindawo? Nguye ophelisa amasela aze amme. Ngoku "igqwetha" lihlawulelwe inzuzo yebanjwa, kuba ngumphathi. Le ngcamango yayiyilumko kunye nobuqili: ii-urks ezingenangqondo zihlekisiwe kwiingqondi ezibuthakathaka - abo banqumla iintloko zabo; Bathi bathatha "amathambo" enempilo evela kumdala - abanetyala babethwa ngamacwecwe; Umfazi wakhe wasweleka kwi "muzhik" - wanceda abantwana bakhe.

Kwakukho, ngokwenene. Kodwa "uzuko" lugqwesileyo kwaye luhlotshiswe ngeenkcukacha kwaye lusasazeka. Iziphumo zentshumayelo enjalo, ezinokuthi zenzeke ngoku, zifana nale ndlela: "umlimi" uya kukhawuleza abe ngumntu ongekho, kungekhona ukulawulwa, ngexesha elinzima. Kwaye baya kunceda. Ngokuqhelekileyo igama elinobubele. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kwenziwa. Yintoni eya kwaziwa kuphela yindawo yonke, kodwa nabahlobo abangaphezu kwemida yayo, kunye nezihlobo kunye nabahlobo bamhlobo. Umbulelo othi "muzhik" uqala ukwabelana "negqwetha" ngokwakhe.

"Fryer" - intsingiselo yegama namhlanje

Ngomhla wama-80 le nto iyatshintsha. Na makhadi. Lithetha ukuthini igama elithi "fraer" kuma-80s? Ulwaphulo-mthetho olusisigxina, umhlaba jikelele. "Ukunyaniseka (ikhalenda yexilongo) inqabileyo" - kummandla jikelele, kufuphi nesela. Uluntu lwabasela lizama ukucima ulwahlulo olubukhali phakathi kwehlabathi lolwaphulo-mthetho kunye ne "fraer". Kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuba abachasayo kunye nezopolitiko babekho "kwindawo ye-fraera" kwiminyaka yama-60. Yaye abo babe ngabantu abanamandla, abanesibindi, "ngokomoya" - iimpawu, ezixabisekileyo phakathi kwamasela. Ubani ophosa namhlanje? Indoda enentlonelo, umphangi omhle. Ukubhoboza ngoku kuthiwa "izikhonkwane", "lohs", "kufa", "futsans".