Ngubani na Norbert Wiener? Yayingubani le 'uyise cybernetics'?

Okwangoku, amagama "Internet" okanye "ikhompyutha" ayimangalisi. Noko ke, ukuvela oomatshini ezikrelekrele, abathi wathandwa kakhulu ukuze bafumane umzekelo enkulu ekwenzeni imathematika, okanye eze ukudibana kunye nayiphi na indawo emhlabeni, izalana ngokusondeleyo inzululwazi cybernetics. Kwaye ukuba nabani na uyayazi loo ndoda, "Norbert Wiener", "cybernetics" - la magama ezimbini ezinxulumeneyo. Yiloo nto abantu ukufanele ngokuba "nguyise" kwale nzululwazi.

curriculum vitae

Abaninzi abaphengululi-biographers kwi lo mbuzo: "Ngubani na Norbert Wiener", ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, waphendula ukuba - lo mzekelo iphawulekayo a mihla umntwana. Wazalwa uyise elizayo cybernetics eUnited States kwidolophu Columbia, ukuba imeko Missouri, ngo-1894. Uyise oyinzalelwane Russian Empire (kummandla Grodno). Yena a ofundileyo kakhulu kwaye kakuhle ukufunda. Wafundisa e University Harvard uncwadi kunye nembali iilwimi Slavic. Kungekudala emva koko, yena unyuselwe kwintloko yesebe.

Ukususela kwasebuntwaneni ekuqaleni, uyise womntwana lowo wayelungiselela zezenzululwazi umsebenzi. Mhlawumbi, bethabathela kwabaminyaka iminyaka emithathu, waba sele waqalisa umsebenzi wakhe zenzululwazi Norbert Wiener. biography omfutshane iincwadi ezininzi iqala kweli phakade. Xa ebesahleli umntwana akwazi ukufunda, ukubhala nkqu wanceda uyise ukuguqulela imisebenzi LN Tolstoy. Xa wayeneminyaka esibhozo ubudala, wayesele nako ukufunda imisebenzi wabe kunye nemisebenzi zikaDarwin. umbiko wakhe wokuqala wabhala kwixesha xa abanye iminyaka yakhe uya kufunda kuphela uphawu kweentonga nameva.

Hayi ngokwenene ngokuya kwiiklasi kwisikolo aphezulu rhoqo (eminye imithombo zithi ukuba ukungawuthobeli naye), le nkwenkwe iya ku kholeji isemagqabini, esiphela iimbeko ngaphambi kwishedyuli. Ngelo elinesibhozo, wayezithethelela ithisisi yakhe Harvard, yaye kamva iminyaka eliqela waba uprofesa kwiiyunivesithi eziliqela.

Xa ibali lobomi bakhe, lo mbuzo: "Ngubani na Norbert Wiener" ithi Isazinzulu yena yezibalo. Kakade esemncinane kubhetele ukuba isayensi yezibalo, nangona oko ke imiba noluntu imfundo indiva.

umsebenzi

Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba sisazinzulu - njalo unjingalwazi cwaka ngezibuko ngeenxa ehleli eofisini yalo kunye nabasebenzi ethile projekthi. Ngubani na Norbert Wiener, ngubani na? Le ndoda eyahlukileyo kakhulu ukusuka 'umgangatho "le nzulu kunye lwekhabhinethi. Xa ubomi bam, ixesha elizayo nangezimvo sisazinzulu encinane angenzi usebenze kwindawo yokwakha, yaye a zezixhobo mveliso, yaye kwiphephandaba. kakhulu ezifana ngazo umkhosi, kodwa ndagxothwa apho ngenxa yeengxaki mbono.

Uninzi yobomi bakhe wayitshabalalisa imfundo yabo, kunye nabanye. Usebenza ngexesha elifanayo kwiiyunivesithi ngaphezu kweshumi kumasebe ahlukeneyo. Ufundisa imathematika, logic, inzululwazi, uncwadi kunye Social Sciences. Ngelo xesha uhlola iilwimi zabo, iinkosi nokuba yaseTshayina Japanese.

theoretician

Ngubani na Norbert Wiener: Abantu umsebenzi okanye umphengululi-ingcali yale? wayibiza yena a theoretician okukhethwayo ndicinga ngakumbi kwaye ukudala iithiyori zenzululwazi, ebonisa iinkcukacha zabo. Kunye ne-nzulu American UClaude Shannon, ikhulela ithiyori inzululwazi yekhompyutha mihla.

Ngokuqinisekileyo wonke umntu wayeqhelene elithi "bit". Ngoko le ndoda kanye kwaye ndivela kunye nayo, ukuze kube lula ukuchaza ikhowudi yedijithali. A omninzi umsebenzi izazinzulu abekelwe kwinzululwazi yekhompyutha, theory amathuba kunye nothungelwano kagesi.

cybernetics

Kodwa akukho akhulelwe nokudalwa ikhompyutha esaziwa ehlabathini liphela loo mntu. Yintoni eyaziwayo Norbert Viner, yinto yokuba nguye owasungula into efana cybernetics. Yaba nguye owaqala ukuphuhlisa inzululwazi, leyo postulates ukuvumela ekudalweni basemoyeni. Scientist amelwe cybernetics njengethuba yokuguqula izakhono ezilwanyana, ukudala "iprogram yoqeqesho" neteknoloji.

Wiener ngokwakhe waqamba igama elithi, ndiboleka kwi iincwadi zabaphengululi zamandulo zamaGrike. Ngaloo mihla oko kwakuthetha "ulawulo wenqanawa", kodwa cybernetics Wiener similise "ulawulo smart umatshini." Wafanisa umntu ngomatshini, kunye indlela clockwork ukuba benzise amandla.

Incwadi ebizwa "Cybernetics" yakhululwa ngowe-1948 eMelika. Ngelo xesha, izazinzulu ziye iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu anesine. Nangona kunjalo, abasebenzi, njengoko abaninzi bathi, kucacile ukuba wonke. Ukuze ufunde le ncwadi baqonde oko ikuthethayo, kufuneka ube nolwazi olunzulu ngokwaneleyo kwinkalo yemathematika, intanda, ezobunjineli kunye neurophysiology.

Umntu 'ngaphakathi'

Ngokuqinisekileyo nawuphi na umdlali oza kudlala indima i oosonzululwazi Unehlombe yaye bathabathekile Ndingaboleka umfanekiso Wiener. A nerd eqhelekileyo kunye iiglasi kunye goatee, nzima yaye angenzi, ndingekho-nye xa eqhubana nabanye efunda ngokupheleleyo kwihlabathi zabo ngaphakathi kunye neengcamango.

Okuzibonela wakhumbula ukuba Wiener ngokufuthi shi iingcamango yakhe, nokuba alibale nalapho aya khona noko afuna ukuyenza. Ngesinye isihlandlo, xa sidibana naye nasezirhangeni, umfundi wathetha notitshala, uze emva koko wothuswa nguloo mbuzo: "Ngaba usakhumbula apho ndiya khona:. Ukusuka kwigumbi lokutyela okanye kuyo"