Neenqaba transmission Wooden: ifoto, ubukhulu, ubunzima. Ukufakelwa kunye nokulungiswa nezibonda yeplanga

Imo umgca ukudluliselwa lwale uhlobo lwefuthe isekela ezibalulekileyo ezisetyenziswayo. Kwiminyaka engama-100 kwezabelo ngamaplanga wahlala enye izakhiwo eziphambili lwelayini zothumelo ezihamba phezulu (VL).

Kuphela 60s kwinkulungwane yokugqibela kwaqala yokwenza ukumitha olukhuselayo. Emva koko chaza ukusetyenziswa ebulala banikwa, kodwa kakubi ukuba zizalisekiswe, ekhokelela piers ezibolayo. yenguqu kwande ukuya iintsika ufakelo lwesamente zange ukusombulula zonke iingxaki, ngenxa yokuba sifumene iintsilelo, hayi ezendeleyo iimveliso ezenziwe ngokhuni:

• brittleness on igalelo;
• amandla flexural amancinci;
• awachukumise;
• kwemisinga ukuvuza.

buhle

ezikhonkwane zomthi alisoze icinyiwe ngenxa ezilungileyo zilandelayo:

1. iindleko Low.
2. ubunzima Light.
3. Xa intsika ngamaplanga iwela, ubunzima apho amaxesha 3 ngaphantsi kwe eziphathekayo, oko oxhonywe iingcingo ngaphandle nefuthe "Iidomino", uphawu zeentsika enzima.
4. Kubalulekile kwiindawo nokonyuka ziintshukumo zenyikima.
5. Ngakumbi ukumelana imithwalo umoya.
6. Ezona mpawu eliphezulu Heating.
7. ubomi inkonzo ende kunye lemveliso ekunene (iminyaka ukuya ku-40).
8. Bona musa zifuna ukulungiswa ekhethekileyo.

ukushiyeka

Kunye ezilungileyo ukuxhasa ngomthi iye kuneengxaki.

1. nokwenziwa ukumithisa sinokuqulatha izinto eziyingozi leyo kwindawo yokusebenza (amafutha oyile, separafini, creosote, njalo njalo). kwisigcinakaliso Ingakumbi yingozi, neoli-based. Ukongeza, ukuba sengozini enkulu yomlilo.
2. Kwikhasi kufuneka zenziwe kunye ubukhulu efunekayo kunye Taper.
3. Iimveliso Quality ezifunyenwe yi ukusika ebusika, nokuzisula phantsi kophahla iinyanga ezi-6. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuphatha amaplanga kubola, ngoko musa ibole.

izinto

Prop LEP iinkuni akhutshwa imithi coniferous, apho intlaka ilondoloza yendalo kunye kubola. Imfuno inkulu nompleyini emantla, ukuba amandla aphezulu kunye luthambe. Iingxaki eziye iintsika eziphathekayo ngenxa ubu babo, uya ze qamba inkxaso ngomthi (photo ngezantsi - ukukhweliswa kweemveliso ezigqityiweyo).

Ukuze isicelo ukumitha okanye shale oyile creosote, kwakunye kwimixube eziqulathe nobhedu, chromium kunye esiyityhefu. Ukongezelela, ngenkxaso Ukulondoloza zilungiswa ngomlilo (retardants umlilo). Oku kwenza kube lula ukuba kungcwaba iintsika ngqo emhlabeni, ngaphandle concrete inyathelo-abantwana, nto leyo eyandisa sempilo sabo.

Iimveliso ezibaluleke kakhulu izifunxi abe pine. Ukuba iibheringi zisetyenziswa nespruce kunye larch, hlala kakhulu nzima.

Ukumitha ivumela izibonda ukuba ndimngcwabe ngokwayo apha emhlabeni. Kuphela apha kufuneka Ukongezelela ukukhusela iziphelo CAPS zokuzikhusela okanye paste. Kubalulekile phambi ukumitha ukuya kwiinyanga ezi-3 ukuya yome inkxaso ngamaplanga. Ukulungisa le beqabane of ufakelo lwesamente kukhokelela lwahlukane iinkuni ngaphantsi kwe amabhandeji ukusuka wire ngentonga.

Okubalulekileyo! Kuba nokuveliswa lwemihlathi ezisetyenzisiweyo inxalenye esezantsi komthi (lempundu) apho amasebe ngaphantsi kunye nesakhiwo eyohlobo olulodwa.

Ubukhulu namandla

ixhasa ubude 3,5-13 m kuxhomekeke ngobubanzi kwi phezulu (d) kunye ezantsi (D), ukuba la macandelo alandelayo .:

• ukukhanya: d = 140 mm; D = 160-220 mm;
• aphakathi: d = 160 mm; D = 180-235 mm;
• strong: d = 195-210 mm; D = 210-260 mm.

Kungasisalathisi ebalulekileyo amandla ezantsi yokubeka. Kuba log ububanzi 190 mm ukugoba iphezulu okwangoku 55 kNm, ngelilixa 240 mm - 95 kNm.

Iikhrayitheriya nokukhethwa zezibonda yeplanga

1. Njengoko elisetyenziselwa izithole eziphathekayo pine ebusika wasentla.
2. Kwinxalenye engentla Ebubanzini umhlathi ayikho ngaphantsi kwe-16 cm.
3. Njengoko sisombululo ukumitha kusetyenziswa CCA zolwelo.
4. Ukuxhomekeka lonke okanye inxalenye esezantsi sityalo uqhanyiswa noxinzelelo ka 12-14 umoya.
5. imingxunya kobuchule kwenze phambi ukumitha.
6. ubunzulu ukumitha yi-85% yabo umaleko engaphandle iinkuni - nxalenye (40 mm).
7. Inkqubo ukumitha igqityiwe, ukuba zenziwe umbala zizimvi oluhlaza. Ukuba omdaka okanye mdaka, oko kuthetha ukuba indlela alikapheli ngokupheleleyo. Umda kufuneka ibonakale log cut.
8. Usekela uthengiswe iiklasi C ₁ no C _3, kunye iseti epheleleyo zobukhulu.

Iimpawu ukumithisa isekela

Iintsika zomhlaba efakiweyo ngaphandle nje zisuka. Iziphelo ke buzane ngaphezu kokuba umphezulu ecaleni. Ngexesha nokusebenza kwabo egajelwe 90% lobume olukhuselayo. Ukuthintela oku, isiphelo phezulu sigqunywe uphahla eyenziwe ngesinyithi lobungakanani 250x250 mm kwaye emazantsi evaliwe izinto flat ukufuma kungenwa nto.

GOST 20022.0-93 iinkuni buzane inkxaso phantsi arhente olukhuselayo XM-11 kwi ityuwa owomileyo isixa 13-15 kg / m ^3. Ngokuthenga imithi kwizithuba, umele ufumanise ukuba iimeko aba, ngenxa yokuba ezinye iinkcukacha eli nani phantsi ngu 2 umphinda-. Asingabo bonke abavelisi zigcinwa ngendlela efanelekileyo iteknoloji lokuvelisa imveliso. Oku kufuna mbutho ulawulo olusemgangathweni, kodwa ingcali sinako ukuchonga oko abangaboniyo.

ixhasa iteknoloji production

Le nkqubo ibandakanya amanyathelo amane ezinkulu.

1. Debarking

Kumatshini ezizodwa liyasuswa phloem amaxolo. Kuphela emva koko buti iqale ukuba zome. Zabolonevaya iinkuni kufuneka kuchaphazeleka ubuncinane, kuba kubhaliwe buzane kakuhle magciwane. Ukuba umaleko phezulu lonke skived, inkxaso iyahlala yancitshiswa kakhulu ngenxa yokuba kuya kuba lula ngakumbi ukuba ezibolayo. Emva koko inkxaso ngomthi, imilinganiso apho bahambelana iimfuno, luhlelwe kuyo. Ezinye abavelisi bathela iyoma ngaphandle kususwa bast, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuba ukuthintela ngokuhlaziya kweenkuni. Ke bast isusiwe njengoko kuya kuphazamisana nenkqubo ukumitha.

2. Ukuqwayita

Dehumidification - inkqubo ende kunye namandla-kakhulu, nto leyo kuxhomekeke umgangatho ukumitha. Nedosushennuyu akunakwenzeka ukuba ityalwa iinkuni. Ukufuma kufuneka ukuya kwinqanaba ka-28%. Iyoma eziveliswe ngokwendalo kwi ngokufumba (iinyanga 2-5.) Okanye air ezishushu emagumbini omiswe, nto leyo ujikeleziswe ngokusebenzisa fans (iintsuku 7-10).

3. ukumitha in an esisodwa

Ukwigumbi lwepolitiki, etsala ukufuma kwemfuneko. Ke ukungena kubola zolwelo ivaliwe, ebezikuyo xi egumbini bavuselwa 14 ATM. Emva kokuba isisombululo amanzi, yaye kwakhona kukho a cleaner. Best ukumithisa ukubunjwa - i magciwane CCA yemveliso eFinland. nabalingani Domestic ezenziwe inkunkuma mveliso kwaye ziqulathe ubumdaka ephungula ubunzulu machining kunye nokuhlamba nokuququzelela ngaphandle nokwakheka ngomthi.

4. Qengqela

Ukwakheka ukumithisa iqulathe izinto eziyingozi. Kwikhasi ukuba kweminyaka kangangexesha elithile. Xa oku kwenzeka ukuyilwa iikhompawundi ezingenakunyibilika kubola kubume iinkuni. Ubushushu zinokubazezi vumelanayo. Ukukhawulezisa inkqubo, inkxaso kunye esibaselwe umphunga kwi esisodwa. abenzi Canadian ngayo iinkuni izakhiwo ezizodwa, ngaleyo ndlela kwande phakade iimveliso.

HVL inkxaso

Ifaka izibonda ngomthi eziveliswa eklasini VL 3rd, apho wesiqhelo yokusebenza ombane ka-1 kV okanye ngaphantsi. Lisekela zixhaphakileyo eliphakathi iinkonzo ukugcina iingcingo. Ukongeza, babona imithwalo umoya, kwakunye izixhobo kunye ubunzima bayo. Ngokuzimeleyo, abakwazi ukumelana imikhosi eyenziwe ecaleni komgca, ukuba kukho na ikhefu. Le umthwalo kuthathwa kwindawo ye-ankile ixhasa ezikhaphukhaphu ezongezelelweyo ecaleni komgca ongu-projektha. Ngokusisiseko, baye kukhonza ukwenza ucingo nengxabano isabelo. Ukuqonda imithwalo osecaleni isicelo iankile ixhasa kunye indawo braces okanye "iinyawo" kwicala nkqo.

Kukho isekela emboxo ukuya imithwalo longitudinal and enqamlezileyo. ukuba Bazenza ukuzitshintsha kwemigca.

Wofakelo wenziwe pali ngqo ukumakisha iindawo, kwaye ibandla - kukho iinxalenye tight efanelekileyo.

Umsantsa apho notching kwenziwa, kufuneka ungabi ngaphezu kwe-4 mm. indawo yokuhlanganisa ambathe afakelwe. Imigodi yamba.

Ulondolozo nolungiso lee- pali

izibonda zomthi zombane kuxhomekeke ukuba sihlolwe ngamaxesha kunye nokulungiswa. Ehlotyeni, unzulu ne30-50 cm, khangela ubunzulu kubola. Ukuba log ububanzi-25 cm, kwaye Ukubola ngaphezu kwama-3 cm, loo nto ithathwa Asinakusebenziseka kwaye kufuneka kufakwe.

Kuncendile imigca, apho uninzi isekela ngamaplanga ifakiwe, ayikho ngaphantsi kwe kwiminyaka emi-6. Ezinye ukulungiswa olwenziwa ngaphakathi imiqathango ngokuxhomekeke kwizibonelelo ezifumanekayo.

LINGATSHA izibonda ngomthi kufuna imisebenzi yabasebenzi-ngamandla ukunciphisa kuyo. Phambi consoles yeplanga ubona macala umsele ubunzulu 0.4 m kunye nengca isusiwe elinamatyholo.

Iinkcukacha ezingaguquguqukiyo nezibonda umgca entsha yokusebenza. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba umthwalo kwezahlulo yefashoni, ngaphezu iingqikelelo.

Ukuba izibonda baphambuka nkqo ukuya ixabiso mthethweni, umthwalo olongezelelweyo kunokubangela inguqu ingcingo isikhundla kunye njengokubethwa okanye ngaphandle kwebala iinkcukacha. Le ukushenxiswa zenzeka ngenxa eziphango okanye ukupheliswa kwenkxaso isiseko isiseko, ukubana emhlabeni, iikhompawundi eziphango.

Khupha ethwele iintambo fixed ukuya yokubeka. Base dig ukuya kubunzulu 1.5 m kunye nendlela yokuqhuba qinisa inkxaso. Emva koko umhadi balale kwaye ingene.

Xa yokubeka into ngokumileyo ngenxa bezikhulule welungu kunye umhlabelo, ukuba onokolula ngaphandle kancinane ngumtya.

On nedawo ebolileyo imvelaphi inyuselwa bandage. Phambi le Ukubola isusiwe nesigubungelo emva paste kubola.

ezonakeleyo baqinisekise amacwecwe yethutyana eyenziwe ngomthi okanye ngentsimbi, esebenzisa poluhomuty, nezitshixo zalo siyabophelela ucingo.

Iinkcukacha phambi kokuba kuyiwe kwingoma etshekishwa lokuthobela kunye parameters zoyilo.

Ukwandisa ubomi ntsimbi zilapha phezulu, kufuneka Ukongezelela uqhanyiswa ngexesha lokusebenza ngokusebenzisa kwe-. Inxalenye komhlaba kunye kwakufa inkxaso kunye iikhompawundi isithuba amabhandeji magciwane ebekwe. Kuqhuma phezu ntsimbi zilapha phezulu kunye nezimaphambili isicelo paste kubola.

Ngenxa yokuba ubunzima ngenkxaso encinane ngamaplanga, wokulungisa efunekayo kunqabile oomatshini enzima.

Musa lilungiswe inkxaso simahla kuzo zonke imithwalo yaye kuthengwe entsha ngoncedo nezixhobo ezizodwa.

isiphelo

pali ukumitha ngaphezu eziphathekayo, kwaye kwezinye iimeko bhetele, ngenxa ubunzima sempumelelo. Ngoko ke ngenkuthalo kusetyenziswa practice, ufuna umgangatho shishini. Oku kuya kumisela iimfuno efanayo kubo bonke abenzi, ngoko ke umgangatho isiqiniseko.