Gable kophahla: ukubala, iimpawu, kunye nemizobo design

Uphahla yinxalenye ebalulekileyo nasiphi na isakhiwo. Yayo njongo - nokukhuselwa isithuba lwangaphakathi endlwini, evela imiba engentle yokusingqongileyo. Le ithatha unonophelo lwako konke imithwalo kunokwenzeka zangaphandle isasaze ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke iindonga. Uphahla zingafakwa izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo kwizakhiwo. Kodwa ke athandwa kakhulu eRashiya, Kakade ke, kophahla gable. Kubalwe le design elula. Izinto eziluncedo ze kuyo zithathwa lula loyilo kunye nolwakhiwo.

The main izinto

Ndinibhalele zophahla, nanjengoko sele kubonakala ukuba umxholo wayo, ezithambekileyo ezimbini kuphela ibekwe kumacala omabini sakhiwo. Imiba ephambili yokwakha kophahla a yile:

• mauerlat;
• horse;
• ezisekele;
• iintsika kunye ezikhaphukhaphu;
• lathing.

Sakhiwe uphahla gable ngesiqhelo ekwi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. On a isikhuseli kwi iankile pre-udonga ukakayi mauerlat.
2. On yokubeka ekhwele ihashe.
3. Cwangcisa imiqadi kunye ezikhaphukhaphu.
4. ebhokisini Onyuswe.

Ngakumbi isakhiwo ngenxa sheathe igqunyiwe eziphathekayo, ngamanzi kunye yophahla sheets.

Kubalulekile Yintoni ukuqwalasela Xa uziyilela

Ngenxa yoko, isakhiwo uphahla gable elula kakhulu. Noko ke, le projekthi phambi kwebandla eliseluphahleni ukwenza, Kakade ke, kufuneka ube. Oku kuya ukuphepha inkcitho yezinto eziphathekayo ugcine ixesha kunye nomgudu.

Xa ebhala i umzobo izibalo uphahla gable zidla zenziwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• skate nokujikeleza engile;
• amacandelo ubude kunye nomqadi ukuze imiqadi;
• pitch phakathi ezisekele.

Ukuze kumiselwe ubuninzi ekunene ekwambathiseni, amanzi kunye nezinto nophahla, nabo kuya kufuneka abale ummandla stingrays kunye gables. Kuya kuthathelwa ingqalelo zonke ezi parameters ebese uphahla gable eliseluphahleni.

Iimpawu Limit angela

Ivela engile reyi kwaye uqale ukubala kophahla gable ukwakha indlu. Zixhomekeke kweli parameter kule kunokwenzeka kwizinto ezithile:

• ezikhethelwe ukwenza izinto sheathing kophahla;
• imithwalo umoya Kulindeleke;
• umthwalo ikhephu.

Kwimeko yokuqala kubhaliwe kuthathelwa ingqalelo kuqala zonke izindululo nomvelisi eziphathekayo. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, i-engile ubuncinane ukuthambekela:

• ngokuba metal iya kuba degrees 14;
• kuba izinto web - 5 - 15 c;
• ibhodi incence - 15 g;
• Ondulina - 6 gr.

Ngokuxhomekeke umoya kunye nomthwalo ikhephu amaxabiso mda skate ukuthambeka angle iqondisiswa iimephu mmandla okhethekileyo. Kwakhona iitafile ezizodwa ezisetyenziswayo kule meko. Ngokomzekelo, ngexesha imithwalo umoya onamandla ezithambekileyo kucetyiswa baqhathe - 15 - 25 degrees. Intabalala kwemvula kulo mmandla apho Wayakha ke indlu, phezu koko, kufuneka yokuxhobisa ayanyuka - degrees 45 ukuya 60.

Ezisekele uphahla gable: ukubalwa le engela ukuthambekela

Ngoko ke, ukuba amaxabiso umda bafunda, uyakwazi ukuqhubeka ekubhalweni ngqo kumzobo eliseluphahleni. Inyathelo lokuqala ke ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuze kube nokugqitywa indawo ephakamileyo enamathambeka. Ukuba uphahla gable yagqiba ukwenza indawo yokugcina esiqhelekileyo, phakamisa kakhulu ihashe ngaphezu kwenqanaba iindonga. Oku kuya konga kwi eziphathekayo. Ukuba uphahla ecwangcisiweyo kukuxhobisa igumbi lokuhlala (leyo enqabileyo), kuyimfuneko ukuba amakhele phezulu ngokwaneleyo. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo engile ithambeka yi-30 kwiindawo ezininzi Russia - 45 degrees.

Ukongeza kubude kummango ukubala ithambeka yophahla gable, okanye kunoko engile utyekelo emaphikweni alo, yaye kuya kufuneka icandelo ezifana ububanzi gable. Oko kumiselwa ngokulinganisa nje udonga elifutshane endlwini, ngoko ke kufuneka ukuba ukongeza kwiziphumo ubude uphahla. Okulandelayo, ubalo lwenziwa usebenzisa ifomula: n = 1 / 2l * tgA. A - i-engile kanye ithambeka, H - ubude kummango, L- ububanzi gable. Kodwa azikweli phezulu angela nga kumiselwa usebenzisa itafile Bradis zezibalo.

Ukubalwa ezisekele gable kophahla: ubude kunye cross-icandelo

Kuyinto ezi zinto kubume kophahla gable ezisisiseko. Bala icandelo cross kunye nobude imiqadi ukuba ngokuyintloko isekelwe kwinto yokuba i-1 m ² ithambeka kufuneka kuwa izinto ubunzima hayi ngaphezulu kwe-45 kg.

Uninzi lonke ibandla uphahla gable kwicandelo bar ukusetyenziswa 100 x 150 cm Ezo zincedisi Bekuya kuba kuhle ukuba eli nyathelo phakathi imiqadi kwi-80 -.. 100 cm Ukuba idrafti phakathi izinto ezimbini inika umgama omkhulu, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa imithi ziyatyeba. Nge njengenyathelo ezincinci, phezu koko, ibekwe imiqadi thinner.

ubude imithi uzimisele ngokuxhomekeke ukuphakama, ububanzi kummango le gable (umahlule ngo-2). Ezisekele kule ityala unxantathu ekunene ziya kudlala indima le hypotenuse. Ukumisela ubude bar kwi iwayini. Unga kwakhona ukubala ubude amaplanga mnye, ugxininisa nje phezu engile kophahla gable. Kulo mzekelo, uya kufuneka icandelo ngakumbi ezifana ukuphakama indawo ephakeme. Eli nani kuya kufuneka ukuba phinda nje i sine ye ekujikeni. Funda esi salathisi angakwazi Bradis itafile.

Ukuze kubangela ekugqibeleni japan Ungongeza malunga 20 - 40 cm kule nezixhobo zokukhabela. Ukubaxhobisa akufanele ngokuyimfuneko. Kungenjalo, kwixesha elizayo umsebenzi wendlu emvula iza kuwa phezu kweendonga zayo. Kwaye oku, kuya kunciphisa kakhulu ubomi sakhiwo.

ematendeni ngenxa imiqadi kufuneka ukhethe kuphela esemgangathweni. Ngapha koko, le isiqalelo uphahla yenethiwekhi. Imivalo ngezininzi amaqhina ayikwazi zingasetyenziswa emiqadini. Dibanisa ezi zinto ukuba mauelatu kwaye kummango kufuneka usebenzise kuphela iikona Isefu okanye izikhonkwane esemgangathweni.

Ukubalwa le ndawo kunye nenani ezithambekileyo izinto ezifunekayo

Ngaloo ndlela enze uphahla izibalo angle gable, ubude balo izixhaso cross-candelo. Kodwa ukuze kumiselwe imali ezifunekayo umbandela nesingxobo, kufuneka ukwazi okungakumbi, kunye nezalathisi ezifana stingrays ndawo. Kulo mzekelo, naziphi fomyula ingakumbi nazo musa ukuba ukuyisebenzisa. Phonononga indawo ye kwiziphambuka kunokuba nje phinda ubude umqadi phezu ubude besakhiwo.

Kulula ukuba ukuqinisekisa uyilo kunye nenombolo ezifunekayo izinto khazi. Umzekelo, xa usebenzisa izinto nophahla kufuneka kuqala ubale ummandla incwadi esongwayo. Ukuze wenze oku, phinda ububanzi ubude. Ngaphezu koko, le ndawo ithambeka wahlulwe ube kwindawo roll. Ekubaleni kule meko ke kubalulekile ukuba uthathe ingqalelo inani eliqikelelwayo layers nesingxobo. ukubala usebenzisa izinto sheet, ezifana yesinyithi okanye ibhodi incence nawo zaveliswa.

Calculation gables ndawo

Le inxalenye yesakhiwo eliseluphahleni ngokuqhelekileyo ivaliwe iibhodi. Ukubala uphahla gable gable kuya kufuneka imiqondiso efana kummango ukuphakama, ububanzi endlwini kweminwe. Emva kokuba izigqibo indawo yale yinxalenye yokwakha eliseluphahleni, iya kufumaneka ukuze kugqunywe inani eyimfuneko ngeeplanga. Ukubalwa kulo mzekelo, ngokomgaqo wokubala: S = 1 / 2ah, apho S - ndawo, yaye - Ububanzi gable, h - ukuphakama indawo ephakeme.

iingcebiso ezakhayo

Ukwenza stingrays indawo ukubala kunye gable, kulula ukufumana imali ezifunekayo izinto nesingxobo. Kodwa ukufumana uphahla sheets kunye neebhodi kufuneka ukuba usecicini. Ngapha koko, xa khazi kophahla zokufunda ubotshiwe ukuba bayasilela. Inkunkuma kwimeko enjalo ngokuqhelekileyo kunqandwa. Neebhodi Sika okanye amaxwebhu kakhulu ifana akusoloko ifunyenwe.

Main features uphahla gable: indlela yokuphepha iimpazamo

Ngoko ke, inxalenye lasekunene le projekthi kunye nokwenza zonke izibalo kuyimfuneko, uphahla kuya kuba lula ukwakha inokuthenjwa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuya eluphahleni ezithambekileyo ezimbini okuhlala, izikhokelo ezithile kufuneka kulandelwe ngqo kwindibano yayo;

• phambi kokuba umaleko wophahla yokugquma ikeyiki ibe ngokuyimfuneko umoya ongaphuhliswanga;
• ngokwabo izinto Ukwambathisa ekubhalwe kufuneka ibe kufutshane omnye komnye, kunye nezakhiwo truss inkqubo kakhulu ashinyeneyo;
• ikheswa ifilimu uphaya emileyo enamathelayo kwaye hayi neenzipho;
• ebhokisini kufuneka zipakishwe kunye isandi ehambisana umbandela ekhethiweyo.

Qokelela uphahla ukuze kube ezithembeke, akubanga ngokwaphula nayiphi na ubugcisa. Pie gable uphahla uphahla ifakiwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Umi phakathi imiqadi eDibanisa iipleyiti usambathisa. Ngakwicala imbala, ukuze kuwa ngaphandle, banduluka a enemingxuma ezinqabileyo ngentsimbi okanye ucingo aluminiyam.
2. Ngentla ukwambathisa ifakiwe amanzi. Ezikhuselwe konke okusemandleni akhe, yiba nomonde phezu nemivalo. Loo ndlela babengayi discontinuity xa uqala ngezinto nophahla, kwaye amalungiselelo umoya umaleko.
3. Ngaphezu ababehlangene zingangenwa ebhokisini.

Umphunga umqobo gable kophahla sokuxazulula ukusuka imbala. Ngaphezu ifilimu tape eqhotyoshelweyo ezinyuselwe izinto encasing. Oku kunokuba, umzekelo, iibhodi ngamaplanga, amacwecwe zeplastikhi, njalo njalo.

Isiseko phantsi izinto ezifulelwe

Ukubala amakhreyithi ekuqulunqweni uphahla gable kufuneka athathe ingqalelo imiba efana ubunzima izinto nophahla kunye nomthwalo ikhephu kunokwenzeka. Phantsi metal, umzekelo, ibhodi inkxaso libhalwe kunye langutela ka 230 - 400 mm. Phantsi battens zokwakha yokulungisa eqinileyo, njl

basis nemithi phantsi izinto nophahla kwakhona zikhethwa ngokuphathelele ubunzima yokugqibela. Ukuba bahlanganise amakhreyithi ingasetyenziswa njengako nezemithi, kunye nebhodi. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ukuthatha iziseko obandayo kakhulu nemithi ngokubanzi ayikhuthazwa. izinto ngenye indlela avala kwi ekusebenzeni kophahla usenokuba aluka. Kwakhona, iibhodi ebanzi badla ivale, nto leyo enokwenza amacwecwe obandayo encasing izinto ayikho athenjwe. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo ematendeni walkable ingqalelo okanye iibhodi-150 mm ububanzi.