Naval Museum eSt Petersburg. Peter Museum

Ukususela ngo 1709 waqala ukuqokelela iingqokelela zabo Naval Museum eSt Petersburg. Naso xa uPetros I wakhupha umyalelo ukuseka imodeli camera leyo. Eli binzana azihli Dutch: imodeli-kammer - models igumbi. Ngenxa yoko, models inqanawa kunye nemizobo bafumana ikhaya labo osisigxina uhlobo igumbi iisampulu. Alombutho ehlaziywa qho imiboniso ngokwesiseko izinto zomthetho.

1722 kwaphawula ukukhululwa "Regulations on the ulawulo yokwakhela kunye Admiralty." Ithi ukuba inkosi oqala ukwakha inqanawe, kufuneka wenze polumodel ebhodini omnye, elinye kunye umzobo lokutshintshela kwiBhodi Admiralty. Of XVIII ubeko leminyaka iye yasinda asibhozo.

Uphuhliso olukhawulezisiweyo zeshishini imikhumbi kukhokelele kwinto yokuba endaweni imodeli esele zenziwe inika imizobo theoretical component. Ukubaluleka practical lokuqokelelwa ibandla liye lancitshiswa zero, yaye ngo-1805 imodeli-camera akuguquki "Maritime Museum". Ngowe-1908, wamkela igama Petra Velikogo olondolozo lwembali ngoku aselwandle. Petersburg, okufanayo ngowe-1908: Museum ibhiyozela iminyaka yayo 200th. Ngokuphawulekayo ziphungulwe kwaye ngokutsha indawo yayo mboniso. Ngowe-1924, i-Museum Lwalumi uqambe Central. Le isihloko kuyaqhubeka unanamhla. Kwaye zethu iintsuku, Naval Museum e St. Petersburg isihloko efanayo. Ezantsi kuye, yena uyaziwa phantse kulo lonke ihlabathi.

Ngexesha ubukho isixeko izihlandlo-2 - ngo-1720 yaye ngo-1991 (emva kokuwa USSR) wafumana igama St. Petersburg. Naval Museum ayitshintshi igama layo nangoku, ukutshintsha kuphela indawo yayo: ngo-2011 ukuba wasiwa ekwakhiweni lethu yangaphambili Kryukov (Marine). Yena umbandela lemveli lwaselwandle omnye ezinika zindala eRashiya. Naval Museum (St. Petersburg), nayo yogcino likhulu izinto ezinxulumene imbali kwizithuthi yehlabathi.

Kwinkcazelo kweholo central

Imbali kwezithuthi Russian, ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya Oktobha Revolution ka-1917, unyaka imelwe kwiholo engundoqo. Yena mkhulu kunabo bonke iiholo ukuba ziyisebenzise Naval Museum eSt Petersburg.

Kukho iphenyane elincinane Peter I of , imifuziselo iinqanawa kunye Zempi abaneminyaka 18-20. Phakathi rarities kwiholo, oko kubizwa ngokuba ngephenyane yamandulo kunye ngwenya. Yena ke kwimbali ukwakhiwa lweenqanawa ezintywilayo - hlomela kuqala nge injini. Kwakhona, yindawo ebalulekileyo yabelwa izinto kunye nezinto asixelela ngokucacileyo malunga inxaxheba zithuthi Russian kwiziganeko ezenzeka ngo-1917, kwakunye kwi leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi.

Materials Navy Civil War era

Ithuba zimelwe eli sesichengeni, egubungele iminyaka 1918-1922. Apha yonke uthetha malunga deed yobuqhawe oomatiloshe ngexesha leMfazwe Civil nendlela ibonakalisa ungenelelo amazwe. Nazi izinto imfazwe kunye neemodeli inqanawa. Oko kukuthi, kunye inomzimba ityhubhu ye inkwili "Panther", nto leyo yazika ngowe-1919, into ebulala waseBritani, kwaye shaka-75 mm ukusuka inqanawa "Admiral Zavoiko" ( "Red Pennant"). Phakathi yemifanekiso, ungabona ezifanayo eneenkcukacha elincinane a inkwili "Mackerel", ubeko zamanyangaza "Gabriyeli" kunye nabanye.

Emagumbini Navy USSR 1922-1941 gg.

Uphando izinto iiholo eli xesha, unako ukufunda ukuphuhlisa indlela izithuthi ngexesha emva kweMfazwe Civil. ingqalelo eyodwa kufuneka inikwe imodeli yokuqala Cruiser imikhumbi eSoviet igama "laseKirov". Ezinye neenqwelwana eholweni kunokubonwa eyayikrolwe kwibali imifanekiso recovery imikhosi aselwandle abasebenzi, zaba ngabalungisi kunye iefa. Inxalenye ebalulekileyo ye mboniso lijongana iziganeko ka-1939-1940., Yiyiphi ezenzeka ngexesha Finnish War. Lo mboniso uveza izinto zabantu nxaxheba iziganeko ngaloo minyaka, kunye amaxwebhu entsusa.

Fleet Facilities angels ixesha

Of sesichengeni, ubalisa ixesha lokuqala kweMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, ungafunda iinyani ezinika umdla malunga wawalwela eMoscow iLeningrad, kwakunye inxaxheba yobuqhawe kwiBaltic Fleet kule mpi ka-1941-1942. Kwakhona imiboniso iholo ukwazisa abatyeleli malunga kwakhululwa kuvalwe iindlela eLeningrad, kuquka zokudubula nemikhosi aselwandle. Isixelela ngendlela akhululwa eCrimea, Northern Norway kunye Soviet Arctic. Xa kwiiholo ze Navy ngexesha yeHlabathi yesiBini uyakwazi ukubona ezinye iimodeli-moya zomkhosi neenqanawa, izixhobo zomkhosi zobugcisa.

Victory Hall 1945

Naval Museum eSt Petersburg bahlanganisana phantsi nasemagumbini yayo imiboniso ekhethekileyo kwiHolo woloyiso. Kukho iiflegi ezininzi Russian kunye nezibhengezo, izixhobo kwikhompyutha kunye amabhaso. Le ngokoyiswa impiriyali Japan inxaxheba iinqanawa Amur wayenothotho kunye Pacific Fleet. Xa libonisa zabo Naval Museum e St. Petersburg, wabeka imifuziselo inqanawa kwingxelo zomkhosi njengobungqina abalinganiswa nangoko iziganeko ngaloo minyaka. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo inikwa izenzo apho crew ngwenya S-13, Flood desyatipalubny ship isiJamani "UWilhelm Gustloff". In isssledovaniyah mbali aselwandle kwi ekunene enqanaweni wayetshona le ubukhulu kuthiwa njengenye iintlekele kakhulu ezinkulu.

Heritage Museum of St. Petersburg

Russian museum yokuqala karhulumente wayivula eSt Petersburg. Qala wabeka Kunstkamera, yasekwa uPetros Enkulu njengoko ngo-1714 "nezimanga egumbini." Emva kweminyaka 4 ingqokelela yokufuna ulwazi wakhula kangaka eyayihamba ngayo yokufuna ulwazi ndiyakhele yokwakha yakhe yavulwa kuluntu. E St. Petersburg omnye behlabathi inkulu zenkcubeko-imbali kunye nobugcisa iimyuziyam - i Hermitage, ogama ukuqokelelwa iqulathe iiyunithi ezikhumbuzo ngaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu inkcubeko kunye nobugcisa umhlaba kusuka Stone Age kwinkulungwane langoku.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, eSt Petersburg iimyuziyam ngaphezu kwama-200 kunye namasebe obuphezu kwabo. Peter iimyuziyam ziquka imbali emkhosini, uncwadi, ezobugcisa, ibhotwe kunye ipaka oovimba, iziza zembali, ngenkcazo kunye archaeology kunye nezinye iindawo ezininzi mboniso weendawo. Bonke bephela batyelelwa amawaka abakhenkethi ngonyaka ngamnye. A lot of iindwendwe kwamanye amazwe ngenxa yokuba eSt Petersburg yi "window ukuya eYurophu" na "igqekeziwe" yi uPetros I. Kuyinto kulo mzi baqala uphuhliso esebenzayo yoBukhosi Russian njengegunya lehlabathi.