Mvume kwenkunkuma

Ungafanelekanga ukuba ukusetyenziswa ngakumbi kwiinkqubo zoshishino amanxuwa iintsalela zazo ekwaziyo ngokonakalisa indawo, indawo yokuhlala, ubomi okanye impilo yabantu, ebizwa yingozi. ukwakhiwa kwawo isenokuba umonakalo, ityhefu, amacandelo lula, activators zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo kunye namanye amacandelo enobungozi.

Ulawulo lweNkunkuma ekhuselwe kumanqaku efanelekileyo yomthetho Russian. Umzekelo, umthetho federal samkelwa ngo-1998, lo unyaka. Esi ingqiqo ka "mvume inkunkuma" kwi wobugqwetha Russian. Kamva, ngowe-2002, kuye kwamkelwa omnye umthetho, nto leyo eqinisekisa imfuneko ukufumana isigunyaziso ukwenza imisebenzi ethile. Ngenxa yoko, inkunkuma ukususela mvume lixhomekeke kuye.

Ukungqinelana umyalelo 511, kunyaka 2001 echazwe ingozi yokuhlela iye yaziswa. Ngokusekelwe iimpawu physicochemical lweNkunkuma enobungozi, kwakunye yokugcina yabo yokuhlala. Ngenxa yoko, kuye kwasekwa iiklasi ezintlanu:

1. Kukhulu yingozi. ukusebenza kwabo ebuhlungu ukuya engqongileyo kwinkqubo. Ecosystem ayikwazi kwakhona emva kwexesha elide.
2. Okuyingozi. Le inkunkuma kwakhona nempembelelo embi kubantu ecosystem, kodwa oko kubuyiselwa emva kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu.
3. ingozi Low. Ukutshatyalaliswa phantsi kwempembelelo ecosystem wabo lulama kwisithuba seminyaka elishumi.
4. inkunkuma Nizkoopasnye. Emva impembelelo yazo ecosystem kuthabatha iminyaka emithathu.
5. Non-enobungozi. Le eklasini akanalo yingozi kwindalo.

mvume inkunkuma Namhlanje inyanzelekile ukuba iiklasi ezine zokuqala. Kuba amashishini ajongene enze izenzo anxulunyaniswa kwezi ndidi, kufuneka ngokungqinelana nomthetho ukuba bangenele inkqubo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimeko eziyimfuneko ziye wadalwa phakathi embuthweni, kubandakanywa iimfuno ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko abasebenzi contact eziyingozi izinto.

Umthetho yachaza ingqiqo ka "ukuqokelelela inkunkuma." Libhekisela kwinkqubo okwethutyana zokugcina (hayi ngaphezulu kwe kweenyanga ezintandathu) ezi izinto. Kulo mzekelo, inkunkuma ayidingi mvume. Ayifuni kuba kwiklasi yesihlanu kwezinto. Kulo mzekelo, i "inkunkuma non-eyingozi" kuthetha zeplastiki esirisayikilishiweyo, iphepha inkunkuma. Ezi zinto andithanga ndimzise nawuphi na umonakalo kokusingqongileyo. Noko ke, nxamnye zemvelo lejaji. Kulo mzekelo, nangona sebekhomba loo umonakalo obangelwe ukutshiswa inkunkuma enjalo. Umzekelo, ukutshiswa dioxin zeplastiki engeyivulelekile yaya kwi-atmosfera. Le nto umhlaza, oko unezinga eliphezulu sisilonda.

Le mvume ezithumela inkunkuma namhlanje efanelekileyo kumashishini nayiphi na uhlobo lombutho-asemthethweni, kuquka kubavelisi impahla ezahlukahlukeneyo. izinto eziyingozi kakhulu kwaye ngakumbi minyaka yonke, bona baba ohlukeneyo. Oku, ifuna ukusetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukuze kungonakali yabo.

inkunkuma mvume Inkqubo ibandakanya iimeko ezithile. Ayasebenza uqeqesho usomashishini osakhasayo okanye (xa usenza isigqibo ngqo naye).

A efunekayo ekunikweni kweemvume kwenkunkuma luthathwa kuba nokufumaneka kwabasebenzi sele abaqeqeshwe ngokukodwa ekusingatheni kwezinto ezinobungozi. Ngamaziko afanelekileyo ukubonelela inkqubo, njengoko ngayo ukulungiselela abasebenzi, uxwebhu ezingqina nesiqinisekiso soqeqesho kunye nelungelo ukwenza imisebenzi efanelekileyo. La maxwebhu ziqhotyoshelwe ilayisenisi umsebenzi lemfundo yeziko, ukuze kukhutshwe isatifikethi wezazi.