Ufolo belifa ngumthetho kwi Russian Federation

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ilifa inokwenzeka ngokuthanda okanye ngumthetho. Kwimeko yokugqibela, impahla yakho iya kwabiwa phakathi ezihlangwini ngokulandelelana kwazo. Yintoni na umyalelo wokulandelelana ilifa kwi Russian Federation, oko kuya kuxoxwa ngazo kule ncwadi.

Xa lilifa ngumthetho

umthetho Civil umisela ukuba ilifa ngumthetho unokuthatha indawo kuphela xa omnye kwezi meko zilandelayo:

• Aliyi okanye iqulethe nje bayahlelwa welifa kwalowo unqophisileyo.
• Le mimiselo esekwe imithetho intando njengongasebenziyo.
• ezihlangwini ebalulwe ukuthanda kwakhe wala ukwamkela ilifa, engekhoyo, wafa, ndayihluthwa ilungelo Ifa.
• Ukuba kukho ziindlalifa ekunene ukuya isabelo enyanzelekileyo.
• Ukuba ilifa engafunwanga.

ulwazi jikelele

Ngokommiselo, ilifa umhlaba ukuze babe ngabemi ubomi ngexesha lokufa unqophisileyo kaThixo, nabantwana bakhe, awabazalelwayo emva kokufa kwakhe. ezihlangwini Call ukuba amdle ilifa wenziwe ngokungqinelana ne-odolo. Lo mba uphambili isekelwe phezu iqondo nomini mpahla kunye nezinye izalamane. Umgaqo osisiseko umthetho ilifa kukuba izalamane ekufuphi ngaphandle kokufumana ilifa zonke ezinye izalamane. Kukho ngoku 8 umthetho civil ezibonelelwa yi umthetho Ukuvutha wokulandelelana. Uluhlu ziindlalifa kunokwenzeka ngoku (nshita kutsha nje kwixa elidlulileyo) ngoku ziquka: kaVan, abantwana beqabane, utata babeza, abantu abakuloo pay lalowo ungasekhoyo, izihlobo ukuya kwiqondo lesibini phakathi kweentsapho, kwakunye kurhulumente.

Umthetho Civil bomntu, yintoni kuba abo bangena ezichongiweyo. Uluhlu echazwe kwi Code Civil, i supplement epheleleyo lungekho. Kuba inkqubo iphawulwa nkcazelo engqongqo abalilifa kuye, oko kukuthi, vula ngalinye unalo ithuba lokuba yindlalifa kuphela xa kungekho mthetho lwangaphambili kumgca ilifa. Igama elithi "hayi" apha alibhekiseli kuphela ukungabikho virtual weendlalifa abantu, kodwa iimeko apho ahluthwe ilungelo lokwala ukwamkela impahla lalowo ungasekhoyo, abazange sikwamkela oko sibulela ngako kwexesha okanye kugwetywa ukusondela kuye.

Ubunini phakathi abamlandelayo kumgcelele efanayo emva kokufumana ifa ahlulwe alinganayo. Ngokukodwa, ukuba yokuhlala yahlulwe yaba umntu oswelekileyo, unina bakhe nomkakhe, abo bamanywe kumgca enye, baya kufumana ilifa njengoko ½ ukwabelana nganye. Oko kukuthi, akukho mntu hamba, umzekelo, 1/3 kwisabelo, kunye nezinye - 2/3 share indawo yokuhlala.

I kuqala kunabo. abantwana

Okokuqala zonke ezihlangwini ze oswelekileyo ziquka umfazi wakhe, abantwana kunye nabazali. Abantwana kwamkelwa yaye bazalwa emva kokufa kwakhe, kodwa iintsuku kamva abangaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu emva kwesiganeko. Ngaphantsi abazali kunye nabazali njengowabo nazo njengoko kuchaziwe. I-Code Civil ekumiseleni ezi neendlalifa libhekisela imimiselo yomthetho usapho, apho kuyimfuneko, nokuba ukufumanisa ukuba ngubani na isalamane njani kwaye yintoni umyalelo ilifa ngumthetho.

Abantwana kwalowo unqophisileyo angabizwa ukuba ubutyebi bakhe emva kokufa kuphela kwimeko ukuba imbonakalo yazo siqinisekiswe ngamaqumrhu abagunyazisiweyo ngokusemthethweni, okt ngokungqinelana ne-Code Family. Abantwana abazalwa ukuba abazali emtshatweni, Kakade ke, uya ilifa evela kubazali bobabini. Nantsi ke enye ebonakala emtshatweni uya kuba nako ilifa ukusuka kumama wakhe, yaye kuphela kwezinye iimeko, ukusuka kuyise. Ukuba lukatata ifakwe ngokusemthethweni (nokuba ngaba abazali hayi emtshatweni ebhalisiweyo), ngoko abantwana baya kuba abo bangena yomthetho yokuqala umgca ilifa.

Kwiimeko apho umntu ayikho otshatileyo kumfazi, kodwa zonke izenzo kunye nezenzo zabo wavuma ukuba uyise womntwana wakhe, umntwana emva kokufa kukayise wakhe Ungaya enkundleni. Iinkundla kujongwe lukatata. Ngokwesiseko komyalelo wenkundla umntwana onjalo kuba yindlalifa kwinqanaba lokuqala.

Ukuba abantwana bazalwa emtshatweni, apho kamva wahlukana, uyise wabo kuseyinto indoda owayesakuba unina. Kukho amaxesha xa umtshato isivumelwano phakathi kwabantu mthethweni. Ukuba kwimitshato ezinjalo abantwana bazalwa, ukuba isigqibo senkundla ukuba kumise umtshato aluchaphazeli abantwana. Apha imeko ungatshintsha kuphela yesigwebo, njengako elathi laseka ukuba owayesakuba ngumlingane, umzekelo, Asiyiyo nguyise, nokuba nguyise yenye indoda. Ngamanye amazwi, xa ilifa loonyana emva kokuba iqabane okanye owayesakuba ngumlingane kamama, aba bantwana ziya kuqwalaselwa njengoko ezihlangwini umthetho wokuqala umthetho ilifa emgceni. Ukunyulwa komntu akuxhomekekanga ekuzithandeleni kwi izincedisi nezona kanye lukatata uya ucinga njalo nje le nkqubo omiselwe sele kwaba kwenye indawo.

Kufuneka siqonde ukuba kuphela kwazalwa oonyana kwalowo unqophisileyo inokuba ezihlangwini zakhe. Ngoko ke abantwana isungulwe kunokuba yinto efana, ukuba bazalwa kungadlulanga iintsuku ezimakhulu mathathu emva kokusweleka kukatata wakhe. Kwakhona isekelwe phezu kwemimiselo kweKhowudi Family, njengako abantwana abazalwa ngaphambi kokuphela kweentsuku ezingama-300 emva komtshato, le invalidation womtshato okanye ukufa umfazi unina aba bantwana, ingqalelo kubantwana umfazi lowo.

Nokungalali amalungelo abazali akuthethi amalungelo amalungelo mntwana, uya emva kokufa kwabazali awona kuba ngubani na ezihlangwini umthetho wokuqala kumgca ilifa. Akukho ezinye iimeko ezifana ngokuhlalisana okanye into elolo hlobo kungadingeki ukuba ulwalamano kwabazali kuqinisekisa ngokusemthethweni.

Abantwana abaye bamkelwa ukuba, njengokuba kufanelekile, ziya kungeniswa ezihlangwini abazali babo abatsha, kwaye ngexesha elinye abayi kubudla ilifa-asethi emva kokufa nonina wegazi kunye noyise.

I kuqala kunabo. owakwakhe

Umlingane womfi ziya kufakwa kwi-1 kwinqanaba ilifa ngumthetho, ukuba ngexesha lokufa kwakhe umtshato obhalisiweyo unqophisileyo. Kufuneka baqonde ukuba umtshato kufuneka zibhaliswe liqumrhu eligunyazisiweyo. Loo mitshato ukuba zenziwe ngendlela unknown ayaziwa ngurhulumente, umzekelo, eminye imisitho yonqulo, kwakunye de facto emtshatweni ulwalamano, amadoda kunye nabafazi, kuluntu ebizwa ngokuba "umtshato yoluntu" aziyi kuqwalaselwa esebenzayo. Ngoko ke, i "isibini esitshatileyo" ezinjalo abayi kubudla ilifa emva kokufa nayiphi na kuzo.

Emva kokupheliswa ulwalamano lomtshato phakathi kwabantu owayesakuba ngumlingane ulahlekelwa ilungelo ilifa xa kunabo wayesakuba ngumyeni wakhe (nomkayo). Kwimeko enjalo, enye into ebangel 'umdla. Eli lixesha mtshato. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ukwahlukana olululo nge-Ofisi Registry okanye amagunya enkundla. Ukuba uqhawulo-mtshato okwenzekayo enkundleni, ukupheliswa okunjalo kuthathwa ukuba nigqibelele ngexesha lokungena force yoxwebhu oluhloniphiweyo yenkundla. Ngoko ke, ukuba indoda okanye umfazi wafa kwixesha eliphakathi xa umgwebi umtshato wabhengeza, kodwa hayi kodwa wafumana amandla zabo zomthetho, loo iqabane elisaphilayo iya kuthathwa nangoku, kodwa hayi kobokuqala, ngokulandelelanayo, uya Akuthandabuzeki ungumnikazi wamalungelo ilifa. Kuqala kwinto zonke, ngokomyalelo welifa baya kulima le nkosikazi.

Kuyimfuneko ukuba umahluko phakathi komtshato kunye isibhengezo iqabane obhubhileyo enkundleni. Kwimeko enjalo, nokuba iqabane elisaphilayo uya kuza emva kokuba kucace ukufa kwalowo unqophisileyo kwesinye umtshato, ukuba kubhalwe ngendlela efanelekileyo, kuba iya kubizwa ukufumana ilifa.

I kuqala kunabo. abazali

Kunye nabantwana amaqabane zibandakanyiwe kuqala bobabini abazali izihlobo igazi kumgca inyuka ngqo. It is sabo sokunene kuchaphazela mhlawumbi iminyaka yabo okanye ukukwazi ukusebenza. Kwakunye nabantwana, abazali basebenzise amalungelo abo ngokusekelwe iseti ngendlela eyiyo yokuzalwa (imvelaphi) abantwana babo. Xa ilifa evela abantwana beze kule mithetho efanayo lilifa kubazali bakhe. abazali umntwana njengowabo, nabo, ayalingana, ngokulandelelanayo, yaye umbuzo ngokulandelelana banamalungelo afanayo, eya kuba abazali bemvelo.

Abo bazali abaye zibuye ekwenzeni imisebenzi yabo bekhulisa kunye nokugcinwa kwabantwana, abo enkundleni zabandezwa amalungelo koomama yooyise, ipropati akuthethi ilifa emva kokufa koonyana babo, wawalawula ziindlalifa ukusondela kuye. Kungekho iindlalifa abazali besibini, ukuba loo ukwamkelwa irhoxisiwe. Ukuba abazali yakutya amalungelo abo umntwana, kodwa kunokuba kuphela, abanako kuchongwa ezihlangwini ngokungafanelekileyo, zisekelwe kuphela kule nto.

nabazukulu

Isigaba sokuqala yelifa ngumthetho, umthetho othile yoluntu, kukwathetha ukuba nako ukungena kunye nabazukulwana kwalowo unqophisileyo. Phantsi abazukulwana kwakuthetha kwinzala umfi ngokuzalana, ngaba kumgca ngqo kwinzala kuye. Kusenokuba abantwana unyana, nokuba ihlabe intombi, kwaye obamkele njengabakho unqophisileyo.

Ekukholelwa ukuba abazukulwana zimelwe ezihlangwini nqanaba 1 by ilungelo umelo. Oko kukuthi, banalo ilungelo kwipropati, ukuba ngexesha xa ilifa lavulwa, akukho bani abahlala nabazali babo, ngubani na oya kuba yindlalifa kumgcelele wokuqala ngokomthetho welifa. Abazukulwana mayingabi ziindlalifa kuphela ilungelo umelo. Civil Code zinikwe ngokucacileyo, kodwa kucingelwa ukuba, ukongeza kubo ilungelo ukumelwa inokuba iindlalifa kunye nabantwana babo, kwaye ngokubanzi yonke inzala igazi esihla kumgca othe ngqo. Ekwabiweni iinxalenye welifa lomfi kwiindlalifa ezinjalo ilungelo womelo etyalwa nefuna, ekwakumele ukuba abazali babo abangasekhoyo. Esi sabelo, ukuba yahlulwe alinganayo.

Umzekelo: Ukuba umntu oswelekileyo ubenonyana wafa ngexesha lokuvula ilifa, oonyana unyana kwabafileyo (abazukulwana-mpahla leyo) ziya kuthatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo ngokulandelelana. Zonke ilifa liya kwahlulwa ngokulinganayo phakathi kwabo. Ukongeza, ezi abazukulwana azibandakanywa elifeni iindlalifa zonke izigaba ezilandelayo. Ukuba umyoleli wayenabantwana ababini, umzekelo, unyana nentombi, kwaye ngexesha lokuvula unyana ilifa wafa, lo mhlaba uya kwahlulwa, ilandelwa ngulo: isiqingatha - intombi, esinye isiqingatha isasazwa ngokulinganayo phakathi abazukulwana kwalowo unqophisileyo.

Isigaba sesibini. Abafowabo nodadewabo

8 yomthetho wokulandelelana iyazigqabhuza abazalwana noodade yomntu oswelekileyo uphethe indawo yesibini. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ngokungqinelana ne-siseko ephambili, babe ziindlalifa engekho bonke abantu abasenokuba abo bangena kweqonga yokuqala. Bona zithathwa ukuba bangabalandeli phezu sideline bolwesibini udidi phakathi kweentsapho. Akukho mfuneko yokuba abazalwana noodade wabazali ubhubhileyo eqhelekileyo, kwaye ngokwaneleyo le. Okt alandela yesibini yeqonga zichongwe segazi ngokupheleleyo kangaka kunye nodadewabo, bazalwana. Kwakhona, akukho ayinamsebenzi ukuba oko kuba umzali efanayo - unina okanye uyise. Ngexesha nokwabiwa welifa ilifa umzalwana oswelekileyo okanye udade abazalwana noodade oluzeleyo banamalungelo afanayo ngokupheleleyo-gazi.

Abazalwana noodade abangenazo abazali oqhelekileyo oswelekileyo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-edityanisiweyo, ongenalungelo ilifa phantsi komthetho. Emgqeni ziindlalifa izalamane non-negazi lulodwa ifakiwe.

Relative kubantwana kwamkelwa abazali kwalowo unqophisileyo uswelekileyo ndingatsho ukuba amalungelo afanayo abantwana begazi. Yiloo nto ke sana eyamkelweyo kuyalingana ubunikazi izalamane igazi kuphela malunga ngumzali, kodwa kananjalo nezinye izihlobo zalo adopter. Ngenxa yoko, abantwana ezithathwe kwiNdlu lomzali obhubhileyo kufuneka amalungelo twatse abantwana babo yaye iza kungeniswa kwiindlalifa Inqanaba lesibini ngaphandle nayiphi na imiqathango kuwo.

Kwiimeko apho, umzekelo, bazalwana babini yahlukanisiwe kunye kwenye nenye umntwana ezahlukeneyo intsapho, ulwalamano lwabo, njengoko anqamka, ngoko aba bazalwana abakwazi ilifa enye emva kwenye.

Isigaba sesibini. ogogo

Isigaba sesibini lilifa ngumthetho, ukongeza kubazalwana noodade, iindlalifa nesinika nomakhulu kunye notatomkhulu wam. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze ezihlangwini zifuna enozalwano mntu ubhubhileyo ukuba. Unina noyise nonina umfi inokuba iindlalifa kweqonga 2 ngawo onke amaxesha. Kodwa uyise nonina uyise umfi kuphela xa ngemvelaphi umntwana lukatata ichazwa ngokusemthethweni ngendlela emiselweyo. unina okanye uyise womfi besibini kuya kuthatha inxaxheba wokulandelelana sesibini isigaba.

nokwabiwa kwee-asethi phakathi kwanootatomkhulu kunye oomakhulu, abazalwana noodade lwenzeka enkulu ngokulinganayo.

Ngu ilungelo ezihlangwini ukumelwa kwalowo unqophisileyo ungakwazi kuphela abantwana abazalwana noodade, oko kukuthi, abatshana kunye nabatshana-mpahla lowo ungasekhoyo.

Isigaba sesithathu

Umyalelo emisiweyo ngokubaluleka ngokomthetho wokulandelelana iqhubeka kwisigaba sesithathu, eyenziwa ngaba abazali nabantwana bomfi, oko kukuthi, umakazi wakhe umalume kwicala le uplink. Nomini kwiimeko ezinjalo zichazwa ngokufanayo abazalwana umyoleli nomini kunye noodade, ngabazali bakhe, kunye nabantwana.

Ngu ilungelo umelo kwisithathu bonke abantwana zibandakanyiwe anti noomalume kwalowo unqophisileyo, oko kukuthi, nabazala bakhe kunye nodadewabo. Ukusasazwa lwezabelo lwenzeka kwi kumgaqo ukuba elifeni yi ekunene womelo kwezinye ufolo.

abazalwana noodade kwalowo unqophisileyo (nabazala yesibini nakude) elifeni ngakumbi ezikude akuvumelekanga.

Ezinye komgca

Zonke ezinye izihlobo-mpahla, nto leyo ezidweliswe apha ngentla, aba iindlalifa ezi umgcelele. Ziqulethe ikakhulu zinyuka zisihla namasebe kwicala zomthonyama. Ke kaloku ngoxa mthetho kutshanje uye eyandisiweyo inani iindlalifa ezinokubakho, nangona uluhlu lwabo ayikho engaphele ndawo, uze uphele ngomhla iqondo sesihlanu phakathi kweentsapho. Loo iLand ongenaxhala ndithi egameni likarhulumente, njengoko kungekho zihlobo umyoleli, ngubani ilifa kwiipropati ziya kuvakaliswa engafunwanga mazigqithiselwe kuRhulumente. Ukungavunyelwa phezu komthetho ilifa obekwe izalamane ezikude ezifana abazala yesibini, abatshana, abazukulwana, njalo-njalo. N.

Umthetho entsimini ngobuhlobo bafumanisa ukuba iqondo ubudlelwane iya kumiselwa ngokusekelwe kwinani yokuzalwa, yahlukanisiwe ukusuka kwenye intsapho.

Umzekelo, umgca wesine lilifa nezalamane kwalowo unqophisileyo, ubudlelwane leyo kumiselwa kumlinganiselo wesithathu. Ku va notatomkhulu omkhulu ubhubhileyo. Kwinqanaba yesihlanu, ngokulandelelana, izihlobo besigaba sesine apho mthetho wathabatha oonyana omthandayo abatshana kunye nabatshana, apho kukho okwangoku ingabizwa abazala, nabazukulwana. Indawo yesihlanu sele sifakiwe nabazala noomawokhulu, oko kukuthi, oodade nabazalwana, ugogo umkhulu kwalowo unqophisileyo.

indawo lesithandathu - abantwana abazala abazukulwana, abazukulwana, bazalwana, noodade, oomawokhulu. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ngokuba abazala, abazukulwana, mkhulu-umzukulwana, abatshana, oomalume, oomalumekazi.

Stepsons, nendodakazi, nomnye umama nobaba iqanjwa ngomnyaka wesixhenxe ngokomthetho komgca ilifa. 8 of the Code Civil kuqala, oko kukuthi yokugqibela, enika abo baxhomekeke - abantu ezingaqukwanga kwezinye kumgca ngokulandelelana. Nakuba kunjalo, abantu abalolu hlobo banokwenza kubizwa ukuba ilifa qho elilinganayo kunye nezinye umgcelele.

Ngaloo ndlela, nangona ukuntsonkotha elikhangeleka ngolandelelwano yemfuza kwinkqubo, ukuba ukhangela ngenyameko lo mbandela, sinokugqiba ukuba ilula. Kakade ke, onke bokuqonda kunye ubuqili inkqubo ubiza zoludwe kufuneka baqonde uligqwetha, oya kuqhuba into njengelifa. Ukuba kufuneka ubize ukwabiwa yonke impahla phantsi komthetho wokulandelelana emgceni. Belarus (Belarus), kwakunye Russian Federation kunye namanye amazwe ico, kweli phephancwadi ibonisa unanimity, ngoko ke imithetho elawula umthetho ilifa, kumazwe babesakuba kweminquba eSoviet iyafana kakhulu.