Movement umzimba phantsi isenzo womxhuzulane: incazelo ifomula

intshukumo yomzimba phantsi umxhuzulane ngumxholo ophambili kwi-physics olutshintshayo. Kwelo candelo zisekelwe phezu Dynamics ezintathu imithetho Newton, uyazi yesikolo nokuqheleka. Makhe zama ukuqonda isifundo ngokucokisekileyo, yaye inqaku echaza ngokweenkcukacha umzekelo ngamnye kuya kusinceda ukuba wenze isifundo intshukumo yomzimba phantsi amandla womxhuzulane njengoko luncedo.

A incinane

Ukususela kwixesha lakudala, abantu bebukele Ndalukwa iziganeko ezahlukeneyo ezenzeka kubomi bethu. Abantu ixesha elide nako ukuqonda imigaqo kunye nelungiselelo kweenkqubo ezininzi, ke, indlela ende ukuvavanya ihlabathi jikelele kwakhokelela ookhokho bethu ukuba revolution lwezenzululwazi. Kule mihla xa lezobuchwepheshe likhula ngesantya eningenakukholwa yiyo, abantu phantse musa ukucinga ngendlela yokuqhuba ezi okanye ezinye iindlela.

Ngelo xesha, ookhokho bethu basoloko nomdla ngantsonkotha iinkqubo zendalo kunye nesakhiwo zehlabathi, ekhangela iimpendulo zemibuzo zinzima, akaphinda kodwa ukufunda, kodwa akazange ukufumana iimpendulo. Umzekelo, i-nzulu esidumileyo uGalileo Galilei ngenkulungwane ye-16 ukubuza umbuzo: "Kutheni na umzimba soloko awe phantsi, yintoni na amandla etsala kuwo umhlaba" Ngowe-1589 wenza uthotho amalinge, iziphumo eyabonakala lixabiseke kakhulu. Wafunda ngokweenkcukacha imithetho ukuwa simahla kwimibutho eyahlukeneyo, baphosa izinto ukusuka kwinqaba odumileyo e Pisa. Imithetho, nto leyo wayiqhubela, ziye zaphucuka kunye neefomula kuchazwe ngokweenkcukacha enye ingcali yenzululwazi odumileyo yaseBritani - Nkosi Isaakom Nyutonom. Anazo ezintathu umthetho, olusekelwe phezu phantse yonke physics mihla.

Isibakala sokuba imithetho yokuhamba lwemizimba, wachaza kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-500 eyadlulayo, lwayamene namhlanje, kukuba iplanethi yethu ngokuxhomekeke kwimithetho efanayo. indoda Modern kufuneka ubuncinane yokuzenzisa sihlolisise imigaqo esisiseko lilungiselelo ehlabathini.

nezimaphambili ezingundoqo ezithile malunga nenkxaso

Ukuze uqonde ngokupheleleyo imigaqo yalo mbutho, kufuneka kuqala wazi inxalenye ngongoma. Ngoko, igama elithi kakhulu eziyimfuneko theoretical:

• Intsebenziswano - ifuthe lwemizimba nxamnye enye kwenye, apho kuza kubakho utshintsho okanye ekuqaleni nentshukumo lwabo omnye komnye. Kukho iindidi ezine yentsebenziswano: umoya, amandla, anamandla omxhuzulane.
• Isantya - a ubuninzi emzimbeni ebonisa isantya ngayo umzimba ihambisa. Isantya kumda, oko kukuthi, uye kuphela ixabiso kodwa ulwalathiso.
• Ukukhawuleziswa - ubungakanani leyo ebonisa ukuba izinga ukutshintsha Velocity komzimba kangangexesha elithile. Kwakhona nto a ubungakanani yomzobo yesiboniso.
• Isikhokelo ngendlela - egopheni, yaye ngamanye amaxesha - umgca othe ngqo ukuba delineates umzimba ihamba. Nge iyunifomu rectilinear indlela isindululo nimzukise ixabiso ukufuduka idibana.
• Indlela - ubude indlela, oko kukuthi, njengokuba umzimba Wawuthatha isixa elithile.
• inkqubo Inertial reference - imeko apho wena umthetho wokuqala Newton, oko kukuthi, umzimba igcina umfutho wayo, kunye nemigqaliselo yokuba engekho ngokupheleleyo naziphi na imikhosi angaphandle.

Iingqiqo ngasentla ayanelanga ukuba itsalele ngobuchule okanye angenise kwintloko Ukulinganisa motion umzimba phantsi kwempembelelo womxhuzulane.

Yintoni na amandla?

Masishukume kwi le ngcamango isihloko sethu. Ngenxa yoko, amandla - oko ixabiso, intsingiselo apho ifuthe okanye impembelelo omzimba omnye phezu komnye nangokobungakanani. A lamandla - ungamandla enza ngokupheleleyo emzimbeni zonke ibekwe ngomhla okanye kufutshane kumphezulu iplanethi yethu. Umbuzo: phi amandla afanayo? Impendulo siyifumana umthetho gravitation jikelele.

Yintoni kokona?

On nayiphi na umzimba liyachatshazelwa amandla omxhuzulane komhlaba, nto leyo ulunika ukukhawulezisa ethile. Lamandla kusoloko indlela nkqo phantsi kweli ziko le planethi. Ngamanye amazwi, amandla womxhuzulane notsalo izinto ngayo Earth, yiyo lonto zinto awe phantsi. Kubonakala ukuba amandla womxhuzulane - oku ityala ekhethekileyo amandla omxhuzulane. Newton nayo enye iifomyula ezingundoqo afumane amandla nomdla phakathi izidumbu ezimbini. Likhangeleka oko: F = G * (m ₁ x m ₂₎ / ^R-2.

Yintoni kukukhawuleziswa ngenxa womxhuzulane?

Umzimba, leyo ndakhululwa kubude ethile, njalo iphaphazela phantsi amandla womxhuzulane. Movement umzimba phantsi kwempembelelo womxhuzulane ngokuthe nkqo phezulu kwaye phantsi kungachazwa yi quadratic apho rhoqo esisiseko iya kuba ixabiso kukukhawuleziswa "g". Eli xabiso uzimisele kuphela amandla womxhuzulane, kunye nexabiso layo nama ilingana 9.8 m / s ^2. Kubonakala ukuba umzimba ndoyilahla kubude zero uqina ekuqaleni, ndisishenxise phantsi ixabiso kukukhawuleziswa "g".

Movement umzimba phantsi isenzo womxhuzulane: formula ukuxazulula

Le ndlela yokubala basic ikufumanisileyo lamandla ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: _{F, benokundileka} = m x g, apho m - ubunzima umzimba apho izenzo amandla, yaye "g" - free ukuwa unikezelo (ukuba lula imisebenzi kucingwa ukuba ilingana no-10 m / s ²⁾ .

Kukho iifomyula eziliqela zisetyenziselwa ukufuna ezingaziwayo ethile kunye isindululo ngaphandle komzimba. Ngokomzekelo, ukuze ubale umendo onqamlezwa umzimba, kuyimfuneko ukuba kufakwe amaxabiso eyaziwa kule formula: S = V ₀ x t + a x t ^2/2 (umendo lilingana sum of eziveliswa uqina yokuqala liphindaphindwe ngexesha kukukhawuleziswa ngexesha ophindwe, lahlulwe 2).

Ezi zibalo ukwenzela ukuchaza isindululo nkqo umzimba

Movement umzimba phantsi kwempembelelo womxhuzulane nkqo ukuya lenxaki, elolu hlobo lulandelayo: x = x ₀ + v ₀ x t + a x t ^2/2 Ukusebenzisa eli binzana, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ufumane uququzelelo zomzimba ngexesha owaziwayo. Kuyimfuneko nje endaweni amaxabiso eyaziwa ingxaki: ukuqala indawo, izinga lokuqala (ukuba uyakhululwa umzimba nje, nizihlabe nomkhosi ethile) kunye ukukhawulezisa, kule meko ke ilingana lunikezelo g.

Ngendlela efanayo zinokufunyanwa kwaye uqina omzimba ezinambuzelayo phantsi amanyathelo womxhuzulane. Ibinzana okufumana ubuninzi ezingaziwayo ngalo naliphi na ixesha: v = v ₀ + g x t (ixabiso lokuqala nesantya inokuba ngu zero, ngoko isantya iya kulingana imveliso ukukhawulezisa omxhuzulane ngokwexabiso bexesha apho umzimba yenza intshukumo).

Ukuhanjiswa lwemizimba phantsi intshukumo womxhuzulane: mngeni kunye nezisombululo

Ekucombululeni iingxaki ezininzi ezinxulumene womxhuzulane, sicebisa isicwangciso kulandelayo:

1. Ukumisela kuba baziqwebela isakhelo lula inertial of reference yenziwa ukukhetha Umhlaba kuba idibana ezininzi iimfuno ze-ISO.
2. Zoba kumzobo okanye umfanekiso, ebonisa amandla eziphambili ebambeleyo ekhankanyiweyo emzimbeni. Movement umzimba phantsi kwempembelelo womxhuzulane kuthatha umzobo okanye umzobo obonisa indlela apho umzimba enambuzelayo, ukuba izenzo unikezelo ngokulinganayo g.
3. Emva koko khetha indlela project imikhosi kunye accelerations ifunyenwe.
4. Rekhoda inani angaziwa kwaye ubone indlela yabo.
5. Ekugqibeleni, usebenzisa ifomula ngasentla ukusombulula iingxaki, ukubala zonke angaziwa ukuze kufakwe idatha inxaki okufumana kukukhawuleziswa kunye nomgama ohanjiweyo.

isisombululo Turnkey umsebenzi lula

Xa kufikwa into enjalo njengoko intshukumo yomzimba phantsi amanyathelo womxhuzulane, ukuze ubone indlela esisebenza indlela yokusombulula lo msebenzi kunokuba nzima. Nangona kunjalo, kukho amaqhinga eziliqela usebenzisa apho ngokulula ukucombulula nkqu eyona nto inzima. Ngoko ke, sichaza ukuba imizekelo yokusombulula oku okanye loo ngxaki. Makhe siqale ekulula ukusiqonda le ngxaki.

Umzimba ukukhululwa kubude 20 m kungekho Velocity lokuqala. Ukumisela ukuba njani ixesha elininzi ngayo ifikelela phezu komhlaba.

Isicombululo: siyazi indlela onqamlezwa umzimba, kwakusazeka ukuba uqina zokuqala ilingana no 0. Kwakhona ukufumanisa ukuba umzimba kuphela amandla womxhuzulane izenzo, icace phandle ukuba le intshukumo yomzimba phantsi amanyathelo womxhuzulane, yaye ngoko ke kufuneka usebenzise indlela yokubala: S = V ₀ x t + a x t ^2/2. Ekubeni kwimeko yethu = g, ngoko emva kokuba ezinye utshintshwano sinokuyifumana inxaki ilandelayo: S = g x t ² / 2. Ngoku ihlala kuphela ixesha okucacileyo le formula, sifumanisa ukuba t ² = 2 / g. Kufakwe ixabiso eyaziwa (kulo mzekelo zicinge ukuba g = 10 m / s ²⁾ t ² = 2 x 20/10 = 4. Ngenxa yoko, t = 2 s.

Ngoko ke impendulo yethu; ukuwa umzimba phantsi imizuzwana 2.

Trick ukusombulula le ngxaki ngokukhawuleza, sesi silandelayo: oko kunokubonwa ukuba intshukumo yomzimba echazwe kule ngxaki zilandelayo kwenzeka kwicala elinye (nkqo phantsi). Iyafana kakhulu isindululo ngokufanayo yanda, ekubeni umzimba akukho amandla ngaphandle amandla womxhuzulane (amandla ngumoya kuye kungasiwaso). Ngenxa yale singakwazi ukusebenzisa ifomula okufumana i lula umendo kwi eshukumayo ngokufanayo olungongezwanga, edlula ilungiselelo imifanekiso imizobo omele imikhosi emzimbeni.

Umzekelo imisebenzi enzima kakhulu

Ngoku makhe sibone eyona ndlela ukusombulula ingxaki movement umzimba womxhuzulane, ukuba umzimba ukuhamba ngokuthe nkqo, kodwa intshukumo ezimbaxa ngakumbi.

Umzekelo, umsebenzi olandelayo. Abanye into ihamba ubunzima m kunye ukukhawulezisa esingaziwayo phantsi moya ukuthambeka, 'ngumlingani ka zochuku uyalingana k. Ukumisela ixabiso lunikezelo, efumanekayo ngexesha isindululo umzimba xa α ukuthambekela engile uyaziwa.

Isisombululo: Kuyimfuneko ukuba basebenzise esi sicwangciso, nto leyo ichazwe ngasentla. I draw siqale i moya ithambekele umzimba kwaye yonke imikhosi esebenza kuyo. Kubonakala ukuba inamacandelo amathathu: amandla womxhuzulane, kunobunye kunye umgangatho reaction amandla. Kubonakala equation jikelele njengeempembelelo iziphumo: F _zochuku + N + mg = ma.

Eyona nto iyimbalasane iphambili ingxaki imeko ukuthambekela angela α. Xa ethe amabutho umgca inkomo kunye axis oy, le meko kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo, ngoko sifumana ibinzana ilandelayo: mg α x isono - F _zochuku = ma (inkomo axis) kunye N - mg x cos α = F _zochuku (ngokuba oy axis) .

F _ukukhuhlana lulula kubalwa ekufumaneni amandla frictional ifomula, nto ilingana k x mg (ukungavumelani kwe kunobunye liphindaphindwe imveliso ubunzima kunye kukukhawuleziswa omxhuzulane). Emva kokuba zonke zibalo ishiyeka kuphela kufakwe amaxabiso afunyenwe kuwo ifomula, sinokuyifumana i'quadratic olulula yokubala kukukhawuleziswa apho umzimba ezinambuzelayo moya bethana.